http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1
refers to the dorsal-most of three horizontal gyri located at the frontal pole of the human frontal lobe. Defined by gross dissection, the three constitute the transverse frontopolar gyri. The other two are the middle frontopolar gyrus and the inferior frontopolar gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus frontopolaris transversus superior
superior frontopolar gyrus
superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2
refers to the part of occipital lobe white matter that is located beneath the lingual gyrus as defined by dissection and stains for myelin in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
lingual white matter
Substantia medullaris lingualis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3
refers to the part of cingulate white matter that is located beneath the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus as defined by dissection and stains for myelin in the human ( NeuroNames ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Substantia medullaris isthmus cinguli
isthmus of cingulate white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4
refers to the part of parietal white matter that is located beneath the supramarginal gyrus as defined by dissection and stains for myelin. It is found in the human ( NeuroNames ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
supramarginal white matter
Substantia medullaris supramarginalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=5
refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located beneath the precentral gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( NeuroNames ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ).Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
precentral white matter
Substantia medullaris precentralis
pre-central white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=6
refers to one of four orbital gyri that form the ventral surface of the frontal lobe in the human. It is a convolution located caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus, between the medial orbital gyrus and the lateral orbital gyrus ( Mai-1997 ); it may abut the anterior insula posteriorly ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat, or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
gyrus orbitaire postérieur
posterior orbital gyrus
Gyrus orbitalis posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=7
refers to a cell group located in the medulla just lateral to the solitary nucleus. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is one of seven nuclear groups that comprise postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus parasolitarius
ядро околоодиночного пути
Nucleus juxtasolitarius
nucleus of fasciculus solitarius
parasolitary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=8
refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located beneath the lateral orbital gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( NeuroNames ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
lateral orbital white matter
Substantia medullaris orbitalis lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=9
refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located deep to the inferior temporal gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Substantia medullaris temporalis inferior
inferior temporal white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=10
refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located deep to the medial orbital gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human and the macaque. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Substantia medullaris orbitalis medialis
medial orbital white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=11
refers to a convolution on the medial surface of the frontal lobe in the human ( Mai-1997 ). Defined on the basis of dissection and stains for Nissl substance, it is bounded dorsally by the superior rostral gyrus and the cingulate gyrus. Ventrally the rostral sulcus separates it from the straight gyrus. It is not found in the macaque, where the comparable area dorsal to the rostral sulcus is occupied by the anterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
inferior rostral gyrus
Gyrus rostralis inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=12
refers to the part of limbic white matter that is located deep to the posterior cingulate gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human and the macaque. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
posterior cingulate white matter
Substantia medullars cinguli posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=13
refers to one of four orbital gyri on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection and stains for Nissl substance, it is located between the medial orbital gyrus and the lateral orbital gyrus. It is separated from the posterior orbital gyrus by the, transverse orbital sulcus, the horizontal component of the orbital sulci ( Mai-1997 ). The comparable central portion of the orbital gyri in the frontal lobe of the macaque is occupied by the medial part of the lateral orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis medius
средняя глазничная продольная извилина
средняя продольная глазничная извилина
intermediate orbital gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=14
refers to the part of occipital white matter that is located deep to the cuneus on the medial aspect of the occipital lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human and the macaque. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
cuneate white matter
Substantia medullaris cuneatus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=15
refers to the part of occipital white matter that is located deep to the inferior occipital gyrus on the ventrolateral aspect of the occipital lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
inferior occipital white matter
Substantia medullaris occipitalis inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=16
refers to the part of temporal white matter that is located deep to the superior temporal gyrus on the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
superior temporal white matter
Substantia medullaris temporalis superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=17
refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located deep to the superior frontal gyrus on the dorsal aspect of the frontal lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
superior frontal white matter
Substantia medullaris frontalis superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=18
refers to the part of temporal white matter that is located deep to the middle temporal gyrus on the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Substantia medullaris temporalis medius
middle temporal white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=19
refers to the portion of the anterior commissure that crosses the midsagittal plane between the cerebral hemispheres. The center or caudal boundary of the decussation is the zero coordinate of stereotaxic space in most stereotaxic brain atlases in current use. The anterior commissure is found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
decussation of the anterior commissure
Decussatio commissurae anterioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=20
refers to the part of parietal white matter that is located deep to the superior parietal lobule on the dorsolateral aspect of the parietal lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Substantia medullaris parietalis superior
superior parietal white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21
refers to one of two parts of the central nervous system (CNS) as defined by dissection in vertebrates. It is the part of the CNS located in the cranial cavity; the other part is the spinal cord. (Some biologists also use 'brain' in reference to the central ganglion of the nervous system of invertebrate species ( Wikipedia )).
Neuroanatomists subdivide the brain in three different ways. Most textbooks and brain atlases are organized according to the Classical Model, which at the highest level divides the brain into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Below that level structures are grouped by proximity as the brain is dissected to finer and finer levels. The Classical Model is reflected in the hierarchy of human and macaque brain structures that you find when you click 'Locus in Brain Hierarchy' below. It is reflected for the rhesus macaque brain in the Macaque Brain by Dubach, which you find by clicking 'Models Where It Appears' below.
The definition of the brain in the second model, the Developmental CNS Model, differs from the Classical Model in that structures are grouped by the location of their precursors in the embryo; and it includes the retina, a structure which is located outside the cranial cavity of the mature animal but originates in the Encephalon (embryonic brain). (The retina is classically defined as part of the peripheral nervous system.) To avoid confusion, the standard NeuroNames terminology for structures defined by dissection of the mature brain are in English; standard names for subdivisions based on embryonic precursor are in Latin and capitalized. Thus, the highest level divisions of the Developmental CNS Model are the Telencephalon, Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon, which correspond to a large extent, but with significant exceptions, to the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain of the Classical Model. (The Developmental CNS Model is not currently illustrated in BrainInfo.)
In the third model, the Functional CNS Model, structures are grouped by a combination of criteria, including embryonic origin, internal structure, connectivity, and function. Division at the highest level is into four structures: the pallium, cerebral nuclei, cerebellum, and cerebrospinal trunk. (The pallium consists of the cerebral cortex and the cortical subplate nuclei.) In the Functional Model the retina is a component of the cerebrospinal trunk. The concept 'brain' does not actually appear in the Functional CNS Model, because there is no functionally meaningful basis for distinguishing the part of the cerebrospinal trunk located in the cranium from that enclosed in the spinal column.
The hierarchical organization of the Functional Model is derived almost entirely from appendices to the atlas of the rat brain in Swanson-2004 . To see it, click: <a href="http://braininfo.org/OtherModels.aspx?requestID=2868&questID=&pTerm=Functional+CNS+Model+-+Rat" target="_new">Functional CNS Model - Rat</a>. The NeuroNames terminology for structures in the Functional Model is, insofar as possible, the same as that for structures that are equivalent to structures in the Classical Model.
Each of the three models is more useful than the others for certain purposes. The Classical Model is most useful for understanding the terminology of the neuroanatomical literature of the past century and for surgical and radiological applications, which involve dissection and/or visualization according to classical landmarks. The Developmental Model is more useful for analyzing the embryonic and genetic origins of brain structure. The Functional Model is most useful for addressing the fundamental challenge of neuroscience, namely to understand the relations between neural structure and function.
In that context, the primary purpose of BrainInfo/NeuroNames is to clarify the relations between the structural concepts and the terminologies of these and other ways of looking at the central nervous system.
otak
human brain
the brain
suprasegmental levels of nervous system
ensefalon
encefalo
두뇌
suprasegmental structures
頭腦
Hirn
головной мозг
brain
Gehirn
encéfalo
cerveau
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=22
refers the part of the transverse cerebral fissure that separates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum and which contains the cerebellar tentorium. The other part is the telodiencephalic fissure ( Riley-1943 ). It is found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
cerebrocerebellar fissure
cerebro-cerebellar fissure
Fissura cerebrocerebellaris
Fissura cerebro-cerebellaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=23
refers to the groove on the anterior aspect of the brainstem that marks the boundary between the pons and the crus cerebri of the midbrain. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus praepontinus
solco pontino superiore
superior pontine sulcus
Sulcus pedunculo-pontinus
Sulcus superior pontis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=24
refers to a cleft-like opening in the wall of the lateral ventricle that appears when the choroid plexus is dissected away. It extends from the interventricular foramen to the end of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. The part nearest the interventricular foramen is between the lateral edge of the fornix and the upper surface of the thalamus; in the inferior horn it is between the fimbria and the stria terminalis ( Gray-1918a ).
choroidal fissure
chorioid fissure
Fissura choroidea
choroid fissure
fissura chorioidea
сосудистая щель
fissura corioidea
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=25
refers to the anterior portion of the posterior basal cistern. It is a cerebrospinal fluid filled cavity in the floor of the cranium outside the midbrain, between the pons and the mammillary body. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ).
Cisterna interpeduncularis
sistern antar pedunkel
cisterna interpeduncolare
межножковая цистерна
Cisternae intercruralis
cisterna interpeduncular
interpeduncular cistern
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=26
refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled space between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Its floor is formed by the pineal gland, the superior colliculus, and the inferior colliculus. (The colliculi constitute the Corpus quadrigemina from which the cistern gets its name.) It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sistern superior
cisterna superior
superior cistern
cisterna superiore
cisterna ambiens
cistern of the great cerebral vein
quadrigeminal cistern
cisterna de la vena magna del cerebro
Cisterna superior
Cisterna ambiens
Cisterna colliculorum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27
refers to one ot three components of the brain as defined in the Classical Model by dissection. The other components are the midbrain and the hindbrain.The most anterior of the three, its caudal boundary is with the midbrain: a nominally coronal plane defined by the rostral margin of the superior colliculus dorsally and the caudal margin of the mammillary body ventrally. The forebrain is composed of two parts: the endbrain and the interbrain. Substructures of the forebrain are derived for the most part, but not entirely, from the embryonic Prosencephalon. It is found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Prosencephalon
forebrain
Vorhirn
proencefalo
передний мозг
Vorderhirn
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=28
refers to the part of the transverse cerebral fissure that separates the ventral surfaces of the corpus callosum and fornix (of the endbrain) from the dorsal surface of the interbrain. Formed by the folding back of the endbrain over the interbrain during fetal development, it is technically outside the brain. It gets its name from the Telencephalon and Diencephalon, embryonic precursors of the endbrain and interbrain respectively. It together with the cerebrocerebellar fissure constitute the transverse cerebral fissure. It is found in the human ( Riley-1943 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ),
telodiencephalic fissure
telo-diencephalic fissure
Fissura telo-diencephalica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=29
refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled space outside the brain and rostral to the lamina terminalis. The lamina forms the anterior wall of the third ventricle of the hypothalamus. The cistern is found in the human ( Riley-1943 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ).
cistern of the lamina terminalis
cisterna della lamina terminale
Cisterna laminae terminalis
cisterna de la lámina terminal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=30
refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled space outside the brain next to the optic chiasm. It is found in the human ( Riley-1943 ), macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
цистерна перекрестка
chiasmatic cistern
Cisterna chiasmatica
Cisterna chiasmatis
cisterna quiasmática
sistern kiasma
cisterna chiasmatica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31
refers to one of two components of the forebrain. As the more rostral component, its most prominent cellular subdivisions are the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, the septum, and the basal forebrain. The more caudal component of the forebrain is the interbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). The endbrain is grossly equivalent to the cerebrum of the Functional CNS Model - Rat of brain structure ( Swanson-2004 ). It is found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse.
otak-besar
Telencephalon
передний мозг (Савельева)
telencefalo
cerebro anterior
Endhirn
endbrain
telencephalon
telensefalon
конечный мозг
telencéfalo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=32
refers to the first of the cranial nerves (I). It consists of very short filamentous bundles of unmyelinated nerve axons that originate from bipolar sensory cells in the olfactory mucosa high in the nasal cavity. They project through the cribiform plate, the thin boney roof of the nasal cavity, to the olfactory bulb on the floor of the cranial cavity. They are the first neurons in the olfactory system, which is responsible for the sense of smell. The nerve is demonstrated by fiber stains in the human, macaque, rat and mouse ( Price-1990 ).
olfactoria fila
Hirnnerv I
nervus olfactorius
I. Hirnnerv
Nervus olfactorius
Riechnerv
nervo I
Nerve I
saraf otak pertama
first cranial nerve
olfactory fila
nervo olfattivo
обонятельный нерв
olfactory nerve
Fila olfactoria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=33
refers to one of two nerves forming the vomeronasal-terminalis nerve complex from the lining of the nasal cavity to the brain. It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and certain other animals ( Crosby-1962 ). Reports agree that the complex is demonstrable in the human fetus into the third trimester of gestation. They differ, however, as to whether it persists in the human beyond birth. Early authors said 'yes' ( Crosby-1962 ); later authors say 'no' ( Moran-1995 ).
The other component of the complex is the vomeronasal nerve. The two are located in close proximity throughout much of their course, but arise from different parts of the nasal epithelium and connect to somewhat different areas in the brain. They are distinct from the olfactory nerve, which is found in both rodents and primates. (See also: olfactory nerve, accessory olfactory bulb, and vomeronasal organ.)
Nervus terminalis
terminal nerve
конечный нерв
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=34
refers to a triangular area on the ventral surface of the forebrain of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is a superficial feature, the floor of which is the olfactory tubercle (also known in the human as the anterior perforated substance). The peak of the triangle faces anteriorly and is formed by what early dissections suggested to be a split of the olfactory tract into medial and lateral olfactory tracts. Later studies showed that the fold of tissue presumed to be a medial olfactory tract did not, in fact, contain neuronal axons. The lateral structure is now recognized as the caudal continuation of the olfactory tract ( Price-1990 ).
olfactory trigone
Trigonum olfactorium
trigone olfactif
обонятельный треугольник
trigono olfattivo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=35
refers to the great fissure that separates the right from the left cerebral hemisphere. Defined by dissection, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat and the mouse ( NeuroNames ).
longitudinal fissure of hemisphere
Fissura longitudinalis magna
продольная щель головного мозга
longitudinal sulcus
interhemispheric fissure
fisur longitudinal
Fissura interhemispherica
scissura cerebrale longitudinale
medial longitudinal fissure
hemispheric sulcus
longitudinal fissure
scissura longitudinale interemisferica
продольная щель большого мозга
cisura cerebral longitudinal
Fissura longitudinalis cerebrales
sagittal fissure
Fissura longitudinalis cerebri
longitudinal cerebral fissure
cisura interhemisférica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=36
refers to the cleft that separates the corpus callosum from the cingulate gyrus; it opens into the longitudinal fissure on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. Defined on the basis of dissection, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). No comparable feature is shown in brain atlases of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
sillon péri-calleux
sulcus of corpus callosum
solco calloso
Sulcus corporis callosi
борозда мозолистого тела
callosal sulcus
cisura del cuerpo calloso
sulkus pada korpus kalosum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=37
refers to a vertical groove on the medial surface of the frontal lobe below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It defines the anterior boundary of the subcallosal area and is found only in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ).
anterior parolfactory sulcus
sillon subcalleux
paraolfactory sulcus
sillon para-olfactif antérieur
передняя околообонятельная борозда
Sulcus parolfactorius anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=38
refers to a vertical groove on the medial surface of the frontal lobe below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. Demonstrated by dissection, it separates the subcallosal area rostrally from the paraterminal gyrus (also known as the 'subcallosal gyrus'), caudally. It is found only in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ).
posterior parolfactory sulcus
sillon para-olfactif postérieur
Sulcus parolfactorius posterior
задняя околообонятельная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39
refers to the most prominent part of the endbrain as defined by dissection and Nissl stain. It derives developmentally from the cortical plate of the embryonic Encephalon. In the adult human its average volume (two hemispheres combined) is 550 cubic centimeters, and the total number of neurons is estimated at 23 billion. Its surface area in the adult is three times greater than at birth, and two thirds of the surface is hidden in the walls of the sulci ( Zilles-2012 ).
In the human ( Mai-2004 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ) it is divided by sulci and fissures into six lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, limbic lobe, and insula. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is a smooth structure.
In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it is one of three components of the cerebrum. The other two are the cortical subplate nuclei and the cerebral nuclei. This definition is the same as the classical definition, except that layer 6b is provisionally classified with the cortical plate nuclei, not with the cerebral cortex ( Swanson-2004 ).
The cerebral cortex of primates is classically subdivided topographically into lobes and gyri, on the basis of sulcal landmarks. In functional models it is subdivided into regions and areas of neocortex and allocortex on the basis of internal architecture ( Stephan-1975 ). While primates and rodents share almost no topographic landmarks, most of the architectonic areas of the rodent brain have equivalents in the primate brain. A number of architectonically defined areas of the primate brain, however, have no equivalent in the rodent. Those include particularly areas in prefrontal cortex and at the junction of the parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe of the primate.
korteks serebrum
кора большого мозга
Hirnrinde
плащ (переднего мозга)
cortical plate (areas)
cortical plate
graue Rinde
Hirnmantel
cortex cerebri
corteza cerebral
corteccia cerebrale
Cortex cerebralis
Cortex cerebri
Rinde
cortical plate (CTXpl)
graue Substanz des Cortex cerebri
Großhirnrinde
Kortex
Mantel
cerebral cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=40
refers to a superficial feature of the rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus where it "hooks around the hippocampal fissure to form a medially protruding convolution" on the anteromedial surface of the temporal lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the human, the underlying structures include the anterodorsal part of the entorhinal area rostrally and the portion of the hippocampus that bends back on itself caudally ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it is formed entirely by the hook portion of the hippocampus ( Paxinos-2009a ). Brain atlases of the rat and mouse show no equivalent feature.
pyriform area (Crosby)
uncus hippocampi
circunvolución uncinada
Haken
uncus
uncus
uncus
Uncus
uncus
unkus
Uncus hippocampi
крючок гиппокампа
gancho de la circunvolución del hipocampo
uncus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=41
refers, in the primate, to a groove on the ventromedial surface of the temporal lobe that separates the entorhinal area of the parahippocampal gyrus from more lateral structures. In the human it separates the entorhinal area of the parahippocampal gyrus from the fusiform gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors regard it to be an extension of the collateral sulcus in the human ( Mai-2004 ). In the macaque it separates the entorhinal area from the inferior temporal gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).
One of only four 'grooves' in the cerebral cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), it runs longitudinally on the ventrolateral surface, almost the entire length of the cortex. Caudally it separates the entorhinal area ventrally from the ectorhinal area dorsally. More rostrally, the perirhinal area intervenes between those two areas, and the rhinal sulcus runs within it. At about the anterior-posterior level of the hypothalamus, the ectorhinal area disappears and the sulcus separates the entorhinal area and the perirhinal area ventrally from the agranular insula dorsally. Rostrally from there, it runs within the agranular insular area and most rostrally it separates the piriform area ventrally from the agranular insular area dorsally ( Swanson-2004 ). A similar but less prominent, interrupted sulcus is found in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
surco rinal
sillon rhinal
rhinal fissure (Turner, Rezius)
rhinal fissure
Fissura rhinalis
solco rinale
Sulcus rhinalis
sulcus rhinalis
rhinal sulcus
sulkus rinal
носовая борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=42
refers to a deep cleft on the medial surface of the temporal lobe of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). In those species it separates the dentate gyrus from the parasubiculum and presubiculum of the parahippocampal gyrus and from the subiculum of the hippocampal formation. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it separates the dentate gyrus from the CA1 field of the hippocampal formation.
hippocampal sulcus
solco ippocampale
sulkus parahippokampal
uncal sulcus
sulcus hippocampalis
Sulcus hippocampi
борозда гиппокампа
hippocampal fissure (Gratiolet)
hippocampal fissure
гиппокампальная борозда
cisura del hipocampo
dentate fissure
fissura ippocampale
sillon de l'hippocampe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=43
refers to a deep longitudinal cleft separating the limbic lobe from the frontal lobe and rostral portion of the parietal lobe in primates. Defined by dissection, it parallels the genu of the corpus callosum and the body of the corpus callosum. In the human it separates the cingulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus dorsal to the body and rostral to the genu. Caudally it separates the cingulate gyrus from the paracentral lobule, finally curving upward to define the boundary between the lobule and the precuneus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
In the macaque also, it separates the cingulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus rostrally; continuing caudally it separates the cingulate from the medial surfaces of the precentral gyrus, the postcentral gyrus and the superior parietal lobule ( Martin-2000 ).
Comparable structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sillon cingulaire
cingulate fissure
callosomarginal sulcus
solco del cingolo
Sulcus callosomarginalis
callosomarginal fissure
calloso-marginal sulcus
solco cingolato
Sulcus cingulatus
cingulate sulcus
sulkus singulum
поясная борозда
cisura callosomarginal
Sulcus cinguli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=44
refers to a deep, internally complex fissure that opens onto the medial surface of the occipital lobe of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It separates the lingual gyrus ventrally from the cuneus and precuneus dorsally. In some cases it splits posteriorly into a dorsally curving superior calcarine sulcus and a ventrally curving inferior calcarine sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992; Martin-2000 ). Comparable structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Fissura calcarina
cisura calcarina
шпорная борозда
sillon calcarin
fisura calcarina
solco calcarino
sulkus kalkarin
calcarine sulcus
Sulcus calcarinus
calcarine fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=45
refers to a rostral extension of the calcarine sulcus on the medial surface of caudal cerebral cortex in the human ( Roberts-1970 ). In some cases the extension reaches the hippocampal fissure ( Duvernoy-1992 ), in which case it defines the boundary between the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus of the limbic lobe. While the calcarine sulcus of the macaque ordinarily extends equally far into the limbic lobe, the rostral portion is not named ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ). Comparable structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
anterior calcarine fissure
anterior calcarine sulcus
calcarine sulcus, anterior part
Sulcus calcarinus anterior
sillon antécalcarin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=47
refers to a groove that separates the lingual gyrus from the fusiform gyrus on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sillon occipitotemporal médial
sulcus collateralis
solco collaterale
cisura colateral
Sulcus collateralis
sillon collatéral
sulkus kolateral
collateral fissure
коллатеральная борозда
collateral sulcus
surco colateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=48
refers to the groove that separates the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
scissure de Rolando
scissura centrale
Sulcus centralis cerebri
sulkus sentral Rolando
sulcus centralis (Rolandi)
Sulcus centralis
Rolandic fissure
scissura di Rolando
solco centrale
центральная борозда
central fissure
sillon central
cisura central (de Rolando)
fissure of Rolando
Zentralfurche
Роландова борозда
central sulcus of Rolando
solco verticale
central sulcus
scissure centrale
sulcus centralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=49
refers to the major groove that separates the superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe rostrally and the parietal lobe caudally. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It overlies the insula, which is exposed by retraction of its dorsal and ventral walls.
In the human it is divided into the stem of the lateral fissure rostrally, the posterior limb of the lateral fissure (the central and major portion) and, at the caudal end, the terminal ascending limb of the lateral fissure and the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure. It has four side branches into the frontal lobe: the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure, the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure, and the anterior subcentral sulcus. It has one branch into the parietal lobe: the posterior subcentral sulcus; and one branch into the superior temporal gyrus: the transverse temporal sulcus ( Ono-1990 ).
In the macaque it is not subdivided and does not have side branches. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
lateral fissure of Sylvius
sulkus lateral
scissura di Silvio
scissura laterale
sulcus cerebri lateralis (Sylvii)
fissure of Sylvius
lateral sulcus
Sylvian fissure
fisur lateral Sylvius
solco laterale
scissure latérale
боковая борозда
латеральная борозда
Сильвиева борозда
Sulcus lateralis cerebri
sulkus lateral Sylvius
Fissura lateralis
lateral cerebral fissure
sillon latéral
Fissura lateralis cerebri
Sulcus lateralis
cisura lateral (de Silvio)
Sylvian sulcus
lateral fissure
scissure de Sylvius
solco orizzontale
Fissura lateralis cerebri (Sylvii)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=50
refers to the rostral surface of the junction between the insula and the temporal lobe in the human ( Ture-1999 ) and the macaque ( Mesulam-1982 ). More specifically, in the human it is the rostral surface of the junction of the anterior long gyrus of the insula with the piriform area of the parahippocampal gyrus. Identified by dissection, its medial border on the ventral surface of the brain is with the olfactory tubercle, which in primates is commonly referred to as the 'anterior perforated substance' ( Duvernoy-1992 ). The limen insula has no topological equivalent in the rat or mouse.
angulus gyri olfactorii lateralis
limen insula
limen insulae
Limen insulae
порог островка
угол латеральной обонятельной извилины
limen de la insula
Insel
Gyrus ambiens (Noback)
limen of the insula
limen insula
pliegue falciforme de la ínsula
limen insula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=51
refers to the boundary between the cortex of the insula and that of surrounding gyri of the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe. Equally well known as the 'circular sulcus', it is identified by dissection in higher primates.
In the human it has three parts: the anterior limiting sulcus, which separates the anterior insula from the basal operculum of the orbital gyri; the superior limiting sulcus, which separates the dorsal part of the insula from the frontal operculum and the parietal operculum; and the inferior limiting sulcus, which separates the insula ventrally from the superior temporal gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). The limiting sulcus of the macaque is similar except that it has no anterior component ( Mufson-1997 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
circular sulcus of insula
circular sulcus
Sulcus circularis insulae
круговая борозда островка (Рейля)
marginal sulcus of insula
limiting sulcus
circular sulcus of the insula
circular insular sulcus
sillon circulaire de l'insula
peri-insular sulcus
periinsular sulci
circuminsular sulcus
marginal insular sulcus
sulkus sirkular
Sulcus marginalis insulae
circular fissure
circular sulcus (of Reil)
circuminsular fissure
limiting fissure
реилевая борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=52
refers to the groove in the cerebral cortex that separates the precuneus of the parietal lobe from the cuneus of the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). In the macaque it merges with the intraparietal sulcus, and the lunate sulcus of the macaque on the dorsal surface of the brain ( Kappers-1960 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
parieto-occipital incisure
sulcus parietooccipitalis
parietooccipital sulcus
parieto-occipital sulcus
sulkus parieto-oksipital
Sulcus parietoccipitalis
Sulcus parietooccipitalis
Sulcus parieto-occipitalis
Sulcus parieto-occipitalis medialis
теменно-затылочная борозда
cisura parietooccipital
parieto-occipital fissure
scissure pariéto-occipitale
solco parieto-occipitale
Fissura parieto-occipitalis
предзатылочная вырезка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=53
refers to a small three-limbed groove located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Defined by dissection, it marks the four-way junction of the occipital lobe and parietal lobe with the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus ( limbic lobe ). It is equivalent to the lower part of the subparietal sulcus of the human ( Ono-1990 ). In the macaque the upper part is detached and only it is referred to as subparietal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
accessory parieto-occipital sulcus
medial parieto-occipital sulcus
Sulcus parieto-occipitalis anterior
anterior parieto-occipital sulcus
medial parieto-occipital fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=54
refers to a depression in the inferior margin of the cerebral cortex viewed from the side. It marks the boundary between the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe in the human ( Ono-1990 ).
The inferior occipital sulcus forms a similar depression in the inferior cortical margin of the macaque ( Martin 2000 ). It marks the boundary between the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe but is not ordinarily referred to as 'preoccipital notch'.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
incisure pré-occipitale
incisura parieto-occipitalis
scissure pré-occipitale
Incisura praeoccipitalis
предзатылочная вырезка
occipital notch
preoccipital notch
preoccipital incisura
preoccipital incisure
Incisura preoccipitalis
insisura praoccipitalis
incisura preoccipitale
incisure temporo-occipitale
scissure temporo-occipitale
escotadura preoccipital
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=55
refers to a groove on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe that marks the boundary between the inferior temporal gyrus and the fusiform gyrus. It is found in the human ( Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
lateral occipitotemporal sulcus
Sulcus occipitotemporalis
occipitotemporal sulcus
inferior temporal sulcus (Roberts)
sillon occipitotemporal latéral
inferior temporal fissure (Crosby)
inferior temporal sulcus (Szikla)
inferior temporal sulcus-2
third temporal sulcus
occipito-temporal sulcus
Sulcus temporalis inferior (Roberts)
затылочно-височная борозда
нижняя височная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56
refers to one of six divisions of the cerebral cortex defined by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). The most rostral of the lobes, it is separated from the parietal lobe by the central sulcus, from the temporal lobe by the lateral fissure, from the limbic lobe by the cingulate sulcus, and from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus.
In the human the frontal lobe is composed of two groups of gyri and seven individual gyri. The groups are the transverse frontopolar gyri and the orbital gyri. Individual gyri on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere include the superior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus; those on the mesial side of the hemisphere include part of the superior frontal gyrus, the superior rostral gyrus, the inferior rostral gyrus, and the straight gyrus.
The frontal lobe of the macaque is the same except that it lacks transverse frontopolar gyri, a superior rostral gyrus, and an inferior rostral gyrus.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
лобная доля
frontal lobe
lobe frontal
Stirnlappen
lobus frontal
lobo frontale
frontal cortex
Lobi frontales
Lobus frontalis
lóbulo frontal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=57
refers to the rostral tip of the cerebral cortex. It is a superficial feature found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the rat and mouse it refers to the tip of the portion of cerebral cortex that terminates dorsal to the olfactory bulb, which, in rodents, extends rostrally a few millimeters further. Some authors use the term in reference to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex at its rostral extreme ( see frontopolar area ).
pole frontal
Polus frontalis
polo frontal
Frontalpol
лобный полюс
kutub frontal
фронтальный полюс
frontal pole
polo frontale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=61
refers to a groove that parallels the longitudinal fissure on the dorsal surface of the frontal lobe. Separating the superior frontal gyrus from the middle frontal gyrus, it exists only in the human.
Some authors use the term 'sulcus frontalis superior' in reference to the posterior supraprincipal dimple of the macaque. They do not, however, regard that to be a homologous structure; the macaque does not have a superior frontal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). The superior frontal sulcus and the superior precentral sulcus of the human correspond to the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus of the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). And equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus frontalis primus
superior frontal sulcus
solco frontale superiore
sulcus f1
Sulcus frontalis superior
superior frontal fissure
cisura frontal superior
sillon frontal supérieur
sulkus frontal superior
верхняя лобная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=62
refers to a short groove embedded in the middle frontal gyrus of the human. Located rostral to the intermediate precentral sulcus, it runs parallel to the superior frontal sulcus above and the inferior frontal sulcus below ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque, and an equivalent structure is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
middle frontal fissure
intermediate frontal sulcus
sillon frontal moyen
solco frontale medio
middle frontal sulcus
Sulcus frontalis intermedius
Sulcus frontalis medius
Sulcus frontalis medius (Eberstaller)
средняя лобная извилина
sulcus f3
средняя лобная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=63
refers to a groove that parallels the lateral fissure on the lower lateral surface of the frontal lobe. Separating the middle frontal gyrus from the inferior frontal gyrus, it exists only in the human. It is not found in the macaque, and an equivalent structure is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sulcus f2
inferior frontal sulcus
нижняя лобная борозда
inferior frontal sulcus (human)
Sulcus frontalis secundus
Sulcus frontalis inferior
inferior frontal fissure
cisura frontal inferior
sillon frontal inférieur
sulkus frontal inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=64
refers to the upper, horizontal branch of the arcuate sulcus in the frontal lobe of the macaque. Defined by dissection, it separates the superior frontal gyrus from the middle frontal gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). It may be homologous to the superior frontal sulcus and superior precentral sulcus of the adult human. (See arcuate sulcus for details.) Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
horizontal arcuate sulcus
horizontal ramus of arcuate sulcus
superior limb of the arcuate sulcus
superior ramus of the arcuate sulcus
superior arcuate sulcus
Ramus superior sulcus arcuatus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=65
refers to the lower, diagonal branch of the arcuate sulcus in the frontal lobe of the macaque. Defined by dissection, it separates the precentral gyrus caudally from the inferior frontal gyrus rostrally ( Martin-2000 ). Architectonically it separates the premotor cortex caudally from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rostrally.
It may be homologous to the inferior precentral sulcus of the adult human ( See arcuate sulcus for details. ) Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
vertical ramus of arcuate sulcus
inferior arcuate sulcus
Ramus inferior sulcus arcuatus
inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus
vertical arcuate sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=66
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the macaque. Located on the dorsolateral surface, it is a horizontal groove extending toward the frontal pole from the angle of the arcuate sulcus ( Krieg-1975; Walker-1940 ). The adult human brain has no feature topologically equivalent to it ( Matelli-2004 ). While the <a href="http://www.wanprc.org/braininfo-images/human-fetal-brain.htm" TARGET="_BLANK">fetal cortex</a> of the 32-33 week human has such a feature, it is more likely homologous to the inferior frontal sulcus of the adult human ( Savel'ev-2005 ). It is not present in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or the mouse ( NeuroNames ).
inferior frontal sulcus (Walker)
Sulcus frontalis principalis
principal sulcus (macaque)
solco principale
Sulcus principalis
Sulcus frontalis
sulcus rectus (Walker)
rectus sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=67
refers to a branch from the lateral fissure into the inferior frontal gyrus of the human. Defined by dissection, it is embedded within the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990; Ture-1999 ). Some authors indicate that it separates the opercular part from the more caudal portion of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
diagonal sulcus
sulcus diagonalis
diagonal sulcus (human)
Sulcus diagonalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=68
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. It is a branch from the lateral fissure that separates the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus from the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the human ( Ono-1990 ). It is identified by dissection, Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
ascending ramus of Sylvian fissure
superior branch of lateral fissure
middle ramus of lateral fissure
anterior ascending limb of lateral fissure
anterior ascending ramus of lateral sulcus
Ramus verticalis fissurae sylvii
Ramus ascendens sulcus lateralis
Sulcus lateralis, ramus ascendens
anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure
rameau vertical de la scissure latérale
восходящая ветвь латеральной борозды (Сильвиевой)
ascending branch of lateral sulcus
ramus ascendens sulci cerebri lateralis (Sylvii)
Ramus anterior ascendens fissurae lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=69
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. It is a branch from the lateral fissure that separates the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus from the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the human ( Ono-1990 ). It is identified by dissection, Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
передняя ветвь латеральной борозды
anterior branch of lateral sulcus
rameau horizontal de la scissure latérale
Ramus anterior horizontalis sulcus lateralis
anterior horizontal limb of lateral fissure
anterior horizontal ramus of lateral fissure
ramus anterior (horizontal) sulkus lateral
Sulcus lateralis, ramus anterior
Ramus anterior sulcus lateralis
horizontal limb of lateral fissure
horizontal ramus of Sylvian fissure
Ramus horizontalis fissurae sylvii
anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=70
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. Located on the medial surface, it separates the paracentral lobule caudally from the superior frontal gyrus rostrally. In some cases it is continuous with the superior precentral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection, it is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus paracentralis
paracentral sulcus
Sulcus subcentralis medialis
околоцентральная борозда
sillon paracentral
cisura paracentral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=71
refers to a superficial feature identified by dissection in the frontal lobe. It is located on the dorsal surface and, in the human, separates the precentral gyrus caudally from the superior frontal gyrus and the upper part of the middle frontal gyrus rostrally ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
It should not be confused with the superior precentral dimple of the macaque. Sometimes referred to as a sulcus ( Szabo-1984 ), the dimple is a very short horizontal groove embedded in the precentral gyrus of that species ( Paxinos-2009a ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.
sillon précentral supérieur
Sulcus praecentralis superior
superior precentral sulcus
superior part of precentral fissure
верхняя предцентральная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=72
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. Identified by dissection, it is a short groove located on the lateral surface, rostral and parallel to the central sulcus. It separates the precentral gyrus from the lower part of the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus praecentralis inferior
sillon précentral inférieur
нижняя предцентральная борозда
inferior part of precentral fissure
Sulcus precentralis inferior
inferior precentral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=73
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe in the human. Identified by dissection, it is a branch from the lateral fissure into the precentral gyrus, caudal to the diagonal sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus subcentralis anterior
anterior subcentral sulcus
sillon subcentral antérieur
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=74
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe in humans that have two sulci dorsal and parallel to the straight gyrus. The more ventral is the rostral sulcus; this is the more dorsal ( Vogt-1995 ). It is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
superior rostral sulcus
Sulcus rostralis superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=76
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe identified by dissection. In the human it is a horizontal groove on the lower medial surface that separates the straight gyrus below from the inferior rostral gyrus above ( Mai-1997 ); in brains that have parallel sulci dorsal to the straight gyrus, it is called the inferior rostral sulcus ( Vogt-1995 ). In the macaque, which does not have an inferior rostral gyrus or a superior rostral gyrus, it separates the straight gyrus from the anterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
rostral sulcus
sulcus rectus
sillon rostralis
прямая борозда
sillon susorbitaire
inferior rostral sulcus
Sulcus rostralis inferior
Sulcus rectus (Krieg)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=77
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe identified by dissection. Found in about half of human brains, it is a groove located low on the lateral surface of the lobe, where it parallels the ventral surface of the orbital gyri ( Ono-1990 ). In the macaque it is a short sloping groove embedded rostrally in the inferior frontal gyrus at its margin with the orbital gyri ( Martin-2000 ). Some macaques lack a sulcus but have an infraprincipal dimple between the principal sulcus and the lower margin of the frontal lobe at about the same anterior-posterior level. Equivalent structures to not appear in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.
Sulcus front-orbitalis
orbito-frontal sulcus
fronto-orbital sulcus
Sulcus fronto-orbitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=78
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe. Defined by dissection it is a deep groove on the ventral surface that overlies the olfactory bulb and and olfactory tract. It separates the straight gyrus on the medial margin of the lobe from the medial orbital gyrus. It is found in the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). An equivalent structure does not appear in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
обонятельная борозда
olfactory sulcus
solco olfattivo
sillon olfactif
sillon orbitaire médial
Sulcus olfactorius
surco olfatorio
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=79
refers to superficial features of the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it is an H-shaped complex of intersecting grooves all of which are called simply 'orbital sulcus' ( Mai-1997; Ono-1990 ). Some authors refer to the groove forming the crossbar of the H as the transverse orbital sulcus ( Szikla-1977 ). The convolution between the legs of the H caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus is the posterior orbital gyrus; that rostral to the crossbar is the lateral orbital gyrus. About 60% of humans have an unnamed sulcus extending from the transverse orbital sulcus rostrally toward the frontal pole ( Ono-1990 ). When that is present it adds an intermediate orbital gyrus to the lateral orbital gyrus rostral to the transverse sulcus. The convolution medial to the H is the straight gyrus; that lateral to the H is the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ).
In the macaque the ventral surface of the frontal lobe has two sulci, which correspond to the legs of the H in the human: the medial orbital sulcus and the lateral orbital sulcus. The convolution between them is the lateral orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Some have an intermediate orbital sulcus located between and parallel to the medial and lateral sulci ( Paxinos-2009a ). As in the human, the convolution medial to the medial orbital sulcus is the straight gyrus. The convolution lateral to it is the fronto-orbital gyrus. The macaque does not have a transverse orbital sulcus ( NeuroNames ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulci orbitales
orbital sulcus
sillon orbitaire en H
sulkus-sulkus orbital
глазничные борозды
orbital sulci
Sulcus orbitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=80
refers to a superficial feature of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe in the human. Identified by dissection, it is a groove that forms the crossbar of the H-shaped orbital sulci ( Szikla-1977 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sillon orbitaire arqué
transverse orbital sulcus (human)
sillon orbitaire transverse
Sulcus orbitalis transversus
transverse orbital sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=81
refers to a superficial feature identified by dissection on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it constitutes the lateral leg of the H-shaped orbital sulci. It separates the lateral orbital gyrus from the (more medial) posterior orbital gyrus, which lies caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus. Rostral to the transverse orbital sulcus, it separates the lateral orbital gyrus from the (more lateral) orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it separates the lateral orbital gyrus from the fronto-orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus orbitalis lateralis
lateral orbital sulcus
sillon orbitaire latéral
Sulcus orbitalis externus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=82
refers to a superficial feature identified by dissection on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it constitutes the medial leg of the H-shaped orbital sulci. There it separates the medial orbital gyrus from the posterior orbital gyrus caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus and from the intermediate orbital gyrus or lateral orbital gyrus rostral to that sulcus ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it separates the medial orbital gyrus from the lateral orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus orbitalis medialis
medial orbital sulcus
Sulcus orbitalis internus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=83
refers to the convolution of the frontal lobe that is located on the dorsal surface facing the longitudinal fissure. In the human it is bounded caudally by the precentral gyrus, from which it is separated by the superior precentral sulcus; it extends rostrally to the superior frontopolar gyrus. On the medial surface it is separated from the anterior cingulate gyrus by the cingulate sulcus. On the dorsolateral surface it is separated from the middle frontal gyrus by the superior frontal sulcus ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it extends from the spur of the arcuate sulcus to the frontal pole. The dorsolateral and medial boundaries are the same as in the human, except for a short ill-defined boundary with the straight gyrus where the cingulate sulcus ends short of the frontal pole ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
girus frontalis superior
Gyrus F1
marginal gyrus
верхняя лобная извилина
gyrus frontal supérieur
girus frontal superior
giro frontale superiore
Gyrus frontalis primus
верхняя фронтальная извилина
superior frontal convolution
Gyrus frontalis superior
superior frontal gyrus
circonvolution frontale superieure
circunvolución frontal superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=84
refers to a convolution of the frontal lobe identified by dissection. In the human it is located on the dorsolateral surface between the superior frontal sulcus, which separates it from the superior frontal gyrus, and the inferior frontal sulcus, which separates it from the inferior frontal gyrus caudally; the frontomarginal sulcus separates it from the frontomarginal gyrus rostrally.Caudally it is separated from the precentral gyrus by the precentral sulcus. In the macaque it extends from the angle of the arcuate sulcus to the frontal pole; it is bounded by the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus dorsally and by the principal sulcus ventrally.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
circonvolution frontale moyenne
Gyrus frontalis secundus
Gyrus F2
circunvolución frontal media
Gyrus frontalis medialis (Winters)
Gyrus frontalis medius
intermediate frontal gyrus
gyrus frontal moyen
giro frontale medio
medial frontal gyrus (Mai)
middle frontal gyrus
girus frontal tengah
срединная фронтальная извилина
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85
refers to a convolution of the frontal lobe identified by dissection. In the human it is located on the lateral surface between the inferior frontal sulcus, which separates it from the middle frontal gyrus, and the lateral fissure, which separates it from the superior temporal gyrus and insula. Caudally it is separated from the precentral gyrus by the inferior precentral sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). It extends rostrally to the orbital gyri.
In the macaque it extends from the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus to the frontal pole; it is defined by the principal sulcus, which separates it from the middle frontal gyrus dorsally and by an arbitrary boundary with the fronto-orbital gyrus ventrally.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
inferior frontal convolution
giro frontale inferiore
нижняя лобная извилина
gyrus frontal inférieur
Gyrus frontalis inferior
Gyrus F3
Regio subfrontalis
inferior frontal gyrus
girus frontal inferior
нижняя фронтальная извилина
Gyrus frontalis tertius
circunvolución frontal inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=86
N/A
треугольная часть нижней лобной извилины
треугольная часть нижней фронтальной извилины
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=89
refers to the convolution of cerebral cortex immediately rostral to the central sulcus in humans ( Carpenter-1983 ) and macaques ( Martin-2000 ). Defined by dissection, it is located at the caudal extreme of the frontal lobe. In the human it is variably bounded rostrally by the superior precentral sulcus, the intermediate precentral sulcus and the inferior precentral sulcus; it is bounded on the mesial surface of the hemisphere by the cingulate sulcus. Ventrolaterally it is bounded by the lateral fissure and forms a lip over the insula known as the precentral operculum.
The boundaries in the macaque are similar except that the rostral border is partially defined by the spur of the arcuate sulcus and the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus. It occupies a much larger proportion of the frontal lobe in the macaque than in the human.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.
передняя центральная извилина
Gyrus precentralis
circonvolution frontale ascendante
gyrus précentral
circunvolución precentral
circunvolución frontal ascendente
precentral convolution
motor cortex (Noback)
prerolandic gyrus
precentral gyrus
Gyrus praecentralis
Gyrus centralis anterior
anterior central gyrus
girus presentral
giro precentrale
предцентральная извилина
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=90
refers to a convolution of the frontal lobe identified by dissection in the macaque. The most lateral of the orbital gyri, it is separated from the lateral orbital gyrus by the lateral orbital sulcus. It wraps around the lateral margin of the lobe, where it is separated from the inferior frontal gyrus by an arbitrary boundary. It extends from the frontal pole to the insula on the ventral surface and to the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus on the lateral surface ( Martin-2000 ). It may be equivalent to the frontomarginal gyrus of the human ( NeuroNames ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.
fronto-orbital gyrus
Gyrus fronto-orbitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91
refers to a set of convolutions on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe in primates. It is defined on the basis of topology ( Nomina-1983 ). In the human it consists of the medial orbital gyrus, the intermediate orbital gyrus, the lateral orbital gyrus, the frontomarginal gyrus, and the posterior orbital gyrus ( Mai-1997 ).
In the macaque it consists of the medial orbital gyrus, lateral orbital gyrus and even more lateral fronto-orbital gyrus ( Krieg-1975 ). For segmentation of this region on the basis of internal architecture see orbitomedial prefrontal cortex.
For comparable areas in the rat and mouse, see orbital areas (rodent).
orbitofrontal gyri
orbital cortex
giri orbitali
orbital gyri
orbitofrontal region
Gyrus orbitofrontalis
orbitofrontal gyrus
Gyri orbitales
gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis
продольная глазничная извилина
Gyrus orbitalis
глазничная часть
circunvoluciones orbitarias
orbital area
orbitofrontal cortex
orbitofrontaler Kortex
Cortex orbitofrontalis
глазничные извилины
girus orbital
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=92
refers to a convolution identified by dissection on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it is located between the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus laterally and from the intermediate orbital gyrus or the medial orbital gyrus medially. Its boundaries with those gyri are defined by orbital sulci. Rostrally it merges with the frontomarginal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ).
In the macaque it extends from the frontal pole to the olfactory tubercle. The lateral orbital sulcus separates it from the fronto-orbital gyrus, and the medial orbital sulcus separates it from the medial orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent features are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
gyrus orbitaire latéral
латеральная обонятельная извилины
наружная продольная глазничная извилина
lateral orbital gyrus
gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis externus
Gyrus orbitalis lateralis
наружная глазничная продольная извилина
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=93
refers to a convolution identified by dissection on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it is located between the intermediate orbital gyrus laterally and the straight gyrus medially. Its medial boundary is defined by the olfactory sulcus, its lateral boundary by orbital sulci. Rostrally it merges with the frontomarginal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ).
In the macaque it extends from the frontal pole to the olfactory tubercle. The medial orbital sulcus separates it from the lateral orbital gyrus, and as in the human, the olfactory sulcus separates it from the straight gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent features are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus orbitalis medius
gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis internus
медиальная обонятельная извилина
внутренняя продольная глазничная извилина
внутренняя глазничная продольная извилина
medial orbital gyrus
gyrus orbitaire médial
Gyrus orbitalis medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=94
refers to a convolution identified by dissection at the ventromedial margin of the frontal lobe. In the human it is located between the inferior rostral gyrus on the medial surface of the lobe and the medial orbital gyrus on the ventral surface. Its boundary on the medial surface is defined by the rostral sulcus and its boundary on the ventral surface by the olfactory sulcus. It extends from the frontal pole to the level of the anterior olfactory nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).
In the macaque its medial and ventral boundaries are the same as in the human, and it extends from the frontal pole to the level of the olfactory tubercle ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
medial part of gyri orbitales
straight gyrus
gyrus rectus
giro retto
rectal gyrus
gyrus rectus
circunvolución orbitaria interna
rectus gyrus
ventromedial gyrus
girus rektus
Gyrus rectus
прямая извилина
circunvolución recta
gyrus rectus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95
refers to one of six divisions of the cerebral cortex defined by dissection in the human ( Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is located between the frontal lobe, from which, it is separated by the central sulcus, and the occipital lobe from which it is separated by an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin. On the medial surface it is bounded by the cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe, from which it is separated by the cingulate sulcus. On the lateral surface it is bounded ventrally by the temporal lobe, from which it is separated partially by the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure with a horizontal extension to the occipital lobe boundary.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
parietal cortex
lobe pariétal
parietal lobe
lóbulo parietal
parietal region
Scheitellappen
lobus parietal
Parietallappen
Lobus parietalis
теменная доля
lobo parietale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=96
N/A
parietal operculum
opérculo parietal
opercule pariétal
opercolo parietale
Operculum parietale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=97
refers to a very deep fissure that separates the superior parietal lobule from the inferior parietal lobule of the primate. It is defined by dissection. In the human it separates the superior parietal lobule from part of the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule and from all of the angular gyrus of that lobule ( Duvernoy-1992 ). In the macaque it separates only the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule from the superior parietal lobule ( Martin-2000 ).
In both species the sulcus extends deep into the folds of cerebral cortex, splitting at some levels to form one or two small convolutions that are not visible from outside the brain. In the human, small unnamed convolutions arise variably from the superior parietal lobule, the angular gyrus, or the middle occipital gyrus to form gyri in the lateral wall or floor of the sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ). This complex intracortical pattern can extend from the origin of the sulcus at the boundary of the superior parietal lobule with the postcentral gyrus almost to the occipital pole ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
In the macaque, the hidden portion of the sulcus has been called the 'simian fossa'. It contains a single buried convolution, the annectant gyrus, which arises from the supramarginal gyrus laterally and, medially, is continuous with the wall of the superior parietal lobule. Proceeding caudally, the sulcus ends in junction with the lunate sulcus of the macaque at the rostrodorsal border of the occipital lobe. There a part of the annectant gyrus may split off to form the floor of the lunate sulcus of the macaque, while the main part, surrounded on three sides by intraparietal sulcus, dives beneath the fused cortex of the occipital gyrus dorsolaterally and cuneus dorsally and medially. Further caudally, the sulcus may open onto the longitudinal fissure, exposing a bit of the annectant gyrus through the cuneus on the medial surface of the occipital lobe. The annectant gyrus and an equal segment of occipital gyrus fuse their ends around a horizontal oval of intraparietal sulcus and detach from the overlying cortex to form a flattened tube that continues a few millimeters caudally in occipital white matter ( Martin-2000; Dubach-2008 ). In the rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ), the portion of the annectant gyrus that joins the lunate sulcus of the macaque follows a similar course ( Paxinos-2009a; Dubach-2008 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sillion interpariétal
sulcus intrapariétal
interparietal fissure
Affenspaltgrube
intraparietal sulcus
sulcus interparietalis
cisura intraparietal
Sulcus intraparietalis
внутритеменная борозда
intraparietal fissure
sulkus intraparietal
simian fossa
Fossa simiarum
solco intraparietale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=98
refers to a superficial feature of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere found in the human and, though not ordinarily named, in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) ( Krieg-1975; Dubach-2008; Paxinos-2009a ). It is a caudal extension of the cingulate sulcus where the sulcus bends from horizontal to vertical and continues to the dorsal margin of the hemisphere. In the human it serves as the caudal boundary of the paracentral lobule with the precuneus ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the macaque it separates the superior parietal lobule from the precuneus ( Dubach-2008 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus
pars marginalis sulci cinguli
marginal sulcus
marginal branch of cingulate sulcus
rama marginal
segment marginal du sillon cingulaire
solco marginale
ramo marginale
краевая часть поясной борозды
Ramus marginalis sulci cingulati
маргинальная часть поясной извилины
cisura marginal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=99
refers to a superficial feature of the lateral surface of the parietal lobe identified by dissection. In the human it is located caudal and parallel to the central sulcus, it is continuous in about half of cases and discontinuous with 2 or 3 segments in half. Dorsally it separates the postcentral gyrus from the superior parietal lobule, ventrally from the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule ( Ono-1990 ).
In the macaque it is a short sulcus located on the dorsolateral surface of the lobe, where it partially separates the postcentral gyrus from the superior parietal lobule ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent features are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
postcentral sulcus
Sulcus postcentralis superior
постцентральная борозда
postcentral fissure-1
cisura poscentral
Sulcus postcentralis
sulkus pascasentral
postcentral dimple
superior postcentral sulcus
postcentral fissure of cerebral hemisphere
sillon postcentral superieur
solco postcentrale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=101
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. It is a short branch that extends from the lateral fissure into the postcentral gyrus ( Ono-1990 ). It is identified by dissection, Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sillon subcentral postérieur
нижняя постцентральная борозда
inferior postcentral sulcus
Sulcus postcentralis inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=102
refers to a superficial feature of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere identified by dissection. In the human it is a complex branching sulcus located at the junction of the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the limbic lobe ( Ono-1990 ) In the macaque it is a composite sulcus consisting of two parts, only one of which bears the name subparietal sulcus. That is the upper component, which defines partially the boundary between the posterior cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe and the precuneus of the parietal lobe. The component below is the medial parieto-occipital sulcus, which is located at the junction of the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the limbic lobe ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
подтеменная борозда
splenial sulcus
sillon subpariétal
Sulcus subparietalis
suprasplenial sulcus
subparietal sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=103
refers to a superficial feature of the parietal lobe in the human. Identified by dissection, it is a branch from the lateral fissure into the postcentral gyrus between the central sulcus and the postcentral sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
posterior subcentral sulcus
Sulcus subcentralis posterior
sillon subcentral postérieur
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=104
refers to one of two branches of the lateral fissure at its posterior terminus identified by dissection in the human. The other is the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ) or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
terminal ascending limb of the lateral fissure
posterior ascending limb of lateral fissure
posterior ascending limb of the lateral sulcus (human)
segment postérieur de la scissure latérale
terminal ascending limb of sylvian fissure
ascending terminal ramus of Sylvian fissure
Ramus posterior ascendens fissurae lateralis
Sulcus lateralis, ramus posterior
scissure latérale, segment postérieur
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=105
refers to the convolution of cerebral cortex immediately caudal to the central sulcus, which separates it from the precentral gyrus in humans ( Carpenter-1983 ) and macaques ( Martin-2000 ). Defined by dissection, it is located at the rostral extreme of the parietal lobe. In the human it is bounded caudally by the superior parietal lobule dorsally and the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule ventrally. It is separated from those structures on the lateral surface of the hemisphere by the postcentral sulcus, which in about half of cases is a discontinuous sulcus with two or three segments ( Ono-1990 ). On the mesial surface of the hemisphere it is bounded rostrally by extrapolation of the central sulcus across the dorsal margin onto the mesial surface and caudally by extrapolation of the postcentral sulcus onto the mesial surface; it is separated from the cingulate gyrus by the cingulate sulcus. Ventrally on the lateral surface it is separated from the superior temporal gyrus by the lateral fissure. It forms a lip over the insula known as the parietal operculum. A short branch of the fissure, the posterior subcentral sulcus projects into the operculum.
The boundaries in the macaque are similar except that the caudal border is only partially defined on the dorsal surface by a short postcentral sulcus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.
postcentral convolution
circonvolution pariétal ascendante
circunvolución posrolándica
gyrus postcentral
Gyrus centralis posterior
postrolandic gyrus
posterior central gyrus
post central gyrus
postcentral gyrus
girus pascasentral
circunvolución poscentral
circunvolución postcentralis
giro postcentrale
giro post-centrale
постцентральная извилина
circunvolución parietal ascendente
Gyrus postcentralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=106
refers to one of four subdivisions of the parietal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the dorsal margin of the cerebral hemisphere, it is, in the human, separated rostrally from the postcentral gyrus by the postcentral sulcus and a line extending from the upper end of that sulcus over the margin of the cerebral hemisphere to the cingulate sulcus, which separates it from the cingulate gyrus. Thus, it includes the caudal portion of the paracentral lobule. Caudally its boundary with the occipital lobe is an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin.. Its boundary on the dorsolateral surface of the hemisphere is the intraparietal sulcus, which separates it from the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule. The other three parts of the parietal lobe are the inferior parietal lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and the precuneus.
The boundaries in the macaque are the same except that the rostral border with the postcentral gyrus is only partially defined by a very short postcentral sulcus on the dorsolateral surface of the hemisphere. On the medial surface of the hemisphere the cingulate sulcus separates it from the precuneus, and its caudal boundary is marked by the parieto-occipital sulcus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
lóbulo parietal superior
superior parietal lobule
lobul parietal superior
lobulo parietale superiore
Lobulus parietalis superior
Gyrus parietalis superior
girus parietal superior
superior parietal gyrus
верхняя извилина париетальной доли
superior portion of parietal gyrus
верхняя теменная долька
gyrus pariétal supérieure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107
refers to one of four subdivisions of the parietal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983; Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It has two components, the more rostral supramarginal gyrus and more caudal angular gyrus. Located on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, it is, in the human, separated rostrally from the postcentral gyrus by the postcentral sulcus. Dorsally it is separated from the superior parietal lobule by the intraparietal sulcus. Caudally its boundary with the occipital lobe is an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin.. For its borders on the ventrolateral surface of the hemisphere see descriptions of its subdivisions, the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus. The other three parts of the parietal lobe are the superior parietal lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and the precuneus.
The boundaries in the macaque are the same except that the rostral border with the postcentral gyrus, a vertical line from the rostral tip of the intraparietal sulcus to the lateral fissure, is unmarked by anatomical feature. Its caudal boundary with the occipital lobe is defined by the lunate sulcus of the macaque. ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
inferior parietal lobule
lobul parietal inferior
lobulo parietale inferiore
inferior portion of parietal gyrus
нижняя теменная долька
inferior parietal gyrus
нижняя извилина париетальной доли
subparietal lobule
gyrus pariétal inférieur
Lobulus parietalis inferior
subparietal district
circonvolucion pariétal inférieure
opercule pariétal
lóbulo parietal inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=108
refers to the more rostral of two subdivisions of the inferior parietal lobule identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). In the human it is separated rostrally from the postcentral gyrus by the postcentral sulcus. Dorsally its border with the superior parietal lobule is marked by the intraparietal sulcus. Ventrally it surrounds the termination of the lateral fissure, which provides its boundary with the superior temporal gyrus rostral to the fissure. Its ventrocaudal border with the superior temporal gyrus is an ill-defined line that connects the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure horizontally to the rostral boundary of the occipital lobe ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
The boundaries in the macaque are the same except that the rostral border with the postcentral gyrus, a vertical line from the rostral tip of the intraparietal sulcus to the lateral fissure, is unmarked by anatomical feature. And it does not surround the termination of the lateral fissure, so its caudal boundary with the angular gyrus is marked by the superior temporal sulcus and the parieto-occipital sulcus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
gyrus supramarginal
Gyrus supramarginalis
надкраевая извилина
circunvolución supramarginal
anterior part of inferior parietal lobule
inferior parietal lobule (Krieg)
girus supramarginal
lóbulo del pliegue curvo
supramarginal gyrus
giro sopramarginale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=109
refers to the more posterior of two subdivisions of the inferior parietal lobule identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). In the human it is partially separated from the more rostral supramarginal gyrus by the primary intermediate sulcus. Ventrally it surrounds the termination of the the superior temporal sulcus. Caudally its boundary with the occipital lobe is an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin. Its ventral border with the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus is an ill-defined horizontal line that connects the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure to the rostral boundary of the occipital lobe ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
The boundaries in the macaque are somewhat different. It does not surround the termination of the superior temporal sulcus but lies caudal to it. Thus, it is separated from the supramarginal gyrus rostrally by the superior temporal sulcus. It is separated from the occipital lobe caudally by the lunate sulcus of the macaque. Its ventrolateral border is marked by the inferior occipital sulcus, which separates it from the inferior occipital gyrus. A vertical line from the rostral tip of the inferior occipital sulcus to the lateral fissure marks its ill-defined rostral border with the middle temporal gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
middle part of inferior parietal lobule
circonvolution préoccipitale
prelunate gyrus
angular gyrus
pli courbe
pliegue curvo
Gyrus parietalis inferior
giro angolare
угловая извилина
girus angular
circunvolución angular
preoccipital gyrus
gyrus angulaire
Gyrus angularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=110
refers to one of four subdivisions of the parietal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983; Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the mesial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, it is separated from the postcentral gyrus rostrally by a vertical extension of the cingulate sulcus, the marginal sulcus. Below the cingulate sulcus, it is separated from the posterior cingulate gyrus by the subparietal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Dorsally it meets the superior parietal lobule at the margin of the hemisphere. Caudally its boundary with the cuneus of the occipital lobe is marked by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Its most caudal and ventral boundaries with the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the cuneus are unmarked by anatomical features. The other three parts of the parietal lobe are the postcentral gyrus, the superior parietal lobule, and the inferior parietal lobule.
The boundaries in the macaque are the same except that the superior parietal lobule extends onto the mesial surface of the hemisphere where the precuneus is partially separated from it by the cingulate sulcus; and its rostral boundary, largely unmarked by anatomical features, is with the posterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Vorkeil
precuneus
medial area of the superior parietal cortex
Precuneus
quadrate lobule
Praecuneus
precuneo
precuneate lobule
precuneus
precuneus
предклинье
precuña
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111
refers to a small but highly important island of cerebral cortex located deep in the lateral fissure of primates. Its overall shape, as identified by dissection in the human, is that of a pyramid with an insular apex directed laterally and a triangular base adherent to the extreme capsule in a roughly vertical plane.
The boundaries of the insula are defined largely by the limiting sulcus. In the human it is separated from the superior temporal gyrus by the inferior limiting sulcus; separated from the rostral parietal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus by the superior limiting sulcus; and from part of the orbital gyri by the anterior limiting sulcus.The portions of the lobes that cover it are, correspondingly, the temporal operculum, the parietal operculum and the frontal operculum. The remaining rostral boundary of the insula is less distinct. Its rostrolateral junction with the temporal lobe is with the piriform area in the limen insula, and its rostromedial junction with the frontal lobe is through the transverse insular gyrus to the orbital gyri.
Topologically the insula of the human consists of two parts separated by the central insular sulcus: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior_insula composed of the long insular gyri ( Ture-1999 ). In adult humans the insula of the left hemisphere is larger than that of the right ( Bamiou-2003 ).
In macaques the relation of the insula to surrounding lobes is the same as in the human. The human insula, however, is further subdivided into seven or eight gyri, while that of the macaque is smooth except for the orbitoinsular sulcus. This small sulcus is found near the boundary of the insula with the orbital gyri and is not seen in the human ( Mufson-1997 ). The insula does not exist as a topological structure in rodents ( NeuroNames ). The most complex insula is found in cetaceans, such as the dolphin ( Mesulam-1984 ).
The human insula's many sulcal landmarks have little relation to its internal structure. Architectonically it is segmented according to two different schemes: a three part scheme of granular insula, dysgranular insula and agranular insula ( Mesulam-1982; Zilles-2012 ) and an earlier four part scheme in which the dysgranular insula is divided into a more granular dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) and a more agranular insular cortex (Roberts) ( Roberts-1963; Roberts-1970; Paxinos-2009a ).
The areas of cerebral cortex in the rodent that are architectonically equivalent to the primate insula are the agranular insular area, the dysgranular insula ( gustatory cortex of the rodent), and the granular insula ( visceral cortex of the rodent ).
The insula is involved in the integration of many sensorimotor, socioemotional, and cognitive functions including gustation, visceral sensations and olfaction ( Fig. 3 in Kurth-2010b ); somatosensation (touch, pressure, temperature, etc.), as well as pain ( Fig. 4 in Kurth-2010b ); and attention, language, speech, and two forms of memory ( Fig. 5 in Kurth-2010b ).
insula lobule
insular region
Inselrinde
insula
morphological insula
corteccia dell'insula
островковая доля
corteza de la insula
lóbulo insular
lobus central
cortex of island
insula
Cortex insularis
insula cerebri
island of Reil
insular gyrus
Insel
lobo insulare
кора островка
островок
lóbulo de la insula
insulary cortex
insular lobe
corteccia insulare
insula of Reil
Insula Reilii
Lobus insularis
corteza insular
central lobe
insular cortex
insula
корковое вещество островка
insula
Insula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=112
refers to the sulcus that separates the posterior short gyrus of the anterior insula from the anterior long gyrus of the long insular gyri. Identified by dissection it is found in 90% of human hemispheres. Though present in the baboon, it is not found in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
Fissura centralis insulae
Sulcus centralis insulae
central fissure of insula
central fissure of island
central insula sulcus
central insular sulcus
sillon central de l'insula
central sulcus of the insula
центральная борозда островка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=113
refers to the sulcus identified by dissection that separates the anterior long gyrus of the insula from the posterior long gyrus in the human. It is well defined in only 44% of hemispheres, Interrupted in 18% and shallow or absent in the remainder ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
longitudinal insular sulcus
Sulcus longitudinalis insulae
postcentral insular sulcus
postcentral sulcus of island
longitudinal sulcus of the insula (human)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=114
refers to s branch of the inferior limiting sulcus of of the insula in the human. It is embedded in the posterior long gyrus ( Mufson-1997 ). We have found it named in only the one source.
posterior marginal sulcus (human)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=115
refers to three convolutions located in the anterior insula of the human. Identified by dissection they include the anterior short gyrus, the middle short gyrus, and the posterior short gyrus. They are separated from the long insular gyri by the central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). The short insular gyri are not found in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ),
short insular gyri
short gyri of insula
principal insular short gyri
gyrus insulaires courts
Gyri breves insulae
circunvoluciones cortas de la ínsula
lobus insulae anterior
передняя доля островка
short insular gyri (human)
giro insulare breve
короткие извилины островка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=116
refers to one of three short insular gyri identified by dissection in the human. It is bounded rostrally by the anterior limiting sulcus and caudally by the short insular sulcus, which separates it from the middle short gyrus of the insula. The third gyrus is the posterior short gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). The short insular gyri are not found in macaques or rodents.
anterior short insular gyrus
anterior short gyrus
Gyrus brevis I
first short gyrus (human)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=117
refers to one of three short insular gyri identified by dissection in the human . It is separated from the middle short gyrus by the precentral insular sulcus and caudally from the anterior long gyrus by the central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). The third short gyrus is the anterior short gyrus. The insular gyri do not exist as topological fieatures in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
posterior short gyrus
second short gyrus (human)
second short gyrus
Gyrus brevis II
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=118
refers to the least developed of three short insular gyri identified by dissection in the anterior insula of the human. The short insular sulcus separates it from the anterior short gyrus rostrally and the precentral insular sulcus separates it from the posterior short gyrus caudally ( Ture-1999 ). The insular gyri do not exist as topological fieatures in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
intermediate short gyrus (human)
middle short gyrus
Gyrus brevis intermedius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=119
refers to a convolution variably present in the anterior insula of the human. It is identified by dissection. When present it is located between the posterior short gyrus and the central insular sulcus. It is not found in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus precentralis insulae
precentral gyrus of the insula (human)
precentral gyrus of island
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=120
refers to a composite cortical structure consisting of two gyri located ventrocaudally in the insula of the human. Also known as the posterior insula, this combination of gyri is identified by dissection. It includes the anterior long gyrus and the posterior long gyrus. The two are separated from the short insular gyri of the anterior insula by the central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Some authors consider the long insular gyri to be a single gyrus ( Roberts-1970 ). The insular gyri do not exist in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
long gyrus of insula
giro insulare lungo
Gyri centrales posterior
Gyri longus insulae
Gyrus longus insulae
длинная извилина островка
длинные извилины островка
long insular gyri
Gyri longi
circunvoluciones largas de la ínsula
posterior insular cortex
gyrus insulaires longs
lobus insulae posterior
posterior insula
long insular gyri (human)
задняя доля островка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=121
refers to one of two long insular gyri in the posterior part of the human insula. Identified by dissection its rostrodorsal boundary is the central insular sulcus. It is separated, sometimes only partially, from the posterior long gyrus by the postcentral insular sulcus ( Crosby-1962; Duvernoy-1992 ). It is found only in humans, not in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus centralis posterior primus
anterior long gyrus
first posterior central gyrus (human)
anterior long insular gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=122
refers to one of two long insular gyri identified by dissection in the human. Its posteroinferior boundary is the inferior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). It is separated, sometimes only partially, from the anterior long gyrus by the postcentral insular sulcus ( Crosby-1962; Duvernoy-1992 ). It is found only in humans, not in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
.
posterior long gyrus
Gyrus centralis posterior secundus
second posterior central gyrus (human)
posterior long insular gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=123
refers to a small convolution of the insula identified by dissection in 82% of human hemispheres. One of five gyri of the anterior insula, it is bounded rostrally by the anterior limiting sulcus; a branch of the same sulcus separates it dorsally from the anterior short gyrus. It is continuous ventrally with the transverse insular gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
accessory short gyrus (human)
accessory insular gyrus
Gyrus brevis accessorius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=124
refers to a small convolution of the insula identified by dissection in 86% of human hemispheres. The most anteroventral part of the insula, it is bounded dorsally by the anterior limiting sulcus. It is continuous caudally with the anterior short gyrus and rostrally with the posteromedial orbital lobule of the posterior orbital gyrus. ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus accessorius anterior of insula
Gyrus accessorius anterior
transverse insular gyrus
anterior accessory gyrus (human)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125
refers to one of six divisions of the cerebral cortex defined by dissection in the human ( Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is located between the frontal lobe, from which, it is separated by the lateral fissure; the parietal lobe, from which it is separated by the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure with ill-defined extension to the occipital lobe boundary; the occipital lobe from which it is separated by an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin; and from the insula by the inferior limiting sulcus. On the ventromedial surface of the hemisphere it is bounded medially by the occipital lobe and the limbic lobe, from which it is separated by the collateral sulcus and the rhinal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
It is composed of six gyri. Those on the lateral surface of the hemisphere include the superior temporal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus, and the inferior temporal gyrus. The latter continues onto the ventral surface of the hemisphere where it abuts the fusiform gyrus. Two other short horizontal gyri are hidden in the ventral wall of the lateral fissure: the anterior transverse temporal gyrus and the posterior transverse temporal gyrus ( Ture-1999 ).
The lobe is similar in the macaque, except that it lacks transverse temporal gyri. Other differences are that the upper part of the caudal border is with the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe. That and the lower part of the boundary, which separates it from the occipital lobe, are unmarked by anatomical features. The boundary with the posterior parahippocampal gyrus of the limbic lobe is likewise ill defined ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Lobus temporalis
lóbulo temporal
Schläfenlappen
lobo temporale
temporal region
temporal cortex
temporal lobe
Temporallappen
lobus temporal
височная доля
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=126
refers to a superficial feature of the temporal lobe, namely, the surface of the rostral extreme of the lobe. Identified by dissection, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Krieg-1975 ). The smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and the mouse does not exhibit this feature ( NeuroNames ).
височный полюс
pole temporal
temporal pole
temporal pole, cerebral cortex
kutub temporal
Polus temporalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=127
N/A
opérculo temporal
opercule temporal
височная покрышка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=128
refers to a short branch from the lateral fissure into the superior temporal gyrus of the human ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Identified by dissection, it marks the caudal boundary of the posterior transverse temporal gyrus. It is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
поперечные височные борозды
transverse temporal sulcus
sillon temporal transverse
поперечная височная борозда
Sulci temporales transversi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=129
refers to a prominent sulcus that lies parallel to the lateral fissure in the temporal lobe of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Identified by dissection, it marks the boundary between the superior temporal gyrus above and the middle temporal gyrus below.
In the human it extends into the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe ( Duvernoy-1992 ). In the macaque it marks the boundary between the angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus of the parietal lobe ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sulcus t1
sillon paralléle
solco temporale superiore
Sulcus temporalis superior
superior temporal fissure
Sulcus temporalis primus
cisura temporal superior
parallel sulcus
sulkus temporal superior
sillon temporal supérior
верхняя височная борозда
superior temporal sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=130
refers to an interrupted sulcus on the ventrolateral surface of the temporal lobe of the human. Identified by gross observation, it contributes to the boundary between the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus ( Nomina-1983; Roberts-1970 ). It is topologically equivalent to the middle temporal sulcus, posterior middle temporal sulcus and anterior middle temporal sulcus of the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is not found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
The fact that most atlases of macaque and human brains continue to refer to the interrupted sulcus in this location by different names is a great source of confusion in primate cortical anatomy. For more on the basis for confusion, see middle temporal sulcus.
inferior temporal sulcus
inferior temporal sulcus-1
sulcus temporalis inferior
sillon temporal inférieur
Sulcus temporalis secundus
middle temporal fissure (Crosby)
middle temporal sulcus (Szikla)
Sulcus temporalis medius (Roberts)
second temporal sulcus
sulkus inferior
Sulcus temporalis inferior
средняя височная борозда (Савельева)
sulcus t2
нижняя височная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=131
refers to the central of three short sulci on the ventrolateral surface of the temporal lobe of the macaque. It is identified by gross observation. The other two are the posterior middle temporal sulcus and the anterior middle temporal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). The three represent an interrupted sulcus that contributes to the boundary between the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. The middle sulcus is topologically equivalent to the central part of the inferior temporal sulcus of the human ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
The fact that most brain atlases of the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ) and the human ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ) continue to refer to the interrupted sulcus in this location by different names is a source of some confusion in primate cortical anatomy. The root of the confusion appears to be that anatomists who worked with either species in the mid-1900s and who used the term 'middle temporal sulcus' referred to the occipitotemporal sulcus as 'inferior temporal sulcus' ( Crosby-1962; Roberts-1970 ). Since the late 1900s anatomists working with both species have settled on ' occipitotemporal sulcus ' for the more ventral sulcus ( Ono-1990; Martin-2000 ). Human atlases have settled on inferior temporal sulcus for the sulcus marking the lower boundary of the middle temporal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ), but macaque atlases continue to refer to it as a two- or three-part middle temporal sulcus ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ).
anterior middle temporal sulcus (Martin-97)
Sulcus temporalis medius
anterior middle temporal sulcus (Bonin)
middle temporal sulcus
средняя височная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=132
refers to the most rostral of three short sulci on the ventrolateral surface of the temporal lobe of the macaque ( Bonin-1947 ). It is identified by dissection. The others are the middle temporal sulcus ( Krieg-1975 ) and the posterior middle temporal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). The three represent an interrupted sulcus that contributes to the boundary between the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. The anterior sulcus is topologically equivalent to the rostral part of the inferior temporal sulcus of the human ( Ono-1990 ).
The fact that most atlases of macaque and human brains continue to refer to the interrupted sulcus in this location by different names is a source of some confusion in primate cortical anatomy. For the root of the confusion see middle temporal sulcus.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
anterior middle temporal sulcus
middle temporal sulcus (Krieg)
middle temporal sulcus (Martin-97)
Sulcus temporalis medius anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=133
refers to the most caudal of three short sulci on the ventrolateral surface of the temporal lobe of the macaque. It is identified by dissecton. The others are the middle temporal sulcus ( Krieg-1975 ) and the anterior middle temporal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). The three represent an interrupted sulcus that contributes to the boundary between the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. The posterior sulcus is topologically equivalent to the caudal part of the inferior temporal sulcus of the human ( Ono-1990 ).
The fact that most atlases of macaque and human brains continue to refer to the interrupted sulcus in this location by different names is a source of some confusion in primate cortical anatomy. For the root of the confusion see middle temporal sulcus.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
posterior middle temporal sulcus
Sulcus temporalis medius posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=134
refers to the more rostral of two or three short oblique convolutions in the inferior wall of the lateral fissure in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection, they are located on the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus, rostral to the planum temporale. The more caudal convolution is the posterior transverse temporal gyrus. Transverse temporal gyri are not seen in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
great transverse gyrus of Heschl
anterior transverse temporal convolution of Heschl
поперечные височные извилины
Gyrus temporalis transversus primus
first transverse gyrus of Heschl
извилины Гешля
anterior transverse temporal gyrus
Gyrus temporalis transversus anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=135
refers to the more caudal of two or three short oblique convolutions in the inferior wall of the lateral fissure in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection, they are located on the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus, rostral to the planum temporale.. The more rostral convolution is the anterior transverse temporal gyrus. Transverse temporal gyri are not seen in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
posterior transverse temporal gyrus
Gyrus temporalis transversus posterior
posterior transverse temporal convolution of Heschl
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=136
refers to one of six convolutions of the temporal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 )...four in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, it is the most dorsal of the temporal gyri. It is separated from the frontal lobe by the lateral fissure. Two short oblique convolutions appear on its upper surface (which forms the lower bank of the lateral fissure): the anterior transverse temporal gyrus and the posterior transverse temporal gyrus. Its boundary with the inferior parietal lobule is marked by the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure with an ill-defined extension to the superior temporal sulcus. The latter marks its lower boundary with the middle temporal gyrus. It extends rostrally to the temporal pole where its border with the inferior temporal gyrus is unmarked by anatomical feature. Deep in the lateral fissure it is separated from the insula by the inferior limiting sulcus.
The superior temporal gyrus of the macaque is similar, except that no transverse temporal gyrus appears on its dorsal surface; the lateral fissure separates it from the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule as well as from the frontal lobe; and it wraps around the temporal pole a short distance to the rhinal sulcus, which separates it from the limbic lobe ( Martin-2000 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
giro temporale superiore
superior temporal gyrus
Gyrus temporalis superior
premiére circonvolution temporale
girus superior
верхняя височная извилина
circunvolución temporal superior
gyrus temporal supérieur
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=137
refers to one of six convolutions of the temporal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 )...four in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, it is separated dorsally from the superior temporal gyrus by the superior temporal sulcus. Its boundary with the inferior parietal lobule is marked by an ill-defined line from the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure to the equally ill-defined boundary between the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe. Its lower boundary with the inferior temporal gyrus is marked by the inferior temporal sulcus. It extends rostrally to the inferior margin of the hemisphere where its border with the inferior temporal gyrus is unmarked by anatomical feature.
The middle temporal gyrus of the macaque is similar, except that the caudal boundary, while no more clearly defined than in the human, is with the angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule rather than with the occipital lobe. And its boundary with the inferior temporal gyrus is marked by three short sulci, which are topologically equivalent to the inferior temporal sulcus of the human, but, in the macaque, are named posterior middle temporal sulcus ( Martin-1996 ) middle temporal sulcus ( Krieg-1975 ), and anterior middle temporal sulcus ( Cheng-1997 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
intermediate temporal gyrus
giro temporale medio
inferior temporal gyrus (Seltzer)
deuxiéme circonvolution temporale
circunvolución temporal media
middle temporal gyrus
gyrus temporal moyen
средняя височная извилина
girus temporal tengah
Gyrus temporalis medius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=138
refers to one of six convolutions of the temporal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 )...four in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the ventral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, it is separated at the inferior margin of the hemisphere from the middle temporal gyrus by the inferior temporal sulcus. Its caudal boundary is marked by the preoccipital notch. It is separated from the fusiform gyrus medially by the occipitotemporal sulcus. And its rostroventral boundaries with the middle temporal gyrus and the superior temporal gyrus occur, unmarked by anatomical features, at the inferior margin of the hemisphere.
The inferior temporal gyrus of the macaque is similar, except that its boundary with the middle temporal gyrus is marked by three short sulci, which are topologically equivalent to the inferior temporal sulcus of the human, but, in the macaque, are named posterior middle temporal sulcus ( Martin-1996 ) middle temporal sulcus ( Krieg-1975 ), and anterior middle temporal sulcus ( Cheng-1997 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
circunvolución temporal inferior
lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (Heimer-83)
gyrus temporalis inferior
inferior temporal gyrus
girus temporal inferior
giro temporale inferiore
нижняя височная извилина
gyrus temporal inférieur
Gyrus temporalis inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=139
refers to one of six convolutions of the temporal lobe identified by dissection in the human, four of which are also found in the macaque. In order from the dorsolateral to ventromedial aspect of the hemisphere, the common convolutions are: superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus ( Carpenter-1983; Martin-2000 ). Located on the ventral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, the fusiform gyrus is separated from the inferior temporal gyrus laterally by the occipitotemporal sulcus. The collateral sulcus separates it from the parahippocampal gyrus of the limbic lobe anteromedially and from the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe posteromedially. In the macaque the adjacent gyri are similar, but their boundaries are only partially defined by the sulci. In particular, the rostral boundaries with the parahippocampal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus are ill-defined.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
латеральная затылочно-височная извилина
lateral occipito-temporal gyrus
occipitotemporal gyrus
giro occipito-temporale
Gyrus fusiformis
T4
circunvolución fusiforme
fusiform gyrus
girus oksipitotemporal lateral
gyrus fusiforme
medial occipitotemporal gyrus-1 (Heimer)
Gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis
circunvolución temporooccipital
веретеновидная извилина
lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
Gyrus occipito-temporalis lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140
refers to one of six divisions of the cerebral cortex defined by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is located at the back of the brain. Viewed from the side, it is separated from the parietal lobe dorsally and from the temporal lobe ventrally by an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsal margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventral margin. In some cases the lower part of the boundary is marked by a anterior occipital sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).On the medial surface it is separated from the parietal lobe by the parieto-occipital sulcus and from the temporal lobe by the collateral sulcus. ( For an alternate definition adopted by some authors, see occipital lobe (Ono).
Its gyral pattern in the human is perhaps the most variable of any of the six lobes. In most brains it contains five basic convolutions: the superior occipital gyrus, the middle occipital gyrus, the inferior occipital gyrus, the lingual gyrus, and the cuneus.
The boundaries of the occipital lobe of the macaque are similar except that the rostral border as viewed from the side is well marked by the lunate sulcus of the macaque. The convolutions are similar except that the macaque has a single occipital gyrus where the human has superior and middle occipital gyri; and the macaque has a prominent annectant gyrus deep in an extension of the intraparietal sulcus into the occipital lobe.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
occipital lobe
Hinterhauptlappen
occipital cortex
lobo occipitale
lóbulo occipital
Okzipitallapen
Hinterhauptslappen
corteccia occipitale
затылочная доля
lobus oksipital
Lobus occipitalis
occipital region
lobe occipital
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=141
refers to the caudal tip of the cerebral cortex. It is a superficial feature found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
pole occipital
occipital pole
Polus occipitalis
Okzipitalpol
kutub oksipital
polo occipitale
затылочный полюс
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=142
refers to a superficial feature of the lateral aspect of the cerebral cortex that is seen in some human brains ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Where present, it originates in the preoccipital notch on the ventral margin of the hemisphere and marks the boundary between the temporal lobe rostrally and the occipital lobe caudally. In some cases it is seen as a branch of the inferior temporal sulcus and referred to as a 'posterior' or 'ascending limb' of that sulcus. It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
solco occipitale anteriore
posterior inferior temporal sulcus
cisura occipital anterior
ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus
anterior occipital sulcus
Sulcus occipitalis anterior
sillon occipital antérieur
sulci occipitales superiores
верхние затылочные борозды
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=143
refers to a horizontal groove on the lateral aspect of the occipital lobe of human cerebral cortex. It separates the middle occipital gyrus into superior and inferior parts. In some cases it intersects the lunate sulcus of the human caudally ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Some authors regard the lunate sulcus to be part of the the lateral occipital sulcus ( Van Essen Lab-2002 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
solco occipitale laterale
sillon occipital latéral
cisura occipital lateral
sillon occipital moyen
lateral occipital sulcus
Sulcus occipitalis lateralis
sillon prelunatus
боковая затылочная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=144
refers to a horizontal groove low on the lateral aspect of the occipital lobe of human cerebral cortex. It separates the middle occipital gyrus above from the inferior occipital gyrus below ( Duvernoy-1992 ). In the macaque it extends from the ventrolateral surface of the occipital lobe to the ventral surface and separates the occipital gyrus from the inferior occipital gyrus. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus occipitalis inferior
occipitoinferior sulcus
sillon occipital inférieur
inferior occipital sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=145
refers to a variable multibranched groove on the dorsolateral aspect of the occipital lobe of the human ( Duvernoy-1992 ). In some brains it is continuous with the intraparietal sulcus rostrally ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
поперечная затылочная борозда
solco occipitale transverso
cisura occipital transversa
transverse occipital sulcus
sillon occipital transverse
Sulcus occipitalis transversus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=146
refers to a short horizontal groove on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex near the occipital pole of the occipital lobe. It is found in the human ( Duvernoy-1992 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ). No equivalent structure is found in the rat or the mouse ( NeuroNames ).
ectocalcarine sulcus
external calcarine fissure
Sulcus ectocalcarinus
external calcarine sulcus
occipitopolar sulcus
sillon occipitopolaire
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=147
refers to one of two extensions of the calcarine sulcus where it splits into two short vertically oriented branches near the occipital pole. This is the dorsally curved superior branch; the other is a symmetrical, ventrally curved inferior calcarine sulcus. They are found in the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ) and, though not named as separate sulci, illustrated in human brain atlases ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ). No comparable structures are found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
superior ramus of calcarine fissure
upper calcarine sulcus
superior calcarine sulcus
Ramus ascendens fissurae calcarinae
retrocalcarine sulcus
sillon rétrocalcarin supérieur
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=148
refers to one of two extensions of the calcarine sulcus, where it splits into two short vertically oriented branches near the occipital pole. This is the ventrally curved inferior branch; the other is a symmetrical, dorsally curved superior calcarine sulcus. The branches are found in the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ) and, though often not named as separate structures, are illustrated in human brain atlases ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ). No comparable structures are found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Ramus descendens fissurae calcarinae
inferior calcarine sulcus (macaque)
sillon rétrocalcarine inférieur
inferior calcarine sulcus
inferior ramus of calcarine fissure
lower calcarine sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=150
refers to a prominent groove on the lateral aspect of the cerebral cortex of the macaque. Identified by dissection, it originates from the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsal margin of the the hemisphere and separates the occipital lobe from the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe ( Martin-2000 ). It is not topologically equivalent to the lunate sulcus of the human, which is a minor sulcus near the occipital pole of the human cerebral cortex ( Duvernoy-1992 ). No equivalent is seen in the human or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Bodenfurche
Sulcus simialis
lunate sulcus
Sulcus lunatus
lunate sulcus of the macaque
Affenspalte
Affenfurche
solco lunato
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=151
refers to a groove located within the boundaries of the lingual gyrus in the human. Identified by dissection, it is oriented parallel to the inferior margin of the occipital lobe ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus intralingualis
intralingual sulcus (human)
sillon lingual
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=152
refers to the major convolution on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe of the macaque cerebral cortex. Defined by dissection, it is bounded rostrally by the lunate sulcus of the macaque, which separates it from the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe, and ventrally by the inferior occipital sulcus, which separates it from the inferior occipital gyrus. On the mesial surface of the hemisphere it is quite small, partially separated from the cuneus dorsally by the superior calcarine sulcus and from the inferior occipital gyrus ventrally by the inferior calcarine sulcus ( Martin-2000 ). Topologically it is equivalent to a combination of the superior occipital gyrus and the middle occipital gyrus of the human. It is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
occipital gyrus
Gyrus occipitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=153
refers to a buried convolution of cerebral cortex located in the floor of the deep intraparietal sulcus of the macaque ( Kappers-1960 ). It also extends a short way along the floor of the lunate sulcus of the macaque at its junction with the intraparietal sulcus ( Martin-2000; Dubach-2008 ). In the human, small topologically similar but unnamed convolutions appear in the depths of the intraparietal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
annectant gyrus
Gyrus annectens
convolutions of Gratiolet
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=154
refers to a small convolution on the dorsal margin of the human occipital lobe. Identified by dissection, it is separated from the middle occipital gyrus below by the intra-occipital sulcus and is continuous with the cuneus at the superior margin of the hemisphere. Its rostral border is defined by the parieto-occipital sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). It has no topological equivalent in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus occipitalis superior
giro occipitale superiore
gyrus occipital supérieur
circunvolución occipital superior
Gyrus occipitalis primus
superior occipital gyrus
верхняя затылочная извилина
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=155
refers to the major convolution on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe in the human. Identified by dissection, it is separated from the superior occipital gyrus dorsally by the intra-occipital sulcus, from the inferior occipital gyrus ventrally by the inferior occipital sulcus, and from the parietal lobe and temporal lobe rostrally by a topologically ill-defined boundary approximated by an oblique plane connecting the parieto-occipital sulcus dorsally with the preoccipital notch ventrally ( Ono-1990 ). It has no topological equivalent in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus occipitalis medius
gyrus occipital moyen
lateral occipital gyrus
middle occipital gyrus
giri occipitali laterali
Gyrus occipitalis secundus
gyrus occipital latéral
боковая затылочная извилина
circunvolución occipital lateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=156
refers to the most ventral of the human occipital gyri defined on the basis of topology ( Duvernoy-1992 ). It is listed in the glossaries of Mai-1997 and of Talairach-1988, where it is annotated: "the exact identification... is often difficult." Neither author labels it in atlas illustrations of the human occipital lobe. In the macaque it is defined as the portion of the occipital lobe bounded laterally by the inferior occipital sulcus, medially by the occipitotemporal sulcus and posteriorly by the inferior calcarine sulcus ( Martin-2000 ). It has no topological equivalent in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
inferior occipital gyrus
Gyrus occipitalis inferior
Gyrus occipitalis tertius
gyrus occipital inférieur
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=157
refers to the major convolution on the mesial aspect of the occipital lobe. Identified by dissection in the human it is separated from the parietal lobe rostrally by the parieto-occipital sulcus, from the lingual gyrus ventrally by the calcarine sulcus. It is continuous with the superior occipital gyrus at the superior margin of the occipital lobe ( Duvernoy-1992; Ono-1990 ).. The boundaries in the macaque are similar except that it is separated from the occipital gyrus caudally by the superior calcarine sulcus and from the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus rostrally by a boundary undefined by anatomical landmarks ( Martin-2000 ). It has no topological equivalent in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus cuneus
cuneate lobule
cuneus of hemisphere
cuña
Keil
cuneus gyrus
cuneus
Cuneus
cuneus
cuneus
cuneo
клин
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=158
refers to the major convolution on the ventral surface of the occipital lobe. Identified by dissection, in the human it is separated from the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus rostrally by the anterior calcarine sulcus, from the cuneus dorsally by the calcarine sulcus, and from the fusiform gyrus laterally by the collateral sulcus. ( Duvernoy-1992; Ono-1990 ). The boundaries in the macaque are similar except that it is separated from the inferior occipital gyrus caudally by the occipitotemporal sulcus ( Martin-2000 ). It has no topological equivalent in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
lingula of cerebral hemisphere
gyrus lingual
gyrus lingualis
medial occipitotemporal gyrus-2
lingual gyrus
giro della lingula
Gyrus lingualis
circunvolución lingual
giro linguale
Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis
girus oksipitotemporal medial
медиальная затылочно-височная извилина
язычная извилина
medial occipitotemporal gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159
refers to one of four components of the limbic lobe of the cerebral cortex. The others are the parahippocampal gyrus, the archicortex, and the subcallosal area. Identified by dissection, it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. It is separated from the corpus callosum ventrally by the callosal sulcus. In the depth of the sulcus the supracallosal gyrus partially intervenes between it and the corpus callosum.
Dorsally it is separated from the frontal lobe and part of the parietal lobe by the cingulate sulcus. The subparietal sulcus separates it from the ramainder of the parietal lobe caudally. It is composed of three parts: the anterior cingulate gyrus, the posterior cingulate gyrus, and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus.
Except for greater complexity of sulcal patterns in the human ( Vogt-1995 ), the structure is similar in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
upper limbic gyrus
gyrus cingulaire
Gyri cinguli
cingulate area
поясная извилина
cingular gyrus
cingulate gyrus
girus singulum
Gyrus cinguli
circunvolución del cuerpo calloso
corteccia cingolata
giro del cingolo
Gyrus cingulatus
girus singulat
gyrus cinguli
giro cingolato
cingulate region
извилина пояса
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=160
refers to a short depression in the cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe. Identified by dissection it is found in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human ( Vogt-1995 ). In the macaque it appears in the posterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). It is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
horizontal dimple
intracingulate sulcus
Sulcus intracinguli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=161
refers to one of three components of the cingulate gyrus. The others are the posterior cingulate gyrus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. In the human it lies dorsal to the anterior two-thirds of the corpus callosum from which it is separated by the callosal sulcus. It wraps around the genu of the corpus callosum and becomes continuous with the subcallosal area. In the depth of the callosal sulcus the supracallosal gyrus partially intervenes between it and the corpus callosum.
Dorsally it is separated from the superior frontal gyrus by the cingulate sulcus. It is bounded caudally by the posterior cingulate gyrus. The junction, which is located at about the level of central sulcus on the dorsal surface of the hemisphere, corresponds to the boundary between cytoarchitectural area 24 (anterior) and area 23 (posterior); it is unmarked topologically. Architectonically it corresponds approximately to the combination of anterior cingulate cortex and midcingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
In the macaque the structure occupies only the anterior half the area dorsal to the corpus callosum and includes the area topologically equivalent to the subcallosal area of the human. Thus, it is bounded rostrally by the straight gyrus from which it is partially separated by the rostral sulcus ( Martin-2000 ). Except for greater complexity of sulcal patterns in the human ( Vogt-1995 ), it is otherwise similar in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus limbicus anterior
Gyrus cinguli anterior
anterior cingulate gyrus
anterior cingulate
Cortex cingularis anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=162
refers to one of three components of the cingulate gyrus in the human and the macaque. The others are the anterior cingulate gyrus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere.
In the human it is continuous rostrally with the anterior cingulate gyrus. Their junction is located at about the level of the central sulcus and corresponds to the boundary between cytoarchitectural area 24 (anterior) and area 23 (posterior). The structure lies dorsal to the posterior one-third of the corpus callosum, from which it is separated by the callosal sulcus. It ends caudally at the splenium of the corpus callosum where it becomes continuous with the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. In the depth of the callosal sulcus the supracallosal gyrus partially intervenes between it and the corpus callosum. Dorsally it is separated from the postcentral gyrus rostrally by the cingulate sulcus and separated from the cuneus of the parietal lobe caudally by the subparietal sulcus. Architectonically it corresponds approximately to the combination of area 23, of the posterior cingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
In the macaque it is similar to that of the human except that it occupies the posterior half the area dorsal to the corpus callosum ( Martin-2000 ), and the complexity of sulcal patterns is less ( Vogt-1987; Vogt-1995 ).
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
posterior cingulate
posterior cingulate gyrus
Gyrus cinguli posterior
Gyrus limbicus posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=163
refers to one of three components of the cingulate gyrus in the human and the macaque. The others are the anterior cingulate gyrus and the posterior cingulate gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection it is a small convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere.
In curving around the splenium of the corpus callosum it connects the posterior cingulate gyrus dorsally with the parahippocampal gyrus ventrally. In some cases it is partially separated from the parahippocampal gyrus by the anterior calcarine sulcus, which also separates it from the lingual gyrus caudally ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
Its location in the macaque is similar except that its caudal boundary is with the cuneus and is less well defined ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
isthmus of limbic lobe
isthmus
istmus
istmo de la circunvolución del cuerpo calloso
Isthmus gyri cingulatus
Isthmus gyri cinguli
isthmus of the cingulate gyrus
istmo del giro del cingolo
Isthmus cinguli
Isthmus of Gyrus fornicatus
Isthmus-2
перешеек поясной извилины
isthmus of fornicate gyrus
isthmus of cingulate gyrus
isthme
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=164
refers to one of four components of the limbic lobe of the cerebral cortex. The others are the cingulate gyrus, the archicortex, and the subcallosal area. Identified by dissection, it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. It is separated from the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe laterally by the collateral sulcus and from the inferior temporal gyrus rostrally by the rhinal sulcus. It is composed of four substructures. From caudal to rostral they are the posterior parahippocampal gyrus, the entorhinal area, the presubiculum and the piriform area ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Its structure is similar in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
gyrus parahippocampal
girus parahippokampal
Gyrus parahippocampi
hippocampal gyrus
giro paraippocampale
Gyrus parahippocampalis
парагиппокампальная извилина
circunvolución del hipocampo
circunvolución del parahipocampo
parahippocampal gyrus
Gyrus hippocampi
извилина гиппокампа
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=165
pyriform area
prepyriform cortex
Palaeocortex II
piriform olfactory cortex
Cortex piriformis
piriform cortex
пириформная кора
lateral olfactory gyrus
prepiriform cortex
Area prepiriformis
Regio praepiriformis
(pre-)piriform cortex
piriform area
korteks prapiriform
piriform cortex (Price)
prepyriform area
giro olfattivo laterale
латеральная обонятельная извилина
area 28
daerah unkus
Eupalaeocortex
gyrus olfactorius lateralis
área piriforme
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=166
refers to the surface of the parahippocampal gyrus overlying the cortical amygdalar nucleus in the human and the macaque ( Carpenter-1983 ). While its subdivisions are the same in the two species, it is more differentiated in the human than in the macaque ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ). Its dorsolateral boundary is with the piriform area and its ventromedial boundary is with the entorhinal area. In the human the latter border is marked by the semiannular sulcus ( Mai-1997 ).
area periamigdaloidea
periamygdaloid region
periamygdaloid area
полулунная извилина
semilunar gyrus
gyrus semilunaire
área periamigdalina
Gyrus semilunaris
Regio periamygdalaris
periamygdalar area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=167
N/A
presubiculum (Cajal)
presubiculum
Area praesubicularis
presubiculum
Presubiculum
Praesubiculum
Feld 27
area 27 of Brodmann (human)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=168
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of topology and internal structure in the human ( Mai-1997 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is located adjacent to the amygdala rostrally and adjacent to the hippocampal formation caudally.
In primates it is found on the medial surface of the temporal lobe, partially bounded ventrolaterally by the collateral sulcus in the human and by the rhinal sulcus in the macaque. It is subdivided on the basis of internal structure into eight parts in the human ( Insausti-2004 ),and seven parts in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ).
In the rat and mouse it is divided into a lateral part of the entorhinal area and a medial part of the entorhinal area; the latter is further divided into dorsal and ventral zones to produce three subdivisions in the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
Cortex entorhinalis
aire entorhinale
entorhinaler Kortex
Area entorhinalis (28,34)
Area entorhinalis
Brodmann's area 28
area corticale olfattiva secondaria
entorhinal area
Area entorhinalis ventralis et dorsalis
area entorrinal
area 28 of Brodmann (Crosby)
area endorinale (area 28)
secondary olfactory cortex
entorhinal cortex
corteccia endorinale
secondary olfactory cortical area (Carpenter)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=169
N/A
Gyrus parahippocampalis, pars posterior
parahippocampal gyrus (Insausti)
posterior parahippocampal gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170
refers to a composite substructure of the limbic lobe defined on the basis of dissection and internal structure as revealed by Nissl stain. In the human and the macaque it includes the hippocampal formation, the fasciola cinerea, the supracallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus ( Stephan-1975 ). It constitutes 3.5% of the surface area of the cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ). See also hippocampal region.
древняя кора
archicortex
Hippocampus
hippocampus
архикортекс
archipallium
Archeocortex
старая кора
archipallium
arkikorteks
archipallio
arquipalio
intralimbic gyrus
archicortex
Archaeocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=171
N/A
giro subcalloso
gyrus subcallosus
Gyrus paraterminalis
паратерминальная извилина
circunvolución subcallosa
paraterminal gyrus
subcallosal gyrus
badan paraterminal
подмозолистая извилина
paraterminal body (Noback)
peduncle of the corpus callosum
giro paraterminale
Gyrus subcallosus
Hippocampus praecommissuralis
precommissural hippocampus
gyrus paraterminal
Hippocampus precommissuralis
circunvolución paraterminal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=172
refers to a composite structure that, in the human, extends along the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum from the dentate gyrus and fasciolar gyrus caudally to the paraterminal gyrus rostrally. It consists of three longitudinal structures: the medial longitudinal stria, the indusium griseum and the lateral longitudinal stria ( Riley-1943 ). In the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ), the indusium griseum is identified largely by histology with stains for Nissl substance, and the longitudinal striae are not usually identified in brain atlases of those species. Thus, in those species the indusium griseum is the histological equivalent of the human supracallosal gyrus and is most often labeled simply ' indusium griseum '.
supracommissural hippocampal rudiment
supracallosal gyrus
Hippocampus supracommissuralis
supracommissural hippocampus
giro sopracalloso
Gyrus supracallosus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=173
refers to the cellular component of the supracallosal gyrus in the human. It is a thin layer of neuronal cells adherent to the outer surface of the corpus callosum and is identifiable by dissection as extending from the fasciola cinerea caudally, over the body of the corpus callosum, and around the genu of the corpus callosum and the rostrum of the corpus callosum to the paraterminal gyrus rostrally. It is one of three parts of the supracallosal gyrus; the others are the medial longitudinal stria and the lateral longitudinal stria ( Carpenter-1983; Riley-1943 ).
In the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ), the indusium griseum is identified by histology with stains for Nissl substance, and the longitudinal striae are not usually identified in macaque and rodent brain atlases. Thus, in those species the indusium griseum is the histological equivalent of the human supracallosal gyrus. In the rat and mouse the indusium griseum is a cell group embedded in the cerebral cortex at its junction with the corpus callosum. In rodents it extends from the fasciola cinerea caudally to the tenia tecta rostrally.
induseum griseum (Valentin)
induseum griseum
indusium griseum
indusium griseum
Induseum griseum
покрова
indusium griseum
серый покров
gray stria of Lancisi
induseum griseum
связка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=174
refers to the more lateral of two thin bundles of myelinated fibers oriented longitudinally on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum in the human ( Riley-1943 ). It is located in the callosal sulcus. Identified on the basis of topology and myelin stain, it extends from the dentate gyrus caudally to the paraterminal gyrus rostrally. The other bundIe is the medial longitudinal stria. They together with the indusium griseum constitute the supracallosal gyrus.
éstria longitudinal de Lancissi
lateral white stria of Lancisi
strie longitudinale latéral
Taenia obtecta
lateral longitudinal stria
stria longitudinal lateral
Stria longitudinalis lateralis
Taenia tecta
stria longitudinale laterale (di Lancisi)
Stria tecta
Stria longitudinalis externa
латеральная продольная полоска
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=175
refers to the more medial of two thin bundles of myelinated fibers oriented longitudinally near the midline on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum in the human ( Riley-1943 ). Identified on the basis of topology and myelin stain, it extends from the fasciolar gyrus caudally to the paraterminal gyrus rostrally. The more lateral bundIe is the lateral longitudinal stria. The two together with the indusium griseum constitute the supracallosal gyrus.
medial longitudinal stria
medial stripe of Lancisi
stria longitudinale mediale (di Lancisi)
stria longitudinal medial
Taenia libra
Stria Lancisii
Stria longitudinalis medialis
Taenia libera Lancisi
medial longitudinal stria of Lancisi
medial white stria of Lancisi
медиальная продольная полоска
strie longitudinale médiale
Nervus Lancisii
Stria longitudinalis interna
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=176
N/A
fasciola cinereum
fasciola cinerea (Reil, Arnold)
fasciolar gyrus
Gyrus retrosplenialis hippocampi
circunvolución fasciolada
girus fasiolar
Gyrus fasciolaris
пучковая извилина
fasciola cinerea
gyrus fasciolaris
ленточная извилина
fasciola cinerea
giro fasciolare
Fasciola cinerea
retrosplenial gyrus of hippocampus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177
refers classically to the combination of gray and white matter components that make up a seahorse-shaped structure revealed by dissection on the floor of the lateral ventricle in the human ( Shaw-1997 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). ('Hippocampus' in Latin means 'seahorse' in English.) Part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampal formation is an infolding of archicortex of the ventral part of the limbic lobe into the lateral ventricle. It consists of three predominantly gray matter structures: the dentate gyrus, CA fields, and subiculum, and two predominantly white matter structures: the alveus and fimbria ( Carpenter-1983 ).
In primates it is a relatively flat structure the rostral end of which abuts the amygdala and curves medially to form the uncus. In rodents, where it constitutes a much greater portion of the cerebral cortex it curves up caudally into a C-shaped structure. With increasing knowledge of the region the term has come to be used for a broader set of predominantly gray structures in adjacent cortex. See hippocampal formation (Insausti) and hippocampal formation (functional).
formación del hipocampo
hippocampal formation
hippocampus
Hippocampusformation
Formatio hippocampi
formasi hippokampus
formazione dell'ippocampo
seahorse
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=178
N/A
Sulcus fimbrio-dentatus
fimbriodentate sulcus
Fissura fimbriodentata
Fissura fimbrio-dentata
fimbriodentate fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179
N/A
dentate gyrus
извилина Хукслея
dentate gyrus (Tarin)
gyrus dentatus
circunvolución dentada
giro dentato
зубчатая извилина
Fascia dentata (Crosby)
Fascia dentata hippocampi (Shantha)
girus dentatus
Gyrus dentatus
area dentata
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=180
refers to the superficial layers of the dentate gyrus as shown by Nissl stain. From external to internal they are the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the granular layer of the dentate gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Fascia dentata
fascia dentata
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=181
N/A
field CA4 of hippocampal formation
Region IV of hippocampus proper
Region CA4
hilus of the dentate gyrus
Hilus gyri dentati
CA4 champ de la corne d'ammon
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=182
refers to a substructure of the hippocampal formation defined on the basis of internal structure in the human, macaque, rat and mouse. It is composed of three fields, CA1 field, CA2 field and CA3 field. The CA stands for Cornu ammonis, one of three common names for the CA fields. Other common names for the CA fields are Ammon's horn and, simply, hippocampus. 'Hippocampus' is ambiguous, because it is also very widely used as a synonym for hippocampal formation and for archicortex.
Architectonically, the CA fields are part of the archicortex ( Stephan-1976 ). The original description of the CA fields by Lorente de No ( No-1934 ) included a CA4 field, which subsequent investigators have tended to identify more with the hilus of the dentate gyrus than with the other CA fields. The hilus differs from CA fields 1-3 in terms of internal structure, connectivity and location in the dentate gyrus.
аммонов рог
hippokampus
hippocampus
гиппокамп
hippocampus major
Ammon's horn
Hippocampus
CA fields
hippocampus proper
Hippokampus
Hippocampus proprius
нога морского коня
ammon horn
hippocampus
corne d'ammon
Seepferdchen
Cornu ammonis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=183
N/A
field CA1 of hippocampus
field CA1, Ammon's horn (Lorente de Nó)
Region I of hippocampus proper
Region CA1
CA1 champ de la corne d'ammon
CA1 field of Ammon's horn
Cornu Ammonis 1
regio superior of the hippocampus
field CA1
CA1 field
CA1 field of the hippocampus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=184
N/A
CA2 field of Ammon's horn
field CA2 of hippocampus
CA2 field
CA2 field of the hippocampus
field CA2, Ammon's horn (Lorente de Nó)
Region II of hippocampus proper
field CA2
Region CA2
CA2 champ de la corne d'ammon
Cornu Ammonis 2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=185
N/A
field CA3 of hippocampus
field CA3
CA3 champ de la corne d'ammon
CA3 field of the hippocampus
CA3 field of Ammon's horn
field CA3, Ammon's horn (Lorente de Nó)
CA3 field
Region III of hippocampus proper
Cornu Ammonis 3
Region CA3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=186
N/A
Muldenblatt
alveus of hippocampus
Mulde
Alveus
alveus
alveus
alveo
alveus
Wanne
Vertiefung
лоток гиппокампа
alveus
Alveus hippocampi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=187
N/A
fimbria
fimbria dell'ippocampo
бахромка гиппокампа
fimbria del trígono cerebral
fimbria of hippocampus
fimbria (Vieussens)
лента свода
fimbria of fornix
Fimbria fornicis
Fimbria hippocampi
Fimbrie
fimbria forniks
Fimbria
fimbria of the hippocampus
fimbria
fimbria del fornice
cuerpo franjeado
Franse
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=188
N/A
Subiculum
area subicularis
subikulum
подставка (гиппокампа)
subiculum
subiculum
subiculum hippocampi
subiculum
subiculum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189
N/A
cerebral white matter
zat putih
sostanza bianca
sustancia blanca
Substantia medullaris cerebri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=190
N/A
Centrum ovale
medullary center
white matter of cerebrum
centro semiovale
Centrum semiovale
Substantia centralis medullaris cerebri
semioval center
centro semioval
Corpus medullare cerebri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=191
N/A
Balken
corpus callosum
corpo calloso
korpus kalosum
Corpus callosum
cuerpo calloso
neocortical commissure
Gehirnbalken
Commissura magna
interhemispheric commissure
corps calleux
corpus callosum (Galen)
corpus callosum
мозолистое тело
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=192
N/A
Forceps minor of corpus callosum
Corpus callosum, forceps minor
fórceps anterior del cuerpo calloso
corpus callosum, anterior forceps
corpus callosum, anterior forceps (Arnold)
forcipi anteriore del corpo calloso
forceps minor of the corpus callosum
frontal forceps
Forceps minor corporis callosi
Forceps minor
anterior forceps of the corpus callosum
anterior forceps
vordere Balkenzwinge
Forceps frontalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=193
refers to the portion of the corpus callosum that extends ventrocaudally from the genu of the corpus callosum. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), and rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is not found in atlases of the mouse brain ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). It is Region 1 of seven parts defined in a common parcellation scheme for the corpus callosum in the primate. See corpus callosum (Witelson).
corpus callosum, rostrum
rostrum of the corpus callosum
Region 1
rostrum korpus kalosum
клюв мозолистого тела
Corpus callosum rostrum
corpo calloso (rostro)
rostrum
rostrum of corpus callosum
rostro del corpo calloso
Rostrum corpus callosi
pico del cuerpo calloso
Rostrum corporis callosi
rostrum del cuerpo calloso
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=194
refers to the rostral most portion of the corpus callosum in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is bounded caudally by the body of the corpus callosum, and, in all but the mouse, ventrocaudally by the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is Region 2 of seven parts defined in a common parcellation scheme for the corpus callosum. See corpus callosum (Witelson).
corpus callosum, genu
genu of the corpus callosum
rostrum of corpus callosum (Mai)
genu
колено мозолистого тела
Region 2
genu of corpus callosum
corps calleux, genou
Knie
Corpus callosum, genu
Genu corpus callosi
Genu corporis callosi
genu
ginocchio del corpo calloso
rodilla del cuerpo calloso
genu del cuerpo calloso
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=195
refers to the portion of the corpus callosum located between the genu of the corpus callosum and the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). In a common parcellation, corpus callosum (Witelson), it is divided into four parts: the rostral body of the corpus callosum, the anterior midbody of the corpus callosum, the posterior midbody of the corpus callosum and the isthmus of the corpus callosum.
body of the corpus callosum
corpus callosum, body
corpo del corpo calloso
Truncus corpus callosi
badan korpus kalosum
trunculus corporis callosi
body of corpus callosum
Corpus callosum, corpus
corps calleux, corps
ствол мозолистого тела
cuerpo del cuerpo calloso
trunk of corpus callosum
Corpus callosum truncus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=196
refers to the caudal most portion of the corpus callosum in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is bounded rostrally by the body of the corpus callosum. It is Region 7 of seven parts defined in a common parcellation scheme for the corpus callosum. See corpus callosum (Witelson).
Balkenwulst
splenium
Splenium des Balkens
Splenium corpus callosi
splenium del cuerpo calloso
Splenium corporis callosi
Corpus callosum splenium
rodete del cuerpo calloso
corpus callosum, splenium (Burdach)
splenium of the corpus callosum
splenium corporis callosi
splenio del corpo calloso
corps calleux, splenium
Corpus callosum, splenium
splenium of corpus callosum
валик мозолистого тела
splenium
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=197
N/A
Forceps occipitalis
fórceps posterior del cuerpo calloso
forceps major of corpus callosum
corpus callosum, posterior forceps (Arnold)
forceps major of the corpus callosum
posterior forceps of the corpus callosum
forceps major
hintere Balkenzwinge
Corpus callosum, forceps major
Forceps major corporis callosi
Forceps major
occipital forceps
forcipi posteriore del corpo calloso
posterior forceps
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=198
N/A
internal capsule (Burdach)
innere Kapsel
internal capsule radiations
внутренняя капсула
internal capsule
kapsul intern
Capsula interna
capsula interna
cápsula interna
capsule interne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=199
N/A
bras antérieur
capsula interna, ramo anteriore
передняя ножка внутренней капсулы
ramo anteriore della capsula interna
anterior limb of the internal capsule
tungkai kaudatolentikular
Crus anterius capsulae internae
tungkai anterior kapsul intern
Capsula interna, pars anterior
brazo anterior de la cápusula interna
cápsula interna (brazo anterior)
caudato-lenticular limb
krus anterior kapsul intern
segmento anteriore della capsula interna
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=200
N/A
genu kapsul intern
genu de la cápsual interna
Genu capsulae internae
колено внутренней капсулы
genu of the internal capsule
rodilla de la cápsula interna
genou
ginocchio della capsula interna
Capsula internal, genu
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=201
N/A
capsula interna, ramo posteriore
Crus posterius capsulae internae
kapsul intern (tungkai posterior)
krus posterior
brazo posterior de la cápsula interna
bras postérieur
задняя ножка внутренней капсулы
ramo posteriore della capsula interna
thalamolenticular limb
tungkai talamolentikular
Capsula interna, pars posterior
posterior limb of the internal capsule
hinterer Schenkel
tungkai posterior
segmento posteriore della capsula interna
cápsula interna (brazo posterior)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=202
N/A
porzione lenticolotalamica
lenticulothalamic part of the internal capsule
thalamolenticular portion of internal capsule
Pars thalamolentiformes (capsulae internae)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=203
N/A
bagian retrolentikular kapsul intern
postlenticular portion of internal capsule
retrolentikuläre Teil der Capsula interna
retrolenticular part of the internal capsule
зачечевичная часть
зачечевицеобразная часть
Pars retrolentiformis (capsulae internae)
porción retrolenticular de la cápsula interna
partie rétrolenticulaire
retrolentikulärer Abschnitt der innere Kapsel
kapsul intern (tungkai pascalentikular)
porzione retrolenticolare della capsula interna
Pars retrolenticularis capsulae internae
retrolenticular part of internal capsule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=204
N/A
sublenticular part of the internal capsule
porzione sublenticolare della capsula interna
подчечевицеобразная часть
sublenticular part of internal capsule
sublentiform part (internal capsule)
kapsul intern (sublentikular)
Pars sublentiformis (capsulae internae)
Pars sublenticularis capsulae internae
porción sublenticular de la cápsula interna
sublentikular kapsul intern
Capsula interna, pars sublenticularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=205
refers to a bundle of nerve fibers that cross the midline of the brain dorsally in the anterior hypothalamic region, ventral to the septal nuclei, and caudal to the median preoptic nucleus and nucleus of the anterior commissure; it's caudal aspect protrudes into the third ventricle. Identified by topology, it is one of three bundles referred to as forebrain commissures. It is composed of two parts: the olfactory limb of the anterior commissure and the posterior limb of the anterior commissure ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors distinguish a third component, the basal telencephalic commissure ( Lamantia-1990 ). It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It provides a prominent landmark for ventriculography and MRI. Thus, a point on or within the anterior commissure at the midline is commonly designated the zero point of stereotaxic space in brain atlases, including Talairach-1988 for the human, Martin-2000 for the macaque, and Bowden-2011 for the mouse.
commissure antérieure
Commissura anterior
commissure rostralis
Commissura anterior cerebri
rostral commissure
precommissure
anterior commissure
передняя спайка
comisura anterior
paleocortical commissure
komisur anterior
commissura anteriore
белая спайка
передняя комиссура
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=206
refers to one of two parts of the anterior commissure identified on the basis of topology. The other is the temporal limb of the anterior commissure. In the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Carmichael-1996 ) it is anterior to, and smaller than the temporal limb. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is anteroventral to, and considerably larger than the temporal limb.
Commissura rostralis, pars anterior
передняя часть передней спайки
parte anteriore della commissura anteriore
anterior part of the anterior commissure
olfactory limb of anterior commissure
olfactory limb of the anterior commissure
porzione olfattiva della commissura anteriore
Pars olfactoria commissurae anterioris
anterior commissure, olfactory limb
Commissura anterior, crus anterius
anterior part of anterior commissure
commissura anteriore (parte anteriore)
Commissura anterior, pars anterior
Commissura anterior, pars olfactoria
anterior commissure, anterior part
olfactory part of anterior commissure
porzione anteriore della commissura anteriore
porción olfatoria de la comisura anterior
porción anterior de la comisura anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=207
refers to one of two parts of the anterior commissure identified on the basis of internal structure. The other is the olfactory limb of the anterior commissure. In the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Carmichael-1996 ) it is posterior to, and larger than the olfactory limb. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is posterodorsal to, and considerably smaller than the olfactory limb.
porzione posteriore della commissura anteriore
Commissura anterior, crus posterius
anterior commissure, temporal limb
temporal limb of anterior commissure
temporal limb of the anterior commissure
anterior commissure, posterior part
posterior part of anterior commissure
posterior part of the anterior commissure
Commissura anterior, pars posterior
porción posterior de la comisura anterior
parte posteriore della commissura anteriore
Commissura rostralis, pars posterior
задняя часть передней спайки
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=208
N/A
Lamina terminalis
lame terminale
lamina terminale
конечная пластинка
терминальная пластинка
lamina terminalis
lamina terminal
передняя пластинка
lamina terminalis
lámina supraóptica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=209
N/A
Ventriculus lateralis
первый и второй боковые желудочки
erster und zweiter Ventrikel
seitliche Hirnkammer
lateral ventricle
Seitenventrikel
латеральный желудочек
ventricule latéral
ventricolo laterale
боковой желудочек
ventrikel lateral
ventrículo lateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=210
refers to a surface feature of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection it is a long horizontal protrusion into the medial wall of the ventricle produced by the calcarine sulcus ( Wikipedia ).
Calcar avis
calcar avis
птичья шпора
calcar avis of the lateral ventricle
calcar avis
calcar avis
calcar avis
Vogelsporn
Pes hippocampi minor
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=211
refers to a surface feature of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection it is a swelling in the lateral wall of the ventricle next to the hippocampal formation. It is continuous with the flatter collateral trigone. It is caused by the invagination of the collateral sulcus. It's size depends on the depth of that sulcus, so it is not always present ( Wikipedia ).
collateral eminence of the lateral ventricle
Eminentia collateralis
Eminentia occipito-temporalis
collateral eminence
eminenza collaterale
боковой бугорок
éminence collatérale
коллатеральное возвышение
eminencia colateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=212
N/A
parieto-occipital eminence
Eminentia parieto-occipitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=213
refers to a surface feature of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection it is a narrow longitudinally oriented area bounded medially by the tenia choroidea and laterally by the thalamostriate vein and stria terminalis ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lamina affixa
прикрепленная пластинка
lamina affixa
lamina affixa
lamina affixa of the lateral ventricle
Lamina affixa
lamina affixa
lámina córnea
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=214
refers to a surface feature of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection it is the line of attachment of the tela choroidea of the lateral ventricle to the dorsal surface of the thalamus. "It extends from the interventricular foramen diagonally across the thalamus to its ventrolateral border and then along the stria terminalis to the region of the amygdala" ( Crosby-1962 ).
taenia chorioidea
Taenia semicircularis
Tenia choroidea (ventriculi lateralis)
tenia choroidea
tenia corioidea
tenia semicircularis
Taenia choroidea (ventriculi lateralis)
сосудистая лента
Tenia choroidea of lateral ventricle
tenia choroidea of the lateral ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=215
refers to a surface feature of the medial wall of the lateral ventricle in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection it is the line of attachment of the tela choroidea of the lateral ventricle to the lateral surface of the fimbria ( Crosby-1962 ).
Taenia fimbriae
Tenia fimbria
tenia of the fimbria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=216
refers to a surface feature of the medial wall of the lateral ventricle in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection it is the line of attachment of the tela choroidea of the lateral ventricle to the lateral surface of the fornix ( Crosby-1962 ).
Tenia fornicis
tenia of the fornix
Taenia fornicis
лента свода
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=217
refers to a surface feature of the lateral ventricle in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection it is a flattened triangular area located at the junction of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle ( Riley-1943 ).
Trigonum collaterale
atrium of lateral ventricle
atrium del ventrículo lateral
trígono colateral
collateral trigone of the lateral ventricle
collateral trigone
atrium
Atrium ventriculi lateralis
trigone of lateral ventricle
atrium
lateral ventricle, trigone
atrio del ventricolo laterale
trigonum ventriculi lateralis
треугольник латерального желудочка
Ventriculus lateralis, trigonum collaterale
segitiga kolateral
trigono collaterale
коллатеральный треугольник
ventricolo laterale, trigono
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=218
N/A
pleksus koroid ventrikel lateral
choroid plexus, lateral ventricle
Plexus choroideus (ventriculi lateralis)
plesso corioideo del ventricolo laterale
сосудистое сплетение латерального желудочка
Plexus choroidae ventriculi lateralis
Plexus choroideus ventriculi lateralis
сосудистое сплетение бокового желудочка
chorioid plexus of lateral ventricle
choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=219
N/A
tela corioidea del ventricolo laterale
Tela choroidea (ventriculi lateralis)
Tela choroidea ventriculi lateralis
tela choroidea of the lateral ventricle
сосудистая ткань бокового желудочка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=220
N/A
Vorderhorn des Seitenventrikels
Ventriculus lateralis, cornu frontale
Cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis
frontal horn
ventricolo laterale, corno anteriore
лобной рог
frontal horn of lateral ventricle
anterior horn of lateral ventricle
Cornu frontale (ventriculi lateralis)
asta anterior del ventrículo lateral
передний рог латерального желудочка
Cornu anterius (ventriculi lateralis)
asta frontal
ventricolo laterale, corno frontale
Ventriculus lateralis, cornu anterius
frontal horn of the lateral ventricle
corne frontale du ventricule latéral
tanduk anterior ventrikel lateral
kornu anterior ventrikel lateral
corno anteriore del ventricolo laterale
corno frontale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=221
N/A
corpo del ventricolo laterale
Pars centralis (ventriculi lateralis)
body of the lateral ventricle
body of lateral ventricle
центральная часть бокового желудочка
cuerpo del ventrículo lateral
central part of lateral ventricle
cella media ventriculi lateralis
Corpus ventriculi lateralis
Pars centralis ventriculi lateralis
Ventriculus lateralis, pars centralis
срединная полость бокового желудочка
badan ventrikel lateral
Mittelteil des Seitenventrikels
Ventriculus lateralis, corpus
средняя часть латерального желудочка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=222
N/A
ventricolo laterale, corno inferiore
temporal horn
corne temporale du ventricule latéral
Cornu inferius (ventriculi lateralis)
asta temporal
височный рог
asta inferior del ventrículo lateral
corno inferiore del ventricolo laterale
corno temporale
ventricolo laterale (corno inferiore)
Cornu temporale (ventriculi lateralis)
Ventriculus lateralis, cornu temporale
нижний рог латерального желудочка
Unterhorn des Seitenventrikels
tanduk inferior (temporal) ventrikel lateral
ventricolo laterale, corno temporale
Ventriculus lateralis, cornu inferius
temporal horn of the lateral ventricle
inferior horn of lateral ventricle
Cornu inferius ventriculi lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=223
N/A
posterior horn of lateral ventricle
tanduk posterior
задний рог латерального желудочка
corno occipitale
Cornu occipitale (ventriculi lateralis)
asta occipital
corne occipitale du ventricule latéral
Ventriculus lateralis, cornu occipitale
occipital horn of the lateral ventricle
occipital horn of lateral ventricle
tanduk oksipital
corno posteriore del ventricolo laterale
затылрчный рог
occipital horn
Hinterhorn der Seitenventrikel
Cornu posterius (ventriculi lateralis)
ventricolo laterale, corno occipitale
ventricolo laterale, corno posteriore
Ventriculus lateralis, cornu posterius
asta posterior del ventrículo lateral
Cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224
refers to the group of large nuclei that comprise the major subcortical portion of the endbrain. Classically the group included the striatum, the globus pallidus, the claustrum, the endopiriform claustrum, the amygdala and intervening tracts and laminae ( Nomina-1983 ).
Most authors now use the term in reference to the basal ganglia circuit. Some earlier authors used it in referring to subsets of the classical group ( see: basal ganglia of Carpenter, basal ganglia of Crosby, and basal ganglia of Martin ).
basal nuclei
basal ganglia (anatomic)
gangli della base
ganglion basal
Stammganglien
corpus striatum (Savel'ev)
подкорковые ядра
basal ganglia
базальные ядра
Nuclei basales
базальные узлы
полосатое тело
ganglios basales
Ganglia basales
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=225
refers to the largest of five predominantly cellular components of the basal ganglia ( Nomina-1983 ). In the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-1997 ) it has two parts, the caudate nucleus and the putamen. The caudate nucleus encircles the putamen, separated from it by the internal capsule.
The caudate nucleus and the putamen are not distinguishable in the rat and mouse. There the myelinated fibers that penetrate the striatum to connect the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures do not form an internal capsule but are distributed throughout the striatum. Thus, in the rodent the striatum is commonly called 'caudoputamen' ( Swanson-2004 ).
In the striatopallidal system, the classical striatum, or caudoputamen, is the largest part of the dorsal striatum ( Heimer-1995 ). See also: extended striatum. Functionally it is part of the cerebral nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
caudoputamen
neostriat
neostriato
striatum
Corpus striatum (Zilles)
neostriatum
striato
striate nucleus
caudate-putamen
neostriatum
dorsal striatum
Basalganglien (im engeren Sinne)
striat
caudate putamen
Streifenkörper
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=226
refers to a predominantly cellular component of the striatum in the primate. Defined on the basis of Nissl and myelin stains it is more medial than the other component, the putamen. The caudate nucleus encircles the putamen, separated from it by the internal capsule ( Carpenter-1983 ). The caudate nucleus and the putamen are not distinguishable in the rodent. There the myelinated fibers that pass through the striatum to connect the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures do not form an internal capsule but are distributed throughout the striatum. Thus, in the rodent the striatum is often called 'caudoputamen' ( Swanson-2004 ).
In the striatopallidal system, the classical striatum, or caudoputamen, is the largest part of the dorsal striatum ( Heimer-1995 ). Functionally it belongs to the cerebral nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
Caudatus
noyau caudé
nucleo caudato
Nucleus caudatus
хвостатое ядро
nukleus kaudat
caudate nucleus
Schweifkern
núcleo caudado
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=227
N/A
head of the caudate nucleus
Caput (caudatus)
Caput nuclei caudati
головка хвостатого ядра
nucleo caudato (testa)
kepala nukleus kaudat
testa del nucleo caudato
head of caudate nucleus
núcleo caudado (cabeza)
head
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=228
N/A
Corpus nuclei caudati
body of the caudate nucleus
body
тело хвостатого ядра
body of caudate nucleus
Corpus (caudatus)
corpo del caudato
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=229
N/A
хвост хвостатого ядра
Cauda nuclei caudati
tail of caudate nucleus
tail of the caudate nucleus
tail
ekor nukleus kaudat
Cauda (caudatus)
núcleo caudado (cola)
queue du noyau caudé
coda del nucleo caudato
nucleo caudato (coda)
задний заострённый конец хвостатого ядра
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=230
refers to a predominantly cellular component of the striatum in the primate. Defined on the basis of Nissl and myelin stains it is more lateral than the other component, the caudate nucleus. The caudate nucleus encircles the putamen, separated from it by the internal capsule ( Carpenter-1983 ). The caudate nucleus and the putamen are not distinguishable in the rodent. There the myelinated fibers that pass through the striatum to connect the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures do not form an internal capsule but are distributed throughout the striatum. Thus, in the rodent the striatum is often called 'caudoputamen' ( Swanson-2004 ).
In the striatopallidal system, the classical striatum, or caudoputamen, is the largest part of the dorsal striatum ( Heimer-1995 ). Functionally it is part of the cerebral nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
Putamen
putamen
Schalenkörper
putamen
Nucleus putamen
скорлупа
putamen
Schale
putamen
putamen
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=231
N/A
paleostriatum
pallidum
globus palidus
paleostriat
globo pallido
paleostriato
Globus pallidus
Nucleus pallidus
бледный шар
globo pálido
globus pallidus (Burdach)
globus pallidus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=232
N/A
external globus pallidus
segmento laterale del pallido
Globus pallidus (rat)
Globus pallidus lateralis
globus pallidus, external segment
globus pallidus, lateral segment
lateral division of globus pallidus
латеральный бледный шар
segmento pallidale laterale
nucleus lateralis globi pallidi
globus pallidus, lateral part
globus pallidus (segmen-luar)
Globus pallidus, pars externa
Pallidus II
латеральное ядро бледного шара
globus pallidus, pars lateralis
globus pallidus segmen lateral
lateral pallidal segment
lateral globus pallidus
Globus pallidus externus
lateral segment of the globus pallidus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=233
N/A
entopeduncular nucleus (Monakow)
globus pallidus segmen medial
globus pallidus medialis
Globus pallidus medialis
медиальный бледный шар
globus pallidus, internal segment
medial segment of the globus pallidus
mesial pallidum
medial pallidal segment
internal globus pallidus
entopeduncular nucleus
segmento mediale del globo pallido
globus pallidus, medial part
segmento pallidale mediale
Globus pallidus, pars interna
medial division of globus pallidus
globus pallidus (segmen-dalam)
Globus pallidus internus
globus pallidus, medial segment
medial globus pallidus
Pallidus I
медиальное ядро бледного шара
nucleus medialis globi pallidi
Globus pallidus pars medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=234
The lateral medullary lamina is a thin white structure located in the basal ganglia of the primate brain. Bounded laterally by the putamen and medially by the globus pallidus, it is defined on the basis of Nissl or myelin stain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Lamina medullaris lateralis
латеральная мозговая пластинка
external medullary lamina of lentiform nucleus
lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus
Lamina pallidi externa
outer medullary lamina
lateral medullary lamina
Lamella pallidi externa
lateral medullary stria
external medullary lamina of globus pallidus
Globus pallidus, lamina medullaris externa
Lamina medullaris externa pallidi
lateral medullary lamina of pallidum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=235
refers to a thin white structure identified by Nissl and myelin stains in the basal ganglia of primates. It is located in the globus pallidus between the medial globus pallidus and the lateral globus pallidus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus
internal medullary lamina of globus pallidus
medial medullary lamina of pallidum
medial medullary lamina
медиальная мозговая пластинка
inner medullary lamina
Globus pallidus, lamina medullaris interna
mml
Lamella pallidi interna
Lamina pallidi interna
Lamina medullaris medialis
internal medullary lamina of lentiform nucleus
medial medullary stria
Lamina medullaris interna pallidi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=236
refers to a thin white layer that subdivides the medial segment of the globus pallidus into the inner portion of the medial globus pallidus and the outer portion of the medial globus pallidus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Lamella pallidi incompleta
Lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi
incomplete medullary lamina of globus pallidus
accessory medullary lamina
lamina midollare accessoria del pallido
accessory medullary lamina of pallidum
Lamina pallidi incompleta
Lamina medullaris accessoria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=237
N/A
amygdala
Mandelkörper
Corpus amygdalae
complejo nuclear amigdalino
amygdaloid nuclear complex
amygdaloid body
archistriatum
arkistriat
complesso amigdaloideo
Mandelkernkomplex
nucleus amygdalae
classical amygdala
Mandel
nukleus amigdaloid
complesso nucleare dell'amigdala
nucleo dell'amigdala
Amygdala
amígdala
amygdaloid nuclear groups
amygdaloid nucleus
arquiestrado
Mandelkern
Corpus amygdaloideum
миндалевидное ядро
complejo amigdalino
complesso dell'amigdala
миндалина
amigdala
amigdala
миндалевидный комплекс
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238
N/A
badan amigdaloid kortikomedial
Pars corticomedialis (Corpus amygdaloideum)
grupo nuclear corticomedial
gruppo corticomediale
Corpus amygdaloideum pars corticomedialis
corticomedial amygdala
corticomedial nuclear group
корково-медиальная часть
обонятельная часть
gruppo nucleare corticomediale
Corpus amygdaloideum pars olfactoria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=239
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined part of the rostral amygdala. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it is located dorsomedially; it is bounded medially by the entorhinal sulcus and laterally by the part of the ventral claustrum known as the endopiriform claustrum. Proceeding caudally its upper (in human) or lateral (in macaque) boundary is formed by the central amygdalar nucleus. Its ventral boundary is formed by the cortical amygdalar nucleus, the medial amygdalar nucleus and the accessory basal nucleus.
In the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) it is bounded by the same structures except that part of its rostromedial boundary is with the basal nucleus and part of the lower boundary is with the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. Some authors regard the part of the area that meets the brain surface in the rat and mouse as belonging to the medial amygdalar nucleus ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).
Classically the anterior amygdalar area has been classified as part of the corticomedial nuclear group of the amygdala (Click 'Locus in Brain Hierarchy' below; Carpenter-1983 ). In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it is part of the extended striatum ( Swanson-2004 ).
Area amydaliformis anterior
área amigdalina anterior
Area anterior amygdalae
anterior amygdaloid area
Area amygdaloidea anterior
переднее миндалевидное поле
anterior amygdalar area
area amigdaloidea anteriore
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=240
refers to the greater part of the amygdala facing the medial surface of the temporal lobe in primates and the ventromedial surface of the cerebral hemisphere in rodents. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is subdivided variously by different authors. Most,divide it into an anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus and a posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus. In the human and the macaque its cortical surface is referred to as the periamygdalar area ( Carpenter-1983 ), and some authors refer the the cortical nucleus itself as periamygdalar cortex ( Amaral-1992; Olmos-2004 ).
periamygdaloid cortex
nucleo corticale amigdaloideo
núcleo amigdalino cortical
para-amygdaloid cortex
Nucleus corticalis amygdalae
ventral cortical amygdaloid nucleus
cortical amygdaloid nucleus
korteks periamigdaloid
Cortex periamygdaloideus
cortical amygdalar nucleus
Nucleus amygdalae corticalis
cortical amygdalar area
periamygdaläre Rinde
ventral cortical nucleus
noyau cortical
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=241
refers to a composite structure of the amygdala defined on the basis of Nissl stain. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) it consists of two parts, the anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the posterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus.
In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is subdivided into five parts: the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract.
Classically the medial amygdalar nucleus is categorized as part of the corticomedial nuclear group ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional nervous system it is classified as part of the extended striatum ( Swanson-2004 ).
noyau médial
nucleo mediale amigdaloideo
Nucleus amygdalae medialis
Nucleus medialis amygdalae
medial nucleus of amygdala
Nucleus amygdaloideus medialis
medial amygdaloid nucleus
medial amygdalar nucleus
núcleo amigdalino medial
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=242
N/A
nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
núcleo de la cintilla olfatoria lateral
nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
Nucleus of tractus olfactorius lateralis
nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (Ganser)
nucleo del tratto olfattivo laterale
Nucleus striae olfactoriae lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=243
N/A
central nucleus of amygdala
central amygdaloid nucleus
noyau central
Nucleus centralis amygdalae
Nucleus amygdaloideus centralis
central nucleus amygdala
Nucleus amygdalae centralis
núcleo central
central amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=244
N/A
vicarious cortex
amygdaloid basolateral complex
grupo nuclear basolateral
Pars basolateralis (Corpus amygdaloideum)
basolateral amygdala complex
basolateral nuclear group
gruppo nucleare basolaterale
базально-латеральная часть
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=245
N/A
Nucleus amygdaloideus lateralis
lateral amygdaloid nucleus
Nucleus lateralis amygdalae
lateral principal nucleus of amygdala
lateral nucleus of amygdala
lateral nucleus of the amygdala
noyau latéral
nucleo amigdaloideo laterale
Nucleus amygdalae lateralis
núcleo amigdalino lateral
lateral amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=246
N/A
basal nucleus of the amygdala
basolateral amygdalar nucleus
Nucleus amygdaloideus basalis
Nucleus amygdalae basalis
basolateral nucleus of the amygdala
basal amygdaloid nucleus
nucleo basale
basolateral nucleus (De Olmos)
basolateral nucleus of amygdala
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus
noyau basal
badan amigdaloid basolateral
Nucleus amygdaloideus basolateralis
núcleo amigdalino basal
Nucleus basalis amygdalae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=247
N/A
Nucleus amygdaloideus basalis, pars lateralis magnocellularis
lateral part of the basolateral nucleus
lateral part of basal amygdaloid nucleus
lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus
Nucleus amygdalae basalis, pars lateralis
lateral division of the basal nucleus
Nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae
lateral basal nucleus of the amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=248
N/A
medial division of basal nucleus
medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus
Nucleus amygdalae basalis, pars medialis
Nucleus basalis medialis amygdalae
medial part of the basolateral nucleus
Nucleus amygdaloideus basalis pars lateralis parvocellularis
medial basal nucleus of amygdala
medial part of the basal amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=249
N/A
medial principal nucleus
basomedial amygdalar nucleus
accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala
Nucleus amygdaloideus basomedialis
basomedial nucleus (De Olmos)
accessory basal nucleus
Nucleus amygdaloideus basalis, pars medialis
núcleo amigdalino basal accesorio
basomedial nucleus of amygdala
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus
nucleo amigdaloideo basale accessorio
basomedial nucleus of the amygdala
basal amygdaloid nucleus, medial part
accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus
noyau basal accessoire
Nucleus amygdalae basalis accessorius
Nucleus basalis accessorius amygdalae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=250
N/A
Nucleus intercalatus amygdalae
Massa intercalata
intercalated amygdalar nuclei
intercalated masses
Nucleus amygdalae intercalatus
intercalated nuclei of amygdala
intercalated nucleus of the amygdala
intercalated masses of nucleus amygdaloideus
intercalated nuclei amygdala
intercalated amygdaloid nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=251
refers to one of five parts of the classical basal ganglia. The others are the striatum, globus pallidus, amygdala and claustrum. It is a collection of cells located between the claustrum on the one hand and the piriform area and amygdala on the other. It relates in structure and topology to the overlying piriform area as the claustrum relates to the cortical area, particularly the insular cortex, which overlies it. The endopiriform claustrum is found in the human ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ), the macaque ( Price-1990 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
In rodents and the macaque it has two subdivisions: the dorsal endopiriform claustrum and the ventral endopiriform claustrum. In rodents both are located between the piriform area ventrolaterally and the external capsule medially; the location of the dorsal endopiriform claustrum is clearly superior to the ventral endopiriform claustrum. The temporal lobe of the macaque, which corresponds to the ventrolateral area of the rodent, is a much expanded, medially rotated structure. Thus, in the macaque the location of the ventral part of the endopiriform claustrum is medial and superior to the dorsal part ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the human the endopiriform claustrum is not divided into dorsal and ventral parts ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ). Some anatomists divide it into several components: including ventral, prepiriform, diffuse, temporal, limitans, preamygdalar, and ventral parts ( Mai-2004 ).
The endopiriform claustrum of rodents is known as the endopiriform nucleus, which emphasizes its relation to the overlying piriform area ( Swanson-2004 ). Classically in primates it was known by a variety of names that emphasized its location between the claustrum and the amygdala; 'claustral-amygdalar area' for example ( Crosby-1962 ). Functionally it belongs to the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral claustrum
endopiriform claustrum
claustral amygdalar area
endopiriform nucleus
claustrum parvum
ventral portion of claustrum
claustral amygdaloid area
claustrum diffusa
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=252
N/A
claustrum (Burdach)
antemuro
claustrum
claustro
klaustrum
dorsal claustrum
claustrum
claustro
Claustrum
dorsal portion of claustrum
Vormauer
ограда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=253
N/A
cápsula externa
external capsule
capsule externe
kapsul ekstern
capsula esterna
external capsule (Burdach)
kapsul luar
Capsula externa
наружная капсула
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=254
N/A
cápsula extrema
крайняя капсула
Capsula extrema
capsula estrema
kapsul ekstrem
самая наружная капсула
extreme capsule
capsule extréme
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=255
N/A
Scheidwand
Septum
перегородка
septum
Septum pellucidum (BNA,PNA)
Septum telencephali
Massa praecommissuralis
прозрачная перегородка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=256
N/A
septum pellucidum
setto pellucido
Septum gliosum
прозрачная перегородка
septum pelusidum
Septum pellucidum
septum pellucidum
supracommissural septum
septum pellucidum
Scheidewand
Kammerscheidewand
Septum lucidum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=257
N/A
cave of septum pellucidum
ventriculus quintus
Cavum septi pellucidi
cave of the septum pellucidum
fifth ventricle
полость прозрачной перегородки
пятый желудочек
cavidad del septum pellucidum
cavum of septum pellucidum
ventriculus septi pellucidi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=258
N/A
lamina of the septum pellucidum
пластинка прозрачной перегородки
Lamina septi pellucidi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=259
N/A
septal nuclei
Nuclei septales
nuclei septi
Septumkerne
nukleus septal
ядра перегородки
parolfactory nuclei
nukleus-nukleus septal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=260
N/A
dorsal septal nucleus
Nucleus dorsalis septi
Nucleus septalis dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=261
N/A
Nucleus septi lateralis
Nucleus septalis lateralis
lateral parolfactory nucleus
lateral septal nucleus (Cajal)
Nucleus lateralis septi
lateral septum nucleus
lateral septal nucleus
nucleo settale laterale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=262
N/A
Nucleus septalis medialis
medial septal nucleus (Cajal)
medial septum nucleus
nucleo settale mediale
Nucleus medialis septi
N. septi medialis
medial septal nucleus
medial parolfactory nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=263
N/A
triangular nucleus of the septum
triangular septal nucleus
triangular nucleus septum (Cajal)
Nucleus triangularis septi
Nucleus septalis triangularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=264
N/A
scattered nucleus of the septum
nucleus septofimbrialis
septofimbrial nucleus
Nucleus septalis fimbrialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=265
N/A
nuclei of horizontal and vertical limbs of diagonal band
Nucleus fasciculi diagonalis Brocae
nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca
nucleus of diagonal band
diagonal nucleus
nucleus of the diagonal band
olfactory area (Roberts)
diagonal band nucleus
Area olfactoria (Roberts)
nucleo della banda diagonale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=266
N/A
nucleus of commissura anterior
nucleus of the anterior commissure
Nucleus commissurae anterior
Nucleus commissurae anterioris
Nucleus interstitialis commissurae anterior
bed nucleus of anterior commissure
bed nucleus of the anterior commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=267
refers to a predominantly cellular structure defined on the basis of Nissl stain that wraps around the dorsal, rostral and ventral surfaces of the anterior commissure. It is bounded laterally by the internal capsule, medially by the anterior column of the fornix and the lateral septal nucleus, and dorsally by the head of the caudate nucleus and the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle. It is found in the human, the macaque, the rat and the mouse. Classically it is categorized as one of the septal nuclei ( Andy-1968 ). In recent decades, however, authors have, on the basis of other stains and connectivity studies, subdivided it and incorporated it into a broader concept: (bed) nuclei of stria terminalis. This includes cell groups classically identified with parts of the anterior hypothalamic region and the substantia innominata. In the Functional CNS Model - Rat the nuclei of stria terminalis are categorized as part of the ventral pallidum ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus striae terminalis
intercalate nucleus of stria terminalis
Nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis
nucleus of stria terminalis
interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis
bed nucleus of stria terminalis
nucleus of the stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=268
N/A
fornix
fornice
fornix
Fornix
Bogen
Gewölbe
Wölbung
forniks
fornix cerebri
свод большого мозга
trígono cerebral
fórnix
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=269
N/A
colonna anteriore del fornice
Columna anterior fornicis
pilar del trígono
anterior crus of fornix
Fornix, crus anterius
anterior column of the fornix
anterior column of fornix
anterior pillar of fornix
anterior column
colonna del fornice
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=270
N/A
fornice precommissurale
Fornix precommissuralis
столб свода
Fornix praecommissuralis
precommissural fornix
fibre precommissurali del fornice
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=271
N/A
тело свода
столб свода
body of fornix
Columna fornicis
body of the fornix
column of fornix
kolom forniks
corpo del fornice
badan forniks
Corpus fornicis
Fornix, corpus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=272
N/A
posterior crus of fornix
crus del fornice
posterior column
posterior column of the fornix
crus of fornix
posterior pillar of fornix
krus forniks
ножка свода
Crus fornicis
posterior column of fornix
Fornix, crus posterius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=273
N/A
dorsal hippocampal commissure
commissura del fornice
commissure of fornix
Lyra Davidis
Commissura fornicis
commissure of the fornix
hippocampal commissure
psalterium
Commissura hippocampi
Psalterium
Давидовой лиры
comisura del fórnix
komisur forniks (hippokampus)
Commissura hippocampalis dorsalis
спайка свода
fornical commissure
archicortical commissure
commissura ippocampale
Lyra
Commissura hippocampi dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=274
refers to a predominantly cellular portion of the basal endbrain defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Caudal to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the globus pallidus and dorsal to the amygdala. Rostral to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the striatum. The more rostral portion contains the basal nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ).
In the late twentieth century the region containing the substantia innominata was resegmented on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity to constitute the striatopallidal system ( Heimer-1995 ). In this scheme the caudal portion of substantia innominata is located largely in the ventral pallidum and the rostral portion in the ventral striatum.
substance innominée
Substantia innominata of Reichert
Substantia innominata of Reil
sustancia innominada
substantia innominata (Reil, Reichert)
Substantia innominata
substantia innominata
Substantia innominata of Meynert
substriatal gray
sostanza innominata
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=275
refers to discrete groups of large cells revealed by Nissl stain in the rostral portion of the substantia innominata of the human ( Anthoney-1994; Schiebler-1999 ) and the macaque ( Szabo-1984 ). The primate structure probably has a topological equivalent in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ), which has been variously known as the magnocellular preoptic nucleus, the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, and the magnocellular nucleus of the pallidum ( Swanson-2004 ).
magnocellular nucleus of the pallidum
basal forebrain nucleus
magnocellular preoptic nucleus
basal nuclei of Meynert
nucleo basale
magnocellular basal complex
Nucleus basalis Meynert
basal nucleus of Meynert
Nucleus basalis (Meynert)
ganglion of Meynert
basal magnocellular nucleus
nucleus basalis of Meynert
basal magnocellular nucleus (substantia innominata)
nucleus basalis
Nucleus basalis
nucleus of substantia innominata
magnocellular basal forebrain
basal nucleus
nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (Price-Powell)
Basalkernkomplex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=276
N/A
Insula Callejae
insula of Calleja
islands of Calleja (olfactory tubercle)
islands of Calleja
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=277
N/A
nucleo accumbens del setto
Nucleus accumbens
Colliculus nuclei caudati
прилежащее ядро
colliculus of caudate nucleus
accumbens nucleus
nucleus accumbens
Nucleus accumbens septi
nucleus accumbens septi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=278
refers to a part of the limbic lobe of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of topology in the human. It is located rostral to the paraterminal gyrus, ventral to the anterior cingulate gyrus and caudal to the superior frontal gyrus and straight gyrus. The nomenclature for this cortical region of the human is unusually confused ( Anthoney-1994 ). NeuroNames adheres to the definition of Carpenter-1983 and Kahle-2001.
subcallosal area
badan parolfaktor
área subcallosa
área paraolfatoria de Broca
околообонятельная область
area paraolfattiva
Area parolfactoria
околообонятельное поле
Carrefour olfactif
подмозолистое поле
gyrus subcalleux
Carrefour
Zuckerkandl's gyrus
area subcallosa
adolfactory area
parolfactory area
area parolfactoria
Area subcallosa
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=279
refers, in the human and macaque, to a small oval white structure located in the cleft between the ventral surface of the frontal lobe and the floor of the cranial cavity ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the rat and mouse it is a much larger structure in comparison to rest of the brain; there it occupies almost a quarter of the length of the cranial cavity ( Swanson-2004 ). Though classically considered a separate structure from the cerebral cortex in primates ( Nomina-1983 ), it is classified on the basis of internal structure as a component of paleocortex in all species ( Stephan-1975 ). In all species it is connected rostrally with the olfactory nerve. Caudally in primates it connects with the olfactory peduncle; in rodents it connects through the olfactory tract directly to the olfactory tubercle and olfactory areas (rodent) of the cerebral cortex ( Swanson-2004 ). It is a layered structure that contains cell bodies of the second neurons in the olfactory system. It is a key structure in the system that mediates the sense of smell.
обонятельная луковица
main olfactory bulb
olfactory bulb
benjol penghidu
bulbus olfactorius (Morgagni)
bulbo olfattivo
bulbus penghidu
Bulbus olfactorius
bulbus olfactorius
olfactory lobe (Barr & Kiernan)
bulbe olfactif
морганиев узел
bulbo olfatorio
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=280
refers to the most rostral group of nerve cells that receive input from the olfactory bulb. The cells are identified histologically by Nissl stain. In the human and the macaque they form small groups scattered within the olfactory tract from the olfactory bulb through the olfactory peduncle to a much larger group on the dorsal surface of the tract on the underside of the orbital gyri. It is composed of several subgroups, which are defined by topology.
Since the overall structure of the nucleus differs by species, the subgroups vary considerably. The human has only bulbar, medial, and lateral subdivisions ( Price-2004 ). The macaque has, in addition, external and dorsal subdivisions ( Price-2004 ). The rat has medial, lateral, dorsal, external and posteroventral parts ( Swanson-2004 ). And the mouse has the same as the rat except for a ventral part and no posteroventral part ( Hof-2000 ). The nucleus is part of the olfactory system, which mediates the sense of smell.
olfaktorisches Gebiet
Regio retrobulbaris
nukleus olfaktori anterior
Nucleus olfactorius anterior
retrobulbar region
Area retrobulbaris
anterior olfactory nucleus
nucleo olfattivo anteriore
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=281
refers to the slight ridge on the ventral surface of the subcallosal area formed by the root of the olfactory peduncle ( Morris-1907 ). It expands into and is continuous with the termination of the cingulate gyrus ( Riley-1943 ).
giro olfattivo mediale
gyrus olfactorius medialis
Gyrus medius olfactorius
medial olfactory gyrus
медиальная обонятельная извилина
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=282
refers to a predominantly cellular structure defined on the basis of Nissl stain. It is located on the ventral surface of the endbrain caudal to the anterior olfactory nucleus, medial to the olfactory tract, rostral to the piriform area and ventral to the nucleus accumbens and substantia innominata. It contains some of the islands of Calleja.
In the human it is so little developed as to be barely distinguishable from the overlying nucleus accumbens. In the macaque it is somewhat more prominent and bounded medially by the tenia tecta ( Price-2004 ). In primates it does not protrude from surrounding areas and is penetrated by numerous small blood vessels. These give it the appearance on dissection that accounts for the name 'anterior perforated substance' in human neuroanatomy ( Crosby-1962 ).
The location in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) is the same as in the macaque. It protrudes on the rostroventral surface of the endbrain where it is more clearly stratified and much larger in proportion to the size of the brain than in primates. It is involved in the sense of smell.
subtansi perforata anterior
Substantia perforata anterior
обонятельный бугор
anterior perforated substance
tuber olfactorium
обонятельный бугорок
sostanza perforata anteriore
tubercolo olfattivo
anterior perforated area
olfactory area (Carpenter)
Area olfactoria (Mai)
Eminentia parolfactoria
anterior perforated space
rostral perforated substance
olfactory tubercle
переднее продырявленное вещество
substance perforée antérieure
Tuberculum olfactorium
área olfatoria
sustancia perforada anterior
olfactory area (Mai)
olfactory tubercle (Ganser)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=283
refers to a slender cylindrical structure that connects the olfactory bulb of primates anteriorly with the lateral olfactory tract and anterior olfactory nucleus on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe posteriorly. Defined on the basis of dissection it lies on the ventral surface of the orbital gyri in the olfactory sulcus between the straight gyrus medially and the medial orbital gyrus laterally ( Anthoney-1994 ). It contains parts of the olfactory tract and the anterior olfactory nucleus. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is not found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ) where the olfactory bulb connects through the olfactory tract directly to the anterior olfactory nucleus, tenia tecta and piriform area of the rostral cerebral cortex. It is part of the olfactory system, which mediates the sensation of smell. Because the predominant component of the olfactory peduncle is the olfactory tract, it is often labeled 'olfactory tract' in illustrations.
olfactory tract
Tractus olfactorius
tractus olfactif
Pedunclulus olfactorius
обонятельный тракт
traktus olfactorius
traktus penghidu
cintilla olfatoria
olfactory peduncle
tratto olfattivo
Tractus olfactorium
olfactory stalk
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=284
refers a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the olfactory bulb with olfactory nuclei and the olfactory cortex of the ventral endbrain. It contains axons from the second neurons in the olfactory system, which are identified histologically by fiber and myelin stains. The tract originates on the lateral aspect of the olfactory bulb. In the human and the macaque it runs in the olfactory peduncle, in close relation to the anterior olfactory nucleus, onto the ventral posterior surface of the frontal lobe. There it passes lateral to the olfactory tubercle around the junction between the frontal and temporal lobes onto the anteromedial part of the temporal lobe, where it overlies the piriform area and the amygdala ( Price-2004 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it runs directly from the lateral aspect of the olfactory bulb to overlie the anterior olfactory nucleus and the piriform area lateral to the olfactory tubercle and thence to the cortical amygdalar nucleus. It is part of the olfactory system, which mediates the sensation of smell. Most authors continue to refer to the structure as the 'lateral olfactory tract', though the medial olfactory tract and the intermediate olfactory tract to which it was originally contrasted are no longer deemed to exist ( Price-1990 )
lateral olfactory stria
olfactory tract
stria olfaktori lateral
estrïa olfatoria lateral
lateral olfactory tract
Tractus olfactorius lateralis
латеральная обонятельная полоска
strie olfactive latéral
stria olfattiva laterale
Stria olfactoria lateralis
lateral olfactory tract, body
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=285
N/A
Fasciculus olfactorius (hippocampi)
Fasciculus diagonalis Brocae
banda de Broca
olfactory fasciculus
Fasciculus olfactorius cornu Ammonis
diagonal gyrus
gyrus diagonalis rhinencephli
Stria diagonalis
olfactory radiations of Zuckerkandl
diagonal band of Broca
banda diagonale di Broca
Gyrus diagonalis
diagonal band
bandelette diagonale de Broca
Fasciculus olfactorius
Stria diagonalis (Broca)
Bandeletta diagonalis
диагональная полоска (Брока)
cintilla diagonal de Broca
Broca's diagonal gyrus
Fasciculus septo-amygdalicus
извилина диагональной связки
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=286
refers to a predominantly white matter structure of the endbrain defined on the basis of myelin stains. It is the most prominent bundle of fibers that projects from the amydala, largely from the corticomedial nuclear group. It emerges from the amygdala caudally then, bounded medially by the lateral ventrical, it arches upward in a semicircular path following the ventricle and continues anteriorly in the junction of the caudate nucleus with the thalamus. As it reaches the major part of the nucleus of stria terminalis some fibers split into smaller bundles, which project ventrally to the medial preoptic area, the anterior hypothalamic area, and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Other terminal areas include the nucleus accumbens, the olfactory tubercle and, perhaps, the midline nuclear group of the thalamus. Most prominent in the human is the hypothalamic component.The stria terminalis also carries some fibers from the hypothalamus to the amygdala ( Olmos-1990 ).
semicircular stria
Fibrae striae terminalis
Stria terminalis
stria terminale
концевая полоска
терминальная полоска
terminal stria
stria terminalis
estría terminal del tálamo
stria terminal
stria terminalis
Stria semicircularis
пограничная полоска
strie terminale
волокна терминальной полоски
stria terminalis (Wenzel-Wenzel)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=287
N/A
jalur amigdalofugal ventral
ventral amygdalofugal projection
ventral amygdalofugal pathway
Tractus amygdalofugalis ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=288
N/A
between brain
Zwischenhirn
diencefalo
mature diencephalon
diencéfalo
промежуточный мозг
Diencephalon
diencephalon
otak-antara
interbrain
diensefalon
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=289
N/A
nervio óptico
cranial nerve II
saraf-otak kedua
Nervus opticus
nerf optique
nervus opticus
saraf optik
зрительный нерв
optic nerve
second cranial nerve
nervo ottico
Nerve II
Sehnerv
Hirnnerv II
II. Hirnnerv
nervo II
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=290
N/A
Tuberculum anterius thalami
anterior tubercle of thalamus
tubérculo anterior del tálamo
anterior tubercle
tubercolo anteriore del talamo
передний бугорок таламуса
Tuberculum anterius thalamicum
anterior thalamic tubercle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=291
N/A
terminal sulcus
Sulcus terminalis
terminal sulcus of thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=292
N/A
epitalamo
epithalamus
epitalamus
epitálamo
надбугорная область промежуточного мозга
эпиталамус
Epithalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=293
refers to a depressed elongated triangular area on the dorsomedial angle of the thalamus overlying the stria medullaris and the medial habenula. It is bounded posteriorly by the pineal peduncle ( Riley-1943 ).
Trigonum habenularis
Trigonum habenulare
Trigonum habenulae
habenular trigone
треугольник поводка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=294
N/A
habenula
ядра хабенулы
Zügel
nucleo abenulare
noyau de l'habenula
nukleus habenular
nuclei dell'abenula
Nucleus habenulae
Habenula
ганглий поводка
habenula
Ganglion habenulae
Zügelkerne
Ganglion intercrurale
Ganglion interpedunculare
Habenula complex
núcleo habenular
Zügelchen
abenula
Nuclei habenulares
хабенулярный ганглий
habenular nuclei
Nucleus habenularis
поводок
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=295
refers to one of two nuclei that comprise the habenular component of the epithalamus. It is present in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the medial habenula. Some authors divide the lateral habenula of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) into a medial part of the lateral habenula and lateral part of the lateral habenula. They do not subdivide the medial habenula.
Other authors do not subdivide the lateral habenula of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) but divide the medial habenula into two parts: the dorsal part of the medial habenula and the ventral part of the medial habenula.
Neither nucleus is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus habenularis lateralis
lateral habenula (Nissl)
lateral habenula
Nucleus habenularis lateralis epithalami
Nucleus habenulae lateralis
латеральное ядро поводка
lateral habenular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=296
refers to one of two nuclei that comprise the habenular component of the epithalamus. It is present in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the lateral habenula. Some authors divide the medial habenula of the rat into two parts: dorsal part of the medial habenula and ventral part of the medial habenula. They do not subdivide the lateral habenula ( Swanson-2004 ).
Other authors do not subdivide the medial habenula but divide the lateral habenula of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) into a medial part of the lateral habenula and lateral part of the lateral habenula.
Neither nucleus is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial habenular nucleus
Nucleus habenulae medialis
medial habenula (Nissl)
Nucleus habenularis medialis
Nucleus habenularis medialis (Hassler)
medial habenula
Nucleus habenularis medialis epithalami
медиальное ядро поводка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=297
N/A
pineal gland (Galen)
glándula pineal
Zirbeldrüse
corpo pineale
Conarium
Corpus pineale
epifisis serebrum
korpus pineal
ghiandola pineale
cuerpo pineal
pineal body
epífisis
pineal gland
pineal
Glandula pinealis
эпифиз
glande pinéale
corpus pineale
Epiphyse
Epiphysis cerebri
Epiphysis
шишковидная железа
шишковидное тело
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=298
N/A
stria medullaris
Stria medullaris thalami
stria medullaris thalami
strie médullaire
Stria habenularis
Stria medullaris thalamica
estría medular del tálamo
stria medullaris of thalamus
Stria medullaris
stria midollare
stria medullaris (Wenzel-Wenzel)
stria medular talamus
stria medullaris of the thalamus
мозговая полоска таламуса
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=299
N/A
спайка поводков
Commissura habenularum
habenular commissure (Haller)
Commissura habenularis
comisura habenular
комиссура поводков
komisur habenular
habenular commissure
commissura abenulare
пучок волокон, соединяющий две уздечки
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=300
N/A
thalamus
таламус
Sehhügel
Thalamus
Thalamus dorsalis
tálamo
dorsal thalamus (Anthoney)
thalamus
talamus
зрительный бугор
thalamus opticus
thalamencephalon
дорсальный таламус
задний таламус
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=301
N/A
interthalamic adhesion
Massa intermedia
межталамическое сращение
massa intermedia
massa intermedia
Adhesio interthalamica
adhesi antar-talamus
adesione interthalamica
Commissura media
промежуточная (средняя) масса
middle commissure
interthalamic connection
Adhaesio interthalamica
comisura gris intertalámica
adhésion interthalamique
срединный пучок волокон промежуточного мозга
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=302
N/A
anterior nuclear group of the thalamus
anterior thalamic nucleus
Nuclei anteriores thalami
Nucleus anterior thalami
Nucleus thalamicus anterior
grupo nuclear anterior
передние ядра таламуса
anterior nuclear group
kelompok nukleus anterior
gruppo nucleare anteriore
nuclei talamici anteriori
переднее ядро таламуса (зрительного нерва)
anterior thalamic nuclei
noyau thalamique antérieur
nukleus talamus anterior
anterior nucleus of thalamus
anterior thalamus
anterior nuclei of thalamus
nucleo anteriore del talamo
Nuclei anteriores (thalami)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=303
N/A
anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
nukleus anterodorsal (AD)
Nucleus anterodorsalis
переднедорсальное ядро
anterodorsal thalamic nucleus
anterodorsal nucleus
nucleo anterodorsale
Nucleus anterodorsalis of thalamus
anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus
Nucleus anterodorsalis (Hassler)
передне верхнее ядро
Nucleus anterodorsalis thalami
Nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami
Nucleus anterosuperior
Nucleus thalamicus anterodorsalis
Nucleus anterior dorsalis
Nucleus anterior thalami dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=304
N/A
anteromedial nucleus
Nucleus anterior medialis thalami
Nucleus anterior medialis
anteromedial thalamic nucleus
anteromedial nucleus of thalamus
Nucleus anterior thalami medialis
переднемедиальное ядро
nukleus anteromedial (AM)
Nucleus anteromedialis thalami
Nucleus anteromedialis (Hassler)
anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
nucleo anteromediale
Nucleus anteromedialis
Nucleus thalamicus anteromedialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=305
N/A
anterior ventral nucleus of thalamus
anteroventral thalamic nucleus
Nucleus anteroventralis
Nucleus anterior thalami ventralis
Nucleus anteroventralis thalami
Nucleus anterior ventralis
передневентральное ядро
anteroprincipal thalamic nucleus
anteroventral nucleus
передненижнее ядро таламуса
anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus
Nucleus anteroventralis of thalamus
anteroventral nucleus of thalamus
nukleus anteroventral (AV)
nucleo anteroventrale (principale)
Nucleus anterior principalis (Hassler)
Nucleus thalamicus anteroprincipalis
Nucleus thalamicus anteroventralis
Nucleus anteroinferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=306
N/A
midline thalamic nuclei
Nuclei mediani (thalami)
kelompok nukleus garis-tengah
gruppo nucleare mediale
periventricular nuclei of thalamus
kelompok nukleus median
midline nuclei of thalamus
midline nuclear group
nuclei della linea mediana
медиальные ядра (таламуса)
срединные ядра
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=307
N/A
Nucleus parataenialis
Nucleus parataenialis thalami
Nucleus paratenialis thalami
paratenial nucleus of the thalamus
paratenial nucleus
Nucleus parataenialis (Hassler)
Nuclei parataeniales thalami
paratenial thalamic nucleus
parataenial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=308
N/A
nucleo paraventricolare
Nucleus paraventricularis thalami
paraventricular nuclei
paraventricular gray
paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
paraventricular thalamic nucleus
paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus
паравентрикуярные ядра
Nucleus paramedianus (Hassler)
nukleus paraventrikular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=309
N/A
nukleus reuniens
соединяющее ядро
nucleus reuniens (Malone)
medioventral nucleus
reuniens nucleus
Nucleus reuniens thalami
nucleo reuniens
nucleus of reunions
reuniens thalamic nucleus
Nucleus endymalis (Hassler)
Nucleus reuniens
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=310
N/A
rhomboid nucleus of the thalamus
rhomboid nucleus
nukleus romboidal
Nucleus rhomboidalis thalami
rhomboid nucleus (Cajal 1904)
rhomboid thalamic nucleus
Nucleus rhomboidalis
rhomboidal nucleus
ромбовидное ядро
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=311
N/A
subfascicular nucleus
Nucleus subfascicularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=312
N/A
medial dorsal nucleus
noyau thalamique dorsomédial
nucleo dorsomediale
Nucleus thalamicus mediodorsalis
Nucleus dorsomedialis thalami
dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus
медиальные ядра (таламуса)
grupo nuclear medial
mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
medial nuclear group
mediodorsal nucleus
Nucleus medialis dorsalis (Hassler)
Nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami
dorsomedial nuclear group
medial thalamic nucleus
medial thalamic nuclei
nucleo talamico mediodorsale
Nucleus mediodorsalis thalami
верхнее медиальное ядро
дорсальное медиальное ядро
дорсомедиальное ядро таламуса
núcleo mediodorsal
nukleus medial
gruppo nucleare mediale
medial dorsal thalamic nucleus
Nuclei mediales (thalami)
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
nukleus medial dorsal (DM)
nucleo mediodorsale
dorsomedial nucleus
Nucleus medialis dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=313
N/A
Nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars multiformis
porzione paralaminare del nucleo mediodorsale
paralaminar part of dorsomedial nucleus
parte multiforme del nucleo mediodorsale
dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, paralaminar part
Nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami, pars multiformis
Nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars paralaminaris
paralaminar part
paralaminar part of the medial dorsal nucleus
ventral mediodorsal nucleus
Nucleus medialis dorsalis caudalis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=314
N/A
dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part
Nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars magnocellularis
magnocellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus
nukleus medial dorsal bagian magnoselular
Nucleus medialis fibrosus (Hassler)
magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus
magnocellular part of dorsomedial nucleus
porzione magnicellulare del nucleo mediodorsale
Nucleus medialis fibrosus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=315
N/A
parvicellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus
Nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars parvocellularis
lateral mediodorsal nucleus
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, pars fasciculosa
dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part
Nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus fasciculosus (Hassler)
nukleus medial dorsal bagian parvoselular
parte parvicellulare del nucleo mediodorsale
parvicellular part of dorsomedial nucleus
Nucleus medialis dorsalis fasciculosis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=316
N/A
densocellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus
Nucleus medialis dorsalis paralamellaris (Hassler)
Nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars densocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=317
N/A
nonspecific thalamic system
intralaminäre Kerne des Thalamus
внутрипластинчатые ядра (таламуса)
intralaminar nuclear group
nuclei talamici intralaminari
Nuclei intralaminares (thalami)
nukleus intralamina talamus
núcleos talámicos intralaminares
nuclei intralaminari
интраламинарные ядра
intralaminar nuclei of thalamus
intralaminar thalamic nuclei
intralaminäre Kerne
kelompok nukleus intralamina
intralaminäre Thalamuskerne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=318
N/A
Nuclei intralaminares rostrales
anterior group of intralaminar nuclei
nuclei intralaminari rostrali
rostral intralaminar nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=319
N/A
central dorsal nucleus
Nucleus centralis superior lateralis
Nucleus centralis superior lateralis thalami
Nucleus centralis dorsalis thalami
Nucleus circularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=320
N/A
Nucleus centralis lateralis thalami
central lateral nucleus of thalamus
nukleus sentral lateral (CL)
centrolateral thalamic nucleus
Nucleus centralis lateralis of thalamus
central lateral nucleus of the thalamus
central lateral nucleus
central lateral thalamic nucleus
латеральное центральное ядро
nucleo centrale laterale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=321
N/A
медиальное центральное ядро
central medial nucleus
Nucleus centralis medialis thalami
nucleo centrale mediale
central medial nucleus of thalamus
central medial nucleus of the thalamus
nukleus sentral medial
central medial thalamic nucleus
Nucleus centralis medialis
central medial nucleus thalamus (Rioch 1928)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=322
N/A
парацентральное ядро
paracentral nucleus
nucleo paracentrale
paracentral nucleus of the thalamus
Nucleus centralis lateralis superior (Kusama)
Nucleus paracentralis
nukleus parasentral
paracentral nucleus of thalamus
paracentral nucleus thalamus (Gurdjian 1927)
Nucleus paracentralis thalami
paracentral thalamic nucleus
PC
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=323
N/A
nukleus sentromedian (CM)
Nucleus centralis centralis
noyau thalamique centromédian
Centrum medianum thalami
nucleo centromediano
Nucleus centralis thalami (Hassler)
Nucleus centri mediani thalami
центральное срединное ядро
Nucleus centromedianus thalami
centre median nucleus
noyau centre median of Luys
central magnocellular nucleus of thalamus
centromedian thalamic nucleus
Nucleus centrum medianum
Centrum medianum
центромедиальное ядро таламуса
núcleo centromediano
central nucleus-1
centromedian nucleus
Nucleus centromedianus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=324
N/A
Nucleus parafascicularis
парафасциркулярное ядро
parafascicular nucleus (Vogt)
parafascicular thalamic nucleus
parafascicular nucleus
Nucleus parafascicularis thalami
nukleus parafasikular (PF)
Nuclei parafasciculares thalami
nucleo parafascicolare
parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus
noyau parafasciculaire
Nucleus parafascicularis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=325
N/A
lateral thalamic nuclei
gruppo laterale
núcleos talámicos grupo lateral
lateral nuclear group
Nuclei laterales thalami
lateral nucleus of thalamus
gruppo nucleare laterale
kelompok nukleus lateral
Nucleus lateralis thalami
латеральное ядро таламуса
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=326
N/A
lateral dorsal nucleus of the thalamus
lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus
nucleo dorsale laterale
nucleo laterale dorsale
Nucleus lateralis dorsalis thalami
дорсо-латеральное ядро таламуса
laterodorsal thalamic nucleus
noyau thalamique latéral dorsal
laterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
lateral dorsal nucleus
Nucleus lateralis dorsalis of thalamus
Nucleus lateralis thalami dorsalis
Nucleus lateralis dorsalis
lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus
nukleus lateral dorsal (LD)
laterodorsal nucleus, superficial part
Nucleus dorsalis superficialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=327
N/A
lateral posterior thalamic nucleus
noyau thalamique latéral postérieur
nucleo laterale posteriore
laterodorsal nucleus, caudal part
lateral posterior nucleus
posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus
nukleus lateral posterior (LP)
Nucleus lateralis posterior
Nucleus dorsocaudalis (Hassler)
Nucleus lateralis thalami posterior
lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus
Nucleus lateralis posterior thalami
lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus
Nucleus dorso-caudalis
задне-латеральное ядро таламуса
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328
refers to a predominantly gray matter subdivision of the lateral nuclear group of the thalamus. In the primate it is a topologically prominent component of the thalamus that is itself subdivided into four nuclei based on histology: the anterior pulvinar nucleus, lateral pulvinar nucleus, medial pulvinar nucleus and inferior pulvinar nucleus ( Nomina-1983 ). In the rodent the pulvinar is not distinguishable as a structure distinct from the lateral posterior nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
pulvinar
Lagerstätte
nukleus posterior (P)
pulvinar
Pulvinar thalami
подушка зрительного бугра
pulvinar
Polstersitz
ядра подушки таламуса
Kissen
Pulvinar
задние ядра таламуса
Nuclei pulvinares
posterior nucleus (P)
pulvinar thalamus
pulvinar
Nucleus pulvinaris
pulvinar nucleus
Nucleus pulvinaris thalami
pulvinar
pulvinar talamus
подушка таламуса
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=329
refers to one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). The others are the medial pulvinar nucleus, the lateral pulvinar nucleus and the inferior pulvinar nucleus. It is not found in the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris oralis
oral portion of pulvinar
Nucleus pulvinaris oralis thalami
oral pulvinar nucleus
oral nuclear group of pulvinar
oral part of pulvinar
anterior pulvinar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=330
refers to one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). The others are the inferior pulvinar nucleus, the medial pulvinar nucleus and the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It is not found in the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral pulvinar nucleus
lateral pulvinar nucleus of thalamus
nukleus pulvinar lateral
Nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars lateralis
Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis (Hassler)
Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis thalami
Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=331
refers to one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). The others are the inferior pulvinar nucleus, the lateral pulvinar nucleus and the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It is not found in the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
nukleus pulvinar medial
Nucleus pulvinaris medialis
medial pulvinar nucleus
Nucleus pulvinaris medialis thalami
Nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=332
refers to one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). In the macaque it is very cellular, with most cells of the kind Olszewski found typical of the pulvinar: lightly-stained, medium-sized, multipolar, and plump. In addition he found a second small but distinct and scattered population of larger, darker cells. The inferior pulvinar nucleus is one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar. The others are the medial pulvinar nucleus, the lateral pulvinar nucleus and the anterior pulvinar nucleus. None is found in the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris inferior
Nucleus pulvinaris inferior thalami
inferior pulvinar nucleus
nukleus pulvinar inferior
Nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=333
N/A
gruppo nucleare ventrale
massa nucleare ventrale
ventral nuclear group
nuclei ventrali
masa nuclear ventral
ventral nuclei of thalamus
nukleus-nukleus deretan-susun ventral
Nuclei ventrales thalami
ventral nuclear mass
gruppo ventrale
ventral tier thalamic nuclei
grupo ventral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=334
N/A
ventral anterior thalamic nucleus
ventral anterior nucleus
Nucleus ventralis thalami anterior
nukleus ventral anterior talamus
nucleo ventrale anteriore
Nucleus ventralis anterior
Nucleus ventralis anterior thalami
noyau thalamique ventral antérieur
Nucleus lateropolaris
вентральное ядро переднего таламуса
передненижнее ядро таламуса
ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus
ventroanterior thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=335
N/A
Nucleus ventralis anterior (Dewulf)
parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus
ventralis anterior (Jones)
ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part
parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus
Nucleus ventralis anterior, pars parvocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=336
N/A
ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part
Nucleus ventralis anterior, pars magnocellularis
nukleus ventral anterior bagian magnoseluler (Vamc)
Nucleus lateropolaris (magnocellularis)
ventral anterior nucleus, magnocellular part
Nucleus thalamicus ventralis anterior, pars magnocellularis
Magnocellular ventral anterior nucleus
Nucleus lateropolaris magnocellularis (Hassler)
magnocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus
ventroanterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part
Nucleus rostralis lateralis situs perifascicularis
magnocellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=337
N/A
noyau thalamique ventral latéral
nukleus ventral lateral (VL)
nukleus ventral lateral talamus
Nucleus ventralis intermedius
вентро-латеральное ядро таламуса
ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
nucleo ventrolaterale
нижнебоковое ядро таламуса
нижне-латеральное ядро таламуса
Nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami
ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus
ventral lateral thalamic nucleus
ventral lateral nucleus
lateral ventral nucleus of thalamus
ventral lateral thalamic nuclei
ventrolateraler Thalamus
nucleo ventrale laterale
Nucleus ventrolateralis thalami
Nucleus ventralis lateralis
Nucleus ventralis thalami lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=338
N/A
anterior ventral lateral nucleus
Nucleus ventrooralis externus, anterior part (Van Buren)
Subnucleus rostralis
ventral lateral anterior nucleus
ventral lateral nucleus, oral part
nukleus ventral lateral bagian oral (Vlo)
Nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars oralis
oral part of ventral lateral nucleus
oral part of the ventral lateral nucleus
nucleo ventrale laterale, parte orale
Nucleus lateralis oralis situs principalis
anterior ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus
ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, oral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=339
N/A
posterior ventral lateral nucleus
Nucleus dorsooralis (Van Buren)
caudal part of ventral lateral nucleus
caudal part of the ventral lateral nucleus
nukleus ventral lateral bagian kaudal (VLc)
nucleo ventrale anteriore, parte caudale
ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, caudal part
ventral lateral nucleus, caudal part
Nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs dorsalis
Nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars caudalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=340
N/A
ventral lateral nucleus, medial part
nukleus ventral lateral bagian medial (VLm)
ventral medial nucleus
Nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, pars medialis
medial part of ventral lateral nucleus
ventral medial nucleus of thalamus
Nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars medialis
Nucleus ventrooralis medialis (Hassler)
medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus
nucleo ventrale laterale, parte mediale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=341
N/A
Nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, pars postrema
Nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars postrema
pars postrema of the ventral lateral nucleus
Nucleus dorsointermedius externus magnocellularis (Hassler)
ventral lateral nucleus (pars postrema)
posterodorsal part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (Jones)
Nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs postremus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=342
N/A
anteromedial part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (Jones)
area X
Nucleus ventralis oralis, pars posterior (Dewulf)
Nucleus ventrooralis internus, superior part
Area X of Olszewski
Nucleus ventrooralis internus (Hassler)
Nucleus ventro-oralis internus (Hassler)
Nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs ventralis medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=343
N/A
complejo ventrobasal
ventral posterior thalamic nucleus
ventrobasal nucleus
ventrobasal complex
ventral posterior nucleus
kompleks ventrobasal
nucleo ventrale posteriore
Nucleus ventralis posterior
Nuclei ventrales posteriores
nukleus ventral posterior (VP)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=344
N/A
nucleo posterolaterale ventrale del talamo
nucleo ventrale posterolaterale
Nucleus ventralis thalami posterior lateralis
Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis
ventral posterior lateral nucleus
ventral posterolateral nucleus
ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus
ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, general
noyau thalamique ventral postérolatéral
заднебоковое нижнее ядро таламуса
Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami
Nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis thalami
ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
posterolateral ventral nucleus of thalamus
ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus
nukleus ventral posterolateral talamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=345
N/A
Nucleus lateralis intermedius lateralis
oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus
oral part of ventral posterolateral nucleus
ventral posterolateral nucleus, oral part
Nucleus ventralis intermedius (Walker)
ventral part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (Jones)
Nucleus ventrointermedius
ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, oral part
Nucleus posteroventralis oralis
Nucleus ventralis intermedius (Dewulf)
Nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, pars oralis
Nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=346
N/A
caudal part of ventral posterolateral nucleus
Nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, pars caudalis
Nucleus ventrocaudalis externus (Van Buren)
caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus
Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (Walker)
Nucleus ventralis posterior pars lateralis (Dewulf)
ventral posterior lateral nucleus (Ilinsky)
Nucleus ventralis caudalis lateralis
ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, caudal part
ventral posterolateral nucleus, caudal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=347
N/A
arcuate nucleus-3
ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus
ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
noyau thalamique ventral posteromédial
Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis
заднемедиальное нижнее ядро таламуса
nukleus ventral posteromedial (VPM)
Nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami
Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (Hassler)
arcuate nucleus of thalamus
ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus
ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
nukleus arkuat talamus
posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus
ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus
nukleus semilunar
nukleus ventral posteromedial talamus
заднесрединное нижнее ядро таламуса
Nucleus arcuatus thalami
Nucleus semilunaris thalami
Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami
arcuate nucleus
ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, general
semilunar nucleus
thalamic gustatory nucleus
ventral posteromedial nucleus
nucleo ventrale posteromediale
ventral posterior medial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=348
N/A
ventral posteromedial nucleus, principal part
Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis, pars principalis
principal part of the ventral posteromedial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=349
N/A
parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus
gustatory thalamic nucleus
ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus, parvicellular part
thalamic taste relay
gustatory nucleus (thalamus)
ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus parvicellular part
ventral posteromedial nucleus, parvocellular part
ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part
ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, parvicellular part
parvicellular part of the ventral posteromedial nucleus
thalamic gustatory relay
thalamic gustatory area
Nucleus ventralis posterior medialis, pars parvocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=350
N/A
Nucleus ventralis posterior inferior
ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus
Nucleus ventralis posterior inferior thalami
ventral posteroinferior nucleus
Nucleus thalamicus posteromedialis, pars inferior
Nucleus ventrocaudalis parvocellularis externus (Hassler)
ventroposterior inferior thalamic nucleus
ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus
nucleo ventrale posteriore inferiore
ventral posterior inferior nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=351
N/A
geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus
metathalamus
metatalamo
метаталамус
Metathalamus
Nuclei metathalami
metatálamo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352
refers to the combination of the lateral geniculate nucleus and the pregeniculate nucleus ( Nomina-1989 ).
Corpus geniculatum laterale
korpus genikulat lateral
Nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis
corpus geniculatum laterale
corpo genicolato laterale
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis
наружное коленчатое тело
lateral geniculate complex
латеральное коленчатое тело
lateral geniculate body
Corpus geniculatus lateralis
cuerpo geniculado externo
lateral geniculate nucleus
badan genikulat lateral
corps géniculé latéral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=353
N/A
lateral geniculate complex, dorsal part
lateral geniculate nucleus, dorsal part
dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars dorsalis
ядро латерального коленчатого тела (дорсальная часть)
Nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis, pars dorsalis
dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
nukleus badan genikulat lateral bagian dorsal
дорсальное ядро наружного коленчатого тела
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis dorsalis
nucleo dorsale del corpo genicolato laterale
dorsal part of the lateral geniculate complex
Corpus geniculatum laterale (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=354
refers to one of two components of the lateral geniculate complex in the human ( Mai-2004; Riley-1943 ), the macaque ( Shantha-1968; Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ), In primates it is a narrow horizontal band of cells lying dorsal to the much larger lateral geniculate nucleus. It is separated from the larger nucleus by fibers of the optic tract. It is composed of two parts: the rostral part of the pregeniculate nucleus and the caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus ( Olszewski-1952 ).
In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) it lies ventral to the lateral geniculate nucleus, is closer to it in size, and is separated from it by the cellular intergeniculate leaf. It is composed of two parts: the lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus and the medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). Some authors divide the nucleus of the rat into three layers ( Paxinos-2009b ).
The dorsally located structure of the primate and ventrally located structure of the rodent are considered homologous, because the embryonic origin of both is ventral to that of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and both are continuous rostrally with the zona incerta and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus ( Jones-1985 ).
Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Corpus geniculatum externum, nucleus accessorius
Corpus geniculatum laterale, pars oralis
Corpus pregeniculatum
Griseum praegeniculatum
ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars ventralis
lateral geniculate complex, ventral part
pregeniculate substance
pregeniculate nucleus
pregeniculate
Nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis, pars ventralis
Nucleus pregeniculatum
lateral geniculate complex, ventral part (Kölliker)
lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral part
ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body
ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex
suprageniculate nucleus
substance grisé prégeniculeé
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis
ядро латерального коленчатого тела (вентральная часть)
nukleus badan genikulat lateral bagian ventral
Nucleus praegeniculatus
вентральное ядро наружного коленчатого тела
Praegeniculatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=355
N/A
medial geniculate complex
ядро медиального (внутреннего) коленчатого тела
medial geniculate body
corpus geniculatum mediale
corpo genicolato mediale
medial geniculate nucleus
badan genikulat medial
Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis
cuerpo geniculado interno
внутреннее коленчатое тело
Corpus geniculatum mediale
медиальное коленчатое тело
corps géniculé médial
Nucleus geniculatus medialis
korpus genikulat medial
Corpus geniculatus medialis
cuerpo geniculado medial
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=356
N/A
medial geniculate complex, dorsal part
nucleo dorsale del genicolato mediale
Nucleus geniculatus medialis pars dorsalis
medial geniculate nucleus, dorsal part
dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body
Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars dorsalis
дорсальное ядро внутреннего коленчатого тела
dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex
Nucleus geniculatus medialis fibrosus (Hassler)
ядро медиального коленчатого тела (дорсальная часть)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=357
N/A
medial geniculate complex, ventral part
ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body
ventral nucleus
Nucleus geniculatus medialis fasciculosus (Hassler)
вентральное ядро внутреннего коленчатого тела
Nucleus geniculatus medialis pars ventralis
ventral nucleus of medial geniculate complex
Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars ventralis
ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body
ядро медиального коленчатого тела (вентральная часть)
medial geniculate nucleus, ventral part
nucleo ventrale del genicolato mediale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=358
N/A
magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate complex
magnocellular nucleus
sezione magnicellulare del genicolato mediale
Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars magnocellularis
medial geniculate complex, medial part
medial geniculate nucleus, medial part
medial nucleus of medial geniculate body
magnocellular nucleus of the medial geniculate body
Nucleus geniculatus medialis, pars magnocellularis
magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body
Nucleus geniculatus medialis magnocellularis (Hassler)
Corpus geniculatus mediale, pars magnocellularis
medial division of medial geniculate body
nukleus badan genikulat medial bagian magnoselular (MGmc)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=359
N/A
capsule of medial geniculate body
capsule of the medial geniculate body
capsule of medial geniculate nucleus
Capsula corporis geniculati medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=360
N/A
complesso nucleare posteriore
posterior nuclear complex of thalamus
posterior complex of thalamus
posterior thalamic nuclear group
задние ядра (таламуса)
posterior nuclear complex
complesso posteriore
Nuclei posteriores thalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=361
N/A
Nucleus limitans
Nucleus limitans opticus (Hassler)
Nucleus limitans thalami
limitans thalamic nucleus
limitans nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=362
N/A
posterior nucleus of thalamus
Nucleus posterior thalami
posterior nucleus of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=363
N/A
suprageniculate thalamic nucleus
nucleo sopragenicolato
Nucleus suprageniculatus
suprageniculate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=364
N/A
submedius thalamic nucleus
gelatinosus thalamic nucleus
submedial nucleus of thalamus
submedial nucleus
submedial nucleus of the thalamus
Nucleus submedius thalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=365
N/A
reticular thalamic nucleus
Nucleus reticularis thalami
noyau réticulaire du thalamus
nucleo talamico reticolare
Nucleus reticulatus (thalami)
Nucleus thalamicus reticularis
Nucleus reticularis
reticular nuclear group
nukleus retikular talamus (RN)
thalamic reticular nucleus
Nuclei reticulares (thalami)
reticular nucleus-2
nucleo reticolare del talamo
Reticulatum thalami (Hassler)
reticular nucleus thalamus (Arnold)
reticular nucleus of the thalamus
ретикулярные ядра таламуса
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=366
N/A
Fasciculi thalami
thalamic fiber tracts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=367
N/A
lamina midollare esterna
external medullary lamina
Lamina medullaris externa (thalami)
external medullary lamina thalamus (Forel 1872)
наружная мозговая пластинка (таламуса)
external medullary lamina of thalamus
наружно-медиальная мозговая пластинка
Lamella medullaris externa
Lamina medullaris thalami externa
external medullary lamina of the thalamus
Lamina medullaris externa thalami
Lamina medullaris externa
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=368
N/A
internal medullary lamina
internal medullary lamina of thalamus
lamina midollare interna
Lamina medullaris interna thalami
Lamina medullaris interna
Envelope (involucrum medial) (Hassler)
internal medullary lamina of the thalamus
lamina medullaris interna
Lamina medullaris thalami interna
внутренняя мозговая пластинка (таламуса)
lámina medular interna
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=369
N/A
frontal thalamic peduncle
peduncolo anteriore
peduncolo frontale
frontal peduncle
anterior peduncle
rostral peduncle of thalamus
anterior thalamic peduncle
Pedunculus rostralis thalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=370
N/A
centroparietal peduncle
centroparietal thalamic peduncle
Pedunculus thalami superior
middle thalamic peduncle
superior thalamic peduncle
peduncolo superiore
superior peduncle
peduncolo centroparietale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=371
N/A
temporal peduncle
inferior peduncle
peduncolo talamico inferiore
peduncolo temporale
caudal thalamic peduncle
inferior thalamic peduncle
temporal thalamic peduncle
Pedunculus inferior thalami
нижняя ножка таламуса
Pedunculus thalamicus inferior
Pedunculus thalami caudalis
Pedunculus thalami inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=372
N/A
peduncolo occipitale
posterior thalamic peduncle
occipital peduncle
Pedunculus ventrocaudalis thalami
peduncolo posteriore
occipital thalamic peduncle
ventrocaudal thalamic peduncle
posterior peduncle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=373
N/A
Fasciculus mamillothalamicus (thalami)
мамиллярно-таламический тракт (таламуса)
tratto mammillotalamico
сосцевидно-таламический пучок
mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=374
N/A
estrato zonal
stratum zonale
strato zonale del talamo
stratum zonale of the thalamus
Stratum zonale thalami
поясной слой таламуса
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375
N/A
hypothalamus
ipotalamo
hipotálamo
hypothalamus
preoptico-hypothalamic area
Hypothalamus
гипоталамус
preoptico-hypothalamic region
hipotalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376
N/A
anterior hypothalamic region
preoptic division
Area hypothalamica rostralis
передняя гипоталамическая область
chiasmal zone
Regio hypothalamica anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377
N/A
regione preottica
Nuclei preoptici
preoptic area
regio preoptica
area preottica
área preóptica
Area praeoptica
preoptic region of hypothalamus
región preóptica
area preoptica
Area preoptica
preoptic nuclei
предзрительное поле
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=378
refers to one of five subdivisions of the preoptic area defined on the basis of Nissl stain. It is a predominantly cellular structure located in the human adjacent to the third ventricle, rostral to the anterior commissure. There it is bounded dorsally by the dorsal subdivision of the preoptic periventricular nucleus and ventrally by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Mai-2004 ); and it is located in the midline dorsal to the organum vasculosum ( Saper-2004 ). In the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is a narrow midline structure that wraps around the dorsal, rostral and ventral surfaces of the decussation of the anterior commissure.
Nucleus preopticus medianus
median preoptic nucleus
periventricular nucleus, preventricular portion
median preoptic nucleus (Loo)
Nucleus praeopticus medianus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=379
refers to one of five predominantly cellular parts of the preoptic area as defined by Nissl stain. It is a narrow, vertically oriented cell group bounded medially by the upper body of the third ventricle, laterally by the medial preoptic area, and dorsally by the median preoptic nucleus. It's ventral extent and adjacent structures vary depending upon the species: human ( Mai-1997 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ). and mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The preoptic periventricular nucleus is continuous caudally with the more ventrally located intermediate periventricular nucleus ( Saper-1990 ).
Nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, pars dorsalis
preoptic periventricular hypothalamic nucleus
preoptic periventricular nucleus
periventricular preoptic nucleus
Nucleus periventricularis praeopticus
Nucleus periventricularis preopticus
periventricular nucleus, anterior portion
dorsal periventricular hypothalamic nucleus
nucleo periventricolare preottico
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=380
refers to a subdivision of the preoptic area defined on the basis of Nissl stain. It is largely bounded medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, laterally by the lateral preoptic area, dorsally by the anterior commissure and the thalamus, ventrally by the optic chiasm, rostrally by the nucleus of the diagonal band and caudally by the anterior hypothalamic area. It's internal structure varies considerably by species. In the human it is relatively undifferentiated ( Saper-1990 ). In the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat and mouse the area contains a well defined medial preoptic nucleus. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000; Dong-2004 ) the area contains four other nuclei as well: the anterodorsal preoptic nucleus, the anteroventral preoptic nucleus, the posterodorsal preoptic nucleus and the parastrial nucleus. The cell sparse portion of the area between nuclei is known as the medial preoptic area proper ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus preopticus medialis
nucleo preottico mediale
Area preopticus medialis
медиальное преоптическое ядро
medial preoptic hypothalamic nucleus
medial preoptic area
medial preoptic nucleus
Area praeoptica medialis
Nucleus praeopticus medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=381
N/A
lateral preoptic area
nucleo preottico laterale
Area preoptica lateralis
латеральное преоптическое ядро
Area praeoptica lateralis
lateral preoptic nucleus
Nucleus praeopticus lateralis
Nucleus preopticus lateralis
lateral preoptic hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=382
refers to one of two periventricular nuclei demonstrated by Nissl stain in the anterior hypothalamic region. The other is the preoptic periventricular nucleus. The anteroventral nucleus is located ventrally in the wall of the optic recess in the human ( Saper-2004 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is not labeled in standard macaque brain atlases ( Paxinos-2009a ).
Nucleus periventricularis anteroventralis
anteroventral periventricular nucleus
ventral periventricular hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=383
refers to one of seven predominantly cellular structures of the anterior hypothalamic region as defined by Nissl stain. Located within the lamina terminalis in the optic recess at the anteroventral end of the third ventricle, it is bounded dorsally by the median preoptic nucleus and laterally by the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Its neuronal composition is similar to that of those adjacent structures. As one of the circumventricular organs, the organum vasculosum is highly vascular and lacks a blood brain barrier ( Saper-2004 ). It is considered the primary detector of dehydration in the control system of drinking ( Graebner-2015 ). It, together with the subfornical organ and the area postrema, constitute the humerosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
cresta supraóptica
cresta sopraottica
organo vascolare della lamina terminale
Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis
supraoptic crest
organum vasculosum
vascular organ of the lamina terminalis
órgano vasculoso de la lámina terminal
supraoptic crest
organum vasculosum
prechiasmatic gland
vascular organ of lamina terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=384
refers to a group of cells in the anterior hypothalamic region of the hypothalamus, which is demonstrated by Nissl stain in the human ( Saper-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ).It is located in the wall of the third ventricle at the base of the optic recess and dorsal to the optic chiasm. Least prominent in the human ( Saper-2012 ), it is divided into the shell of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
It is distinct from the suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus, which lies rostral to it in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally, as part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ), it is involved in the maintenance of circadian rhythms ( Saper-2012 ).
suprachiasmatic nucleus
nucleo soprachiasmatico
suprachiasmatic nucleus (Spiegel-Zwieg)
suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
Nucleus suprachiasmaticus hypothalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=385
refers to a group of cells in the anterior hypothalamic region at the ventral and lateral extremes of the hypothalamus. It is demonstrated by Nissl stain in the human ( Mai-1997 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Located close to the optic chiasm and optic tract, it is composed of two parts, the dorsolateral part of the supraoptic nucleus and the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Some authors regard the retrochiasmatic area, which is relatively small in the human, to be a 'tuberal part' of the supraoptic nucleus, not a distinct entity ( Mai-1997 ).
supraoptic nucleus proper (Lenhossek)
supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus
nukleus supraoptik
Nucleus supraopticus hypothalami
noyau hypothalamique supraoptique
supraoptic nucleus
Nucleus supraopticus
супраоптическое ядро
supraoptic nucleus, general
nucleo sopraottico
Nucleus tangentialis (Riley)
надзрительное ядро
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=386
refers to one of seven divisions of the anterior hypothalamic region as defined on the basis of Nissl stain. It is located in the medial zone of the hypothalamus, for the most part between the medial preoptic area rostrally, the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus caudally; the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus medially and the lateral hypothalamic area laterally. In the human it is undifferentiated ( Saper-2004 ). In the macaque an anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic area is distinguished from the remainder ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is composed of two subdivisions, a distinctive anterior hypothalamic nucleus and an undifferenctiated anterior hypothalamic area proper.
anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
nukleus anterior
Nucleus anterior hypothalami
anterior hypothalamic area
fundamental gray substance
anterior hypothalamic nucleus
nucleo anteriore
переднее гипоталамическое ядро
anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
parvocellular nucleus of hypothalamus
nucleo ipotalamico anteriore
anterior medial hypothalamus
Nucleus hypothalamicus anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=387
refers to a prominent narrow cell group in the anterior hypothalamic region of the hypothalamus. Defined classically on the basis of Nissl stain it is bounded rostrally by nuclei of the preoptic area, medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus, laterally by the preoptic area, anterior hypothalamic area and fornix, ventrally by the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and caudally by the dorsal hypothalamic area and/or the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. While magnocellular and parvicellular divisions are distinguished in all species, the nucleus is subdivided differently in the human ( Mai-2004 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ) compared to the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), where internal divisions are more distinct ( Saper-2004 ).
In the rat, the nucleus is divided into a magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus, a parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus and a descending division of the paraventricular nucleus. Each division is further subdivided into several parts. Functionally the nucleus is part of the subcortical motor system with different parts of the three primary anatomical divisions belonging to the behavior control column, the neuroendocrine motor zone, and the somatic motoneuron pools ( Swanson-2004 ).
paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus
околожелудоковое ядро
núcleo paraventricular
Nuclei paraventriculares
паравентрикулярнoe ядро
Nucleus hypothalami paraventricularis
Nucleus hypothalami filiformis
Nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami
nucleo paraventricolare del ipotalamo
paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus (Malone)
subcommissural nucleus (Ziehen)
filiform nucleus
noyau hypothalamique paraventriculaire
nukleus paraventrikular
Nucleus filiformis
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=388
N/A
Commissura supraoptica dorsalis pars ventralis (Meynert)
supraoptic commissures, dorsal
commissure of Meynert
supraoptic commissure of Meynert
supraoptic commissures, dorsal (Meynert)
dorsal supraoptic commissure
dorsal supraoptic commissure (of Ganser)
dorsal supraoptic decussation
commissura sopraottica dorsale di Meynert
dorsal supraoptic decussation of Meynert
дорсальная супраоптическая спайка
Ganser's commissure
Commissura supraoptica dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=389
N/A
supraoptic commissures, ventral (Gudden)
Gudden's commissure
Commissura supraoptica ventralis
вентральная супраоптическая спайка
ventral supraoptic commissure (of Meynert)
ventral supraoptic decussation of Gudden
von Gudden's commissure
ventral supraoptic decussation
commissure of Gudden
supraoptic commissures, ventral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=390
N/A
anterior hypothalamic commissure
anterior hypothalamic decussation of Ganser
anterior hypothalamic commissure (Ganser)
Commissura hypothalamica anterior
Commissura supraoptica superior pars dorsalis
commissura ipotalamica anteriore di Ganser
Commissura supraoptica dorsalis pars dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=391
N/A
Tractus hypothalamohypophysialis
traktus supraoptikohipofisial
tratto sopraotticoipofisario
Tractus supraopticohypophysialis
Tractus supraoptico-hypophyseus
supraopticohypophyseal tract
supraopticohypophysial tract
Tractus hypothalamico-hypophyseus
супраоптический гипофизарный путь
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392
N/A
Regio hypothalamica intermedia
Area hypothalamica intermedia
промежуточная гипоталамическая область
intermediate hypothalamic region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=393
N/A
grauer Höcker
tuber cinereum
tubersinereum
tuber cinereum
Tuber cinereum
серый бугор
tuber cinereum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=394
refers to the portion of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus located in the intermediate hypothalamic region in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Kusama-1970 ), the rat ( Swanson-1992 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal part of the posterior periventricular nucleus
intermediate periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
intermediate periventricular nucleus
periventricular nucleus at the tuberal level
intermediate periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
Nucleus periventricularis hypothalami
periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, intermediate part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=395
N/A
arcuate nucleus
noyau hypothalamique arqué
arcuate periventricular nucleus
arcuate nucleus-2
infundibular nucleus
arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
nucleo arcuato
Nucleus infundibularis hypothalami
infundibular periventricular nucleus
arcuate hypothalamic nucleus
дугообразное ядро
nucleo infundibolare
ядро воронки
infundibular hypothalamic nucleus
Nucleus arcuatus (hypothalamus)
Nucleus infundibularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=396
refers to an area at the base of the hypothalamus in which neurons are interspersed with fibers of the supraoptic decussations. Not to be confused with the larger, more medial retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus, the area is located laterally on the ventral surface, just rostral to the anterior median eminence, at the boundary of the intermediate hypothalamic region with the anterior hypothalamic region. It is defined by Nissl stain in the human, macaque, rat and mouse.
In the human the neurons are scattered along the base of the intermediate region between the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus medially, the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus dorsolaterally, the optic tract laterally and the anterior median eminence caudally ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque the area is located somewhat more rostrally, in the anterior hypothalamic region, dorsal to the optic chiasm, ventral to the anterior hypothalamic area and medial to the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat it is located between the anterior hypothalamic nucleus dorsally, the supraoptic decussations ventrally, the optic tract laterally and the tuberal nucleus caudally ( Swanson-2004 ). In the mouse it is located ventral to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and dorsal to the optic tract ( Hof-2000 ). Some authors regard the retrochiasmatic area, which is relatively small in the human, to be a 'tuberal part' of the supraoptic nucleus rather than a distinct entity ( Mai-1997 ).
The retrochiasmatic area is one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
supraoptic nucleus, tuberal part
Nucleus supraopticus diffusus
Area retrochiasmatica
retrochiasmatic area
retrochiasmatic hypothalamic area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=397
refers to a group of cells located dorsal to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and ventral to the caudal part of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the intermediate hypothalamic region. In the human it is not differentiated ( Saper-2012 ). In the macaque a central compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus can be identified ( Paxinos-2012 ). In rodents, authors distinguish two or three components, but vary in the way that they subdivide the structure. All identify a ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in both the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2000b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ).
The remainder of the nucleus in rodents is divided by various authors into different combinations of the compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, an anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, a posterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, and a dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus.
Functionally the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nukleus dorsomedial
dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
dorsomedial nucleus
nucleo ipotalamico dorsomediale
Nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami
dorsomedial nucleus hypothalamus
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
дорсальное гипоталамическое ядро
dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
noyau hypothalamique dorsomédial
Nucleus hypothalamicus dorsomedialis
верхнемедиальное ядро
nucleo dorsomediale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=398
refers to a collection of cells located ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region. Demonstrated by Nissl stain, it is found in the human, the macaque, the rat and the mouse. It is bounded ventromedially, medially and dorsally by the internuclear area of the periventricular region, which separates it from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, the intermediate periventricular nucleus and the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus respectively. Laterally it is bounded for the most part by the lateral hypothalamic area. In some humans ( Saper-2004 ) and in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it is divided into two parts: the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus and the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus.
In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) it is divided into four parts. In addition to the dorsomedial and ventrolateral parts, an anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus and a central part of the ventromedial nucleus are distinguished. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
noyau hypothalamique ventromédial
ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
Nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
нижнемедиальное ядро
nucleo ipotalamico ventromediale
Nucleus hypothalamicus ventromedialis
вентромедиальное гипоталамическое ядро
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
tuberal nucleus (Ganser)
ventromedial nucleus hypothalamus
nukleus ventromedial hipotalamus
nucleo ventromediale (ipotalamo)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399
N/A
pituitary gland
hypophysis
гипофиз мозга
Hirnanhangdrüse
hipofisis
Hypophysis cerebri
Hypophysis
hipófisis
Hypophyse
kelenjar pituitari
Glandula pituitaria
kelenjar pituitrin
ipofisi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=400
N/A
eminencia lateral
Eminentia lateralis (hypophysis)
lateral eminence of the hypophysis
éminence latéral du tuber
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=401
N/A
Neurohypophysis
нейрогипофиз
posterior lobe of hypophysis
Lobus posterior
neuroipofisi
Lobus nervosus
neural lobe
neurohypophysis
lobus neural
neurohipófisis
pituitary gland, neural lobe
infundibular process
Neurohypophyse
neurohipofisis
lobo posteriore dell'ipofisi
Hypophysenhinterlappen
задняя доля гипофиза
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=402
N/A
medial eminence
éminence médiane de l'hypophyse
eminenza mediana
eminentia mediana
Eminentia medialis (Shantha)
eminencia medial
median eminence
éminence médiane du tuber
eminencia media
eminensia medial
Eminentia mediana
median eminence of tuber cinereum
Eminentia postinfundibularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=403
N/A
eminenza mediana anteriore
anterior median eminence
Eminentia mediana anterior
tuber antérieur
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=404
N/A
posterior median eminence
tuber postérieur
eminenza mediana posteriore
éminence postinfundibulaire
Eminentia mediana posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=405
N/A
infundibolo
воронка
tangkai infundibular
Infundibulum
воронка гипофиза
infundibular stalk
infundibulum
Hypophysenstiel
Trichter
infundíbulo
infundibular stem
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=406
N/A
pars nervosa of the pituitary
pituitary gland, posterior lobe
pars nervosa
posterior pituitary
pars nervosa of hypophysis
Pars nervosa (hypophysis)
posterior lobe-3
posterior lobe of pituitary
Pars posterior of hypophysis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=407
N/A
pituitary gland, anterior lobe
anterior lobe of pituitary
Hypophysenvorderlappen
adenohipofisis
anterior lobe of hypophysis
lobus anterior
lobo anteriore dell'ipofisi
adenoipofisi
Lobus anterior
передняя доля гипофиза
adenohypophysis
Adenohypophyse
adenohipófisis
anterior lobe (hypophysis)
pars distalis
Adenohypophysis
hipófisis anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=408
N/A
tuberal part of the hypophysis
Pars tuberalis (hypophysis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=409
N/A
intermediate region of hypophysis
intermediate lobe of hypophysis
Pars intermedia (hypophysis)
pituitary gland, intermediate lobe
pars intermedia
intermediate part of the hypophysis
middle lobe of hypophysis
Zwischenlappen
lobo intermedio dell'ipofisi
промежуточная доля гипофиза
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=410
N/A
Pars distalis (hypophysis)
distal part of the hypophysis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411
N/A
mammillary level of hypothalamus
mammillary region
posterior hypothalamus
regione mammillare
posterior hypothalamic region
Regio hypothalamica posterior
Area hypothalamica posterior
Hypothalamus posterior
hinterer Hypothalamus
задняя гипоталамическая область
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=412
refers to a surface feature of the hypothalamus revealed by dissection in the human, macaque, rat and mouse. It is a small paired spherical protruberance located on the ventral surface of the posterior hypothalamic region, caudal to the posterior median eminence. It's posterior surface defines the boundary of the interbrain with the midbrain.
Many authors use the term to refer to cell groups within the mammillary body. All who use the term in that sense include the medial mammillary nucleus ( Saper-2004 ); some include the lateral mammillary nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ); others include the tuberomammillary nucleus, the supramammillary area, and the premammillary nuclei as well ( BAMS ).
corpo mammillare
маммиллярное тело
сосцевидное тело
Corpus mamillare
Corpus mammillare
Corpus mamillaris
Corpora mamillaria
corps mamillaire
corpus mammilare
Corpora mammillaria
cuerpo mamilar
mammillary body
korpus mamilar
mamillary body
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=413
N/A
латеральное ядро сосцевидного тела
Nucleus lateralis corpus mamillaris
lateral mammillary hypothalamic nucleus
lateral mamillary nucleus
lateral mammillary nucleus
Nucleus intercalatus (Olszewski)
lateral mammillary nucleus (Gudden)
Nucleus corporis mamillaris lateralis
nucleo mammillare laterale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414
refers to a well defined group of cells located ventromedially in the posterior hypothalamic region of the human ( Saper-2004 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Defined on the basis of Nissl stain it is the most prominent cell group in the mammillary body. It has at least two parts in each of the species: the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus and the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus. They are partially separated by fibers of the fornix. In the rat and the mouse the nucleus has a third component: the median part of the medial mammillary nucleus.
Some authors do not distinguish medial and lateral parts of the nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is composed of two parts: the body of the medial mammillary nucleus and the median part of the medial mammillary nucleus. Functionally the nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial mamillary nucleus
medial mammillary nucleus (Gudden)
internal mammillary nucleus
medial mammillary nucleus
Nucleus corporis mamillaris medialis
Nucleus mamillaris
медиальное ядро сосцевидного тела
Nucleus mamillaris medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=415
refers to the more medial of two parts of the medial mammillary nucleus in the human ( Saper-2004 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). In the human it is considerably larger than the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus from which it is separated by fibers of the fornix ( Saper-2004 ). In the macaque, rat, and mouse the medial and lateral parts are more equal in size.
Some authors do not divide the medial mammillary nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) into medial and lateral parts. The combination is equivalent to the body of the medial mammillary nucleus in their parcellation. Functionally the medial mammillary nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial mammillary nucleus (Carpenter)
medial subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus
medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus
Nucleus medialis corpus mamillaris (Shantha)
medial mammillary nucleus, medial part
nucleo mammillare mediale (Carpenter)
Nucleus corporis mamillaris medialis, pars medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=416
refers to the more lateral of two parts of the medial mammillary nucleus in the human ( Saper-2004 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). In the human it is considerably smaller than the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus from which it is separated by fibers of the fornix ( Saper-2004 ). In the macaque, rat, and mouse the medial and lateral parts are more equal in size.
Some authors do not divide the medial mammillary nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) into medial and lateral parts. The combination is equivalent to the body of the medial mammillary nucleus in their parcellation. Functionally the medial mammillary nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
intercalated mammillary nucleus
nucleo mammillare intermedio
medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part
Nucleus intercalatus corporis mammillaris
intermediate mammillary nucleus
lateral mammillary nucleus (Gagel)
Nucleus intermedius corpus mamillaris
lateral subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus
nucleo mammillare intercalato
Nucleus corporis mamillaris medialis, pars lateralis
lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=417
refers to the location of a group of small, variously described nuclei defined by Nissl stain in the posterior hypothalamic region. It is located dorsal to the medial mammillary nucleus and lateral mammillary nucleus, ventral to the posterior hypothalamic area, and ventromedial to the lateral hypothalamic area ( Pan-2004) . It is not well defined in the human ( Crosby-1962; Saper-2004 ), but is more clearly identifiable in the macaque ( Jones-2005; Bleier-1984 ). It is most clearly defined in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ), where it is also commonly referred to as the 'supramammillary nucleus'. In the rat and mouse it is divided into two parts: the medial part of the supramammillary nucleus and the lateral part of the supramammillary nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
supramamillary nucleus
supramammillary nucleus
Nucleus supramammillaris
supramammillary area
Nucleus supramamillaris hypothalami
supramammillary nucleus (Cajal)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=418
refers to two groups of cells demonstrated by Nissl stain ventrally in the posterior hypothalamic region just rostral to the medial mammillary nucleus. They are the dorsal premammillary nucleus and the ventral premammillary nucleus.They are prominent in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Some authors report them also in the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ), though others indicate that they are represented only by a small group of cells in that species ( Crosby-1962; Paxinos-2009a ). They are not detectable by Nissl stain in the human ( Saper-2004 ). Functionally they are part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
premamillary nucleus
Nuclei premamillaris
premammillary nuclei
Nucleus premamillaris hypothalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=419
refers to a group of neurons identified by Nissl stain in the posterior hypothalamic region. In the human the nucleus is located in the wall of the third ventricle, caudal to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and rostral to the medial mammillary nucleus ( Saper-1990 ). In the rat it is also medial to the premammillary nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ). Because it is very similar in appearance to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, some investigators question the value of considering it a separate entity (Saper personal communication).
Functionally the posterior periventricular nucleus is part of the posterior hypothalamic region in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
Nucleus periventricularis posterior
заднее перивентрикулярное ядро
posterior periventricular nucleus
Griseum periventriculare hypothalami
periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part
periventricular nucleus, posterior subdivision
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=420
N/A
заднее ядро
Area posterior hypothalami
Nucleus hypothalamicus posterior
posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
posterior hypothalamic nucleus
nukleus posterior
заднее гипоталамическое ядро
posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
posterior hypothalamic area
nucleo posteriore
Area hypothalamica posterior
posterior nucleus
nucleo ipotalamico posteriore
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=421
N/A
Commissura supramamillaris
supramammillary commissure
Commissura supramammillaris
postmammillary decussation
commissure of Forel
commissure y
Decussation supramamillaris
commissura sopramammillare
supramammillary decussation
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=422
N/A
principal mammillary fasciculus
Fasciculus mammillaris princeps
principle mamillary fasciculus
mammillary princeps fasciculus
fascículo mamilar principal
principal mammillary tract
Fasciculus mamillaris
fascicolo mammillare principale
principal mammillary tract (Kölliker)
Fasciculus mamillaris princeps
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=423
N/A
mammillotegmental tract
Tractus hypothalamotegmentalis
сосцевидно-покрышечный пучок
Fasciculus mamillotegmentalis
Tractus mammillotegmentalis
mammillotegmental tract (Gudden)
Tractus hypothalamicotegmentalis
Tractus mamillo-tegmentalis
сосцевидно-покрышечный путь
mammillo-tegmental tract
mammillotegmental fasciculus
сосцевидно-покрышечный тракт
tratto mammillotegmentale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=424
N/A
сосцевидно-таламический пучок
мамиллярно-таламический тракт (гипоталамуса)
mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus
Fasciculus mamillothalamicus (hypothalami)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=425
N/A
pedunkel mamilar
peduncolo mammillare
Pedunculus corporis mamillaris
mammillary peduncle (Meynert)
peduncle of mammillary body
Pedunculus corporis mammillaris
mammillary peduncle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=426
lateral hypothalamic zone (Crosby)
Area hypothalamica lateralis
lateral hypothalamic area (Nissl 1913)
lateral hypothalamic group
lateraler Hypothalamus
lateral group of hypothalamic nuclei
Area lateralis hypothalami
area ipotalamica laterale
латеральное гипоталамическое поле
lateral division of hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamic area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=427
refers to a cell group defined classically by Nissl stain, which is located ventrally in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the posterior hypothalamic region . It is found in the human ( Saper-2004 ), the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ) the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Authors who consider it and the dorsal tuberomammillary nucleus parts of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei refer to it as the 'ventral part of the tuberomammillary nucleus' ( Koehler-1985; Hof-2000; Swanson-2004 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
mammilloinfundibular nucleus
ventral tuberomammillary nucleus
tuberomammillary hypothalamic nucleus
tuberomammillary nucleus
Nucleus tuberomamillaris hypothalami
tubero-mamillary area
caudal magnocellular nucleus
tuberomammillary nucleus, ventral part
Nucleus tuberomamillaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=428
refers to several clusters of small somatostatin-staining neurons embedded at the base of the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region in the human ( Saper-2012 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). They are different from the lateral tuberal nucleus ( Carpenter-1983; Saper-2012 ).
Nuclei tuberales laterales
lateral tuberal hypothalamic nuclei
nuclei tuberali laterali
lateral tuberal nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=430
N/A
Nucleus hypothalamicus dorsalis
дорсальное гипоталамическое ядро
dorsal hypothalamic area
Area hypothalamica dorsalis
дорсальная гипоталамическая область
дорсальное гипоталамическое поле
Area dorsalis hypothalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=431
N/A
Fornix postcommissuralis
postcommissural fornix
Columna posterior fornicis
fornice postcommissurale
Fornix (entering Corpus mamillare)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=432
N/A
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
fascicolo longitudinale dorsale dell'ipotalamo
Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (hypothalami)
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=433
N/A
Fasciculus longitudinalis telencephali medialis
Fasciculus medialis telencephalicus
medial forebrain bundle
fascio proencefalico mediale
median forebrain bundle
medial forebrain bundle
Fasciculus prosencephalicus medialis
fascículo prosencefálico medial
telencephalic medial fasciculus
Fasciculus medialis telencephali
medial forebrain fasciculus
медиальный пучок конечного мозга
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=434
N/A
subthalamic region
субталамическая область
subthalamus
ventral thalamus
regione subtalamica
Thalamus ventralis
subtálamo
subtalamo
Subthalamus
передний таламус
subtalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=435
N/A
nukleus subtalamik
люисово тело
подбугорное тело
noyau subthalamique
Corpus subthalamicum
Nucleus subthalamicus
субталамическое ядро
subthalamic nucleus
Corpus Luysi
body of Forel
corpo del Luys
Corpus hypothalamicum
nucleus of Luys
nucleo subtalamico
body of Luys
subthalamic nucleus (of Luys)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=436
N/A
nucleo dell'ansa lenticolare
Nucleus ansae lenticularis
nucleus of the ansa lenticularis
ядро чечевицеобразной петли
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=437
refers to a group of neurons in the subthalamus that are scattered among fibers of field H and along its dorsal border in the human ( Carpenter-2004 ) and the macaque ( Shantha-1968 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the cellular component dominates the area occupied by field H and the other fields of Forel, which are prodominantly white matter in the primates. Functionally the nucleus of field H belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
fields of Forel
nucleus of the fields of Forel
nucleo del campo di Forel
nucleus of field of Forel
prerubral field nucleus
nucleus of the tegmental field H of Forel
prerubral tegmental nucleus
Nucleus campus Foreli
nucleus of the prerubral field
Nucleus campi Foreli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=438
N/A
zona incerta
zona incerta
Zona incerta
zona incerta
zona incerta
zona incerta
неопределенная зона
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=439
N/A
Forel's field H1
Area tegmentalis H1
Area subthalamica tegmentalis, pars dorsomedialis
Fasciculus thalamicus hypothalami
Forelli campus I
Area tegmentalis, pars dorsalis (Forel)
field H1
thalamic fasciculus
H1
fascicolo talamico
fascicolo talamico H1
campo prerrúbrico
таламический пучок
fascículo talámico
H1 bundle of Forel
H1 field of Forel
tegmental area H1
fasikel talamik
Area tegmentalis, pars dorsalis
Campus Foreli (pars dorsalis)
Fasciculus thalamicus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=440
N/A
campo prerubrale
prerubral area
field H
H field of Forel
Area tegmentalis
tegmental area H
Area tegmentalis H
tegmental field of Forel
prerubral field
Forel's field H
campo H di Forel
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=441
N/A
fascicolo lenticolare H2
Campus Foreli (pars ventralis)
Area subthalamica tegmentalis, pars ventrolateralis
чечевицеобразный пучок
Forel's field H2
H2
lenticular fasciculus H2
fascicolo lenticolare
Forelli campus II
tegmental area H2
fasikel lentikular
Fasciculus lenticularis (diencephali)
H2 bundle of Forel
lenticular fasciculus of the diencephalon
field H2
Area tegmentalis, pars ventralis (Forel)
Fasciculus lenticularis hypothalami
dorsal division of ansa lenticularis
lenticular fasciculus
fascícolo lenticolare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=442
N/A
Capsula nuclei subthalamici
capsule of the subthalamic nucleus
Capsula corporis subthalamici
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=443
N/A
Fasciculus pallido-habenularis
fibre pallidoabenulari
pallidohabenular bundle
fascículo palidohabenular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=444
N/A
ansa lenticolare
Ansa lenticularis
ansa lentikular
ventral peduncle of lateral forebrain bundle
anse lenticulaire
чечевицеобразная петля
Ansa lenticularis (Monakow)
asa lenticular
ansa lenticularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=445
N/A
peduncular loop
ansa peduncularis
Ansa peduncularis
ножковая петля
ansa peduncolare
asa peduncular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=446
N/A
troisiéme ventricule
III. Ventrikel
dritte Hirnkammer
ventrikel ketiga
полость промежуточного мозга
tercer ventrículo
terzo ventricolo
3rd ventricle
dritter Ventrikel
third ventricle
третий желудочек
III ventricolo
Ventriculus tertius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=447
refers to the narrow channel that connects the third ventricle with the lateral ventricle; it is located between the fornix and the dorsal surface of the thalamus ( Gray-1918a; NeuroNames ).
foramen of Monro
foramen antar bilik (Monro)
interventricular foramen (Monro)
forame interventricolare
interventricular foramen
foramen interventriculaire
antro interventricolare
монроево отверстие
Foramen interventriculare
Foramen interventriculare (Monro)
межжелудочковое (Монроево) отверстие
forame interventricolare di Monro
agujero interventricular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=448
N/A
Tenia thalami
лента таламуса
Taenia thalami
tenia del talamo
tenia of the thalamus
кайма зрительного бугра
tenia of thalami
estría terminal del tálamo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=449
N/A
sillon hypothalamique
гипоталамическая борозда
sulcus hypothalamicus (Monroi)
solco ipotalamico
sulkus hipotalamik
hypothalamic sulcus
гипоталамическая бороздка (Монро)
surco hipotalámico
Sulcus hypothalamicus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=450
N/A
Sulcus habenulae
борозда поводка
habenular sulcus
Sulcus habenularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=451
N/A
velum interpositum
velo interposito
velum interpositum
velum interpositum
Velum interpositum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=452
N/A
Plexus choroideus ventriculi tertii
сосудистое сплетение третьего желудочка
choroid plexus of the third ventricle
chorioid plexus of third ventricle
pleksus koroid ventrikel ketiga
choroid plexus, third ventricle
plesso corioideo del terzo ventricolo
Plexus choroidea (ventriculi tertii)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=453
N/A
tela choroidea of the third ventricle
сосудистая ткань третьего желудочка
Tela choroidea (ventriculi tertii)
Tela choroidea ventriculi tertii
сосудистая основа третьего желудочка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=454
N/A
Organum subfornicale
субфорникальный орган
intercolumnar tubercle
órgano subtrigonal
organo subfornicale
subfornical organ
organ subforniks
Organum vasculosum subfornicale
subfornical organ (Pines)
Corpus subfornicale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=455
N/A
recesso sopraspinale
надпинеальное углубление
Recessus suprapinealis
надэпифизарное углубление
receso suprapineal
suprapineal recess
надшишковидное углубление
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=456
N/A
pineal recess
reses pineal
recessus epiphysis
эпифизарный карман
пинеальное углубление
шишковидное углубление
receso pineal
recesso pineale
Recessus pinealis
эпифизарное углубление
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=457
N/A
preoptic recess of third ventricle
Recessus opticus
углубление зрительного перекреста
receso supraóptico
preoptic recess
recesso preottico
Recessus praeopticus
Recessus supraopticus
receso preóptico
third ventricle, preoptic recess
зрительное углубление
recesso sopraottico
optic recess
supraoptic recess
reses supraoptik
recessus chiasmatis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=458
N/A
recesso infundibolare
recesso infundibulare
углубление воронки
reses infundibulum
Recessus infundibuli
third ventricle, infundibular recess
infundibular recess
recessus infundibulaire
Recessus infundibularis
receso infundibular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=459
N/A
Chiasma nervorum opticorum
optic chiasm
Chiasma opticum
chiasma optique
optic chiasm (Rufus of Ephesus)
Sehnervenkreuzung
Chiasma
kiasma optik
зрительный перекрест
quiasma óptico
optic chiasma
перекрёст зрительных нервов
decussation of optic nerve fibers
Kreuzung
decusación del nervio öptico
chiasma ottico
зрительная хиазма
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=460
N/A
Sehbahn
optic tract
tractus optique
traktus optik
Tractus optici
optic lemniscus
tratto ottico
Tractus opticus
cintilla óptica
зрительный тракт
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=461
N/A
habenulo-interpeduncular tract of diencephalon
frd
fasciculus retroflexus of the interbrain
traktus habenulopeduncular
fasciculus retroflexus
поводково-межножковый путь
fasciculus retroflexus of the diencephalon
Tractus habenulo-interpeduncularis diencephali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=462
refers to one ot three components of the brain as defined by surgical dissection. The other components are the forebrain and the hindbrain.The central of the three, it's rostral boundary is with the forebrain: a nominally coronal plane located at the rostral margin of the superior colliculus dorsally and the caudal margin of the mammillary body ventrally. It's caudal boundary is with the hindbrain: a nominally coronal plane located at the caudal margin of the inferior colliculus dorsally and the rostral margin of the basal pons ventrally. The midbrain is composed of two parts: the tectum and the cerebral peduncle. Substructures of the midbrain are derived for the most part, but not entirely, from the embryonic Mesencephalon.
средний мозг
mesensefalon
midbrain
Mittelhirn
Mesencephalon
otak-tengah
mesencéfalo
cerebro medio
mésencéphale
mesencefalo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=463
N/A
sulcus nervi oculomotorii
Sulcus oculomotorius
медиальная борозда ножки мозга
глазодвигательная борозда
oculomotor sulcus
бороздка глазодвигательного нерва
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=464
N/A
dorsolateral fissure of the midbrain
Fissura dorsolateralis mesencephali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=465
N/A
Tectum
крыша среднего мозга
пластинка четверохолмия
lámina cuadrigémina
tectum of midbrain
Tectum mesencephalicum
lamina kuadrigemina
midbrain tectum
tectum
lamina quadrigemina
tetto
tektum
lamina quadrigemina
mesencephalic tectum
tectum
Tectum mesencephali
lámina del techo
techo
Dach
tectum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=466
N/A
trochlear nerve
IV. Hirnnerv
nervo IV
Nerve IV
Hirnnerv IV
Rollennerv
nervio patético
fourth cranial nerve
nervus trochlearis
saraf IV
Nervus trochlearis
блоковый нерв
Rollnerv
saraf troklear
saraf-otak keempat
nervo trocleare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=467
N/A
pretectal region
предкрышечное поле
pretectal area
pretectum
Regio pretectalis
Area pretectalis
regione pretettale
Nucleus praetectalis
área pretectal
aire prétectale
pretectum
pretectal nuclei
praetectales Feld
prätektales Feld
pretetto
Nuclei pretectales
pretectum
pratektum
prätektale Region
Praetectum
Area praetectalis
предкрышечные ядра
región pretectal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=468
N/A
nucleus of the pretectal area
nucleo dell'area pretettale
Nucleus area pretectalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=469
N/A
Nucleus pretectalis principalis
principal pretectal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=470
N/A
Nucleus magnocellularis tractus optici
nucleus of the optic tract
large-celled nucleus of optic tract
nucleo del tratto ottico
nucleus of optic tract
Nucleus tractus optici
lentiform nucleus of pretectal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=471
N/A
sublentiform nucleus
nucleo sublentiforme
Nucleus sublentiformis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=472
N/A
pretectal olivary nucleus
Nucleus olivaris mesencephali
Nucleus praetectalis anterior
nucleo olivare pretettale
Nucleus olivaris corporis quadrigemini anterioris
Nucleus olivaris pretectalis of Fuse
Nucleus olivaris colliculi superioris (Fuse)
olivary nucleus of superior colliculus
olivary pretectal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473
anterior colliculus
superior colliculus
Colliculus rostralis
верхний бугорок четверохолмия
верхний холмик
Colliculus bigeminalis oralis
Corpus quadrigeminum superius
vordere Zweihügel
Strata (grisea et alba) colliculi superioris
Colliculus cranialis
Colliculus superior
kolikel superior
layers of the superior colliculus
obere Zweihügel
anterior corpus quadrigeminum
optic tectum
colliculus superior
слои (серый и белый) верхнего холмика
cranial colliculus
colliculus supérieur
Nates
tubérculo cuadrigémino superior
obere Hügel
collicolo superiore
Strata (grisea et alba) colliculi cranialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=474
N/A
superior quadrigeminal brachium
верхняя ручка четверохолмия
brachium of the superior colliculus
braccio del collicolo superiore
Brachium colliculi superioris
brakium kolikel superior
brachium of superior colliculus
superior brachium
Brachium colliculi cranialis
Brachium colliculi rostralis
ручка верхнего холмика
superior collicular brachium
Brachium quadrigeminum superius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=475
N/A
commissure of superior colliculi
Commissura colliculi superior
Commissura colliculi superioris
спайка верхних холмиков
commissure of superior colliculus
superior colliculus commissure
Commissura colliculorum cranialium
commissure of the superior colliculi
commissure of the superior colliculus
Commissura colliculorum rostralium
Commissura colliculorum superiorum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=476
N/A
posterior colliculus
caudal colliculus
untere Hügel
Corpus bigeminalis caudalis
posterior corpus quadrigeminum
inferior colliculus
colliculus inférieur
untere Zweihügel
Corpus bigeminum posterioris
Testes
tubérculo cuadrigémino inferior
collicolo inferiore
нижний бугорок четверохолмия
kolikel inferior
Corpus quadrigeminum inferius
Colliculus caudalis
Colliculus inferior
нижний холмик
colliculus inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=477
N/A
pericentral nucleus of the inferior colliculus
cortex of inferior colliculus
dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus
inferior colliculus, dorsal nucleus
nucleo pericentrale del collicolo inferiore
Nucleus pericentralis (colliculi inferioris)
dorsal nucleus of the inferior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=478
N/A
Nucleus externus (colliculi inferioris)
inferior colliculus, external nucleus
nucleo esterno del collicolo inferiore
external cortex of the inferior colliculus
external nucleus of the inferior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=479
N/A
nucleus of inferior colliculus (Crosby)
nukleus kolikel inferior
inferior colliculus, central nucleus
nucleo centrale del collicolo inferiore
ядро нижнего холмика
central nucleus of the inferior colliculus
Nucleus centralis (colliculi inferioris)
central nucleus of inferior colliculus
chief nucleus of inferior colliculus
inferior colliculus central nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=480
N/A
inferior brachium
bracchio del collicolo inferiore
нижняя ручка четверохолмия
Brachium colliculi caudalis
brachium of the inferior colliculus
brachium of medial geniculate
peduncle of inferior colliculus
brakium kalikulus inferior
inferior quadrigeminal brachium
brakium kolikel inferior
brazo conjuntival del tubérculo cuadrigémino inferior
Brachium quadrigeminum inferius
inferior collicular brachium
Brachium colliculi inferioris
ручка нижнего холмика
brachium of inferior colliculus
brachium colliculi inferioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=481
N/A
commissure of inferior colliculus
Commissura colliculorum caudalium
Commissura colliculorum inferiorum
commissure of inferior colliculi
commissura del collicolo inferiore
commissure of the inferior colliculus
спайка нижних холмиков
inferior colliculus commissure
inferior collicular commissure
Commissura colliculi inferioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=482
N/A
Corpus parabigeminum
parabigeminal nucleus (Bechterew)
Nucleus parabigeminalis
parabigeminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=483
N/A
subcommissural organ
субкомиссуральный орган
órgano subcomisural
organ subkomisur
organo subcommissurale
Organum subcommissurale
Corpus subcommissurale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=484
N/A
posterior commissure
commissura posteriore
caudal commissure
Commissura epithalamica
эпиталамическая спайка
Commissura posterior
задняя спайка
komisur posterior
comisura posterior
задняя комиссура
Commissura epithalami
epithalamic commissure
posterior commissure (Lieutaud)
commissure postérieure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=485
N/A
cortico-tectal tract
corticotectal tract
Tractus corticotectalis
корково-покрышечные волокна
fibre corticotettali
corticotectal fibers
serabut kortikotektal
Fibrae corticotectales
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=486
N/A
trochlear nerve root
trochlear nerve fibers
central part of trochlear nerve
Fibrae nervi trochlearis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=487
N/A
peduncolo cerebrale
pedúnculo cerebral
ножки (большого) мозга
Pedunculus cerebri
cerebral peduncle (archaic)
pedunkel serebrum
Pedunculi cerebri
Hirnschenkel
piede del mes
Pedunculus cerebralis
ножка мозга
cerebal peduncle
cerebral peduncle
Hirnstiele
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=488
N/A
third cranial nerve
saraf III
nervo III
Nervus oculomotorius
saraf-otak ketiga
глазодвигательный нерв
oculomotor nerve
nerf oculomoteur
Hirnnerv III
III. Hirnnerv
Nerve III
nervio motor ocular común
saraf okulomotor
nervo oculomotore
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=489
refers to the portion of the interpeduncular cistern located between the two crus cerebri on the ventral surface of the midbrain. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). No equivalent appears in brain atlases of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) or the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
Recessus prepontinus fossae intercruralis
Recessus posterior prepontinus trigoni interpeduncularis
fossa antarpedunkel
fossa interpeduncularis
fossa interpeduncolare
Fossa interpeduncularis
Fossa intercruralis
межножковая ямка (Тарини)
interpeduncular fossa
fossa interpeduncularis (Tarini)
fosse interpédonculaire
fosa interpeduncular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=490
N/A
ventrolateral fissure of the midbrain
Fissura ventrolateralis mesencephali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=491
refers to the part of the cerebral peduncle located dorsal to the substantia nigra ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Mittelhirnhaube
calotta del mesencefalo
Tegmentum mesencephali
Tegmentum mesencephalicum
tegmentum of midbrain
tegmentum otak-tengah
mesencephalic tegmentum
midbrain tegmentum
calota del mesencéfalo
tegmento del mesencefalo
дорсальная часть ножки мозга
tegmento mesencefalico
покрышка среднего мозга
tegmentum del mesencéfalo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=492
N/A
nukleus saraf III
nucleo del N. III
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii
oculomotor nuclear complex
ядра глазодвигательного нерва
complejo del motor ocular común
complejo oculomotor
Okulomotoriuskern (III)
nucleus of oculomotor nerve
oculomotor nucleus
nukleus okulomotor
Nucleus oculomotorius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=493
N/A
dorsal oculomotor nucleus
nucleo dorsale della colonna cellulare laterale del N. III
dorsal oculomotor cell column
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=494
N/A
intermediate oculomotor nucleus
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars intermedius
intermediate oculomotor cell column
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=495
N/A
medial oculomotor cell column
colonna cellulare mediale
medial oculomotor nucleus
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=496
N/A
ventral oculomotor nucleus
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii ventrolateralis
nucleo ventrale della colonna cellulare laterale del N. III
ventral oculomotor cell column
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=497
N/A
anterior median nucleus of oculomotor nerve
anterior median oculomotor nucleus
nucleo mediano anteriore del nucleo oculomotore
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii medianus anterior
nucleo anteriore mediano
núcleo mediano anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=498
N/A
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii parvocellularis
ядро Якубовича-Вестфаля-Эдингера
Edinger-Westphal-Kern
parasympathischer Anteil des N. III
oculomotor nucleus, parvicellular part
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
oculomotor nucleus, parvocellular part
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii Edinger-Westphal
добавочное ядро глазо-двигательного нерва
Nuclei accessorii nervi oculomtorii (Edinger-Westphal)
núcleo de Edinger-Westphal
parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
accessory oculomotor nucleus
nucleo di Edinger-Westphal
Edinger-Westphal nucleus of oculomotor nerve
Nucleus Edinger Westphal
Nucleus Westphal-Edinger
Nucleus rostralis nervi oculomotorii
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=499
N/A
central oculomotor nucleus
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii centralis
Perlia nucleus of oculomotor nerve
nucleus of Perlia
Kern von Perlia
central nucleus of Perlia
nucleo centrale di Perlia
Spitzka's nucleus
núcleo central de Perlia
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=500
N/A
caudal central oculomotor nucleus
Nucleus caudalis centralis oculomotorii
nucleo centrale caudale del complesso oculomotore
núcleo caudal central
caudal central nucleus of oculomotor nerve
caudal central nucleus
Nucleus centralis nervi oculomotorii
nucleo centrale caudale del nucleo oculomotore
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=501
N/A
tegmental reticular formation
mezencephale Formatio reticularis
formazione reticolare mesencefalica
midbrain reticular formation
Formatio reticularis tegmenti mesencephali
Formatio reticularis des Mittelhirns
reticular formation of midbrain
Substantia reticularis mesencephali
ретикулярная формация среднего мозга
Formatio reticularis tegmentalis
Formatio reticularis mesencephali
formación reticular mesencefálica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=502
N/A
nuclei cuneiform
Area parabigeminalis (Mai)
Nucleus cuneiformis
cuneiform nucleus
nucleo cuneiforme
cuneiform nucleus (Castaldi)
parabigeminal area (Mai)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=503
N/A
subcuneiform nucleus
nucleo subcuneiforme
Nucleus subcuneiformis
subcuneiform area of midbrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=504
N/A
nucleo peduncolopontino
pedunculotegmental nucleus
pedunculopontine nucleus
nukleus pedunkulopontin pada tegmentum otak-tengah
peduncular pontine nucleus
pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
Nucleus pedunculopontinus
Nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505
N/A
nukleus ruber
красное ядро
red nucleus (Burdach)
roter Kern
Nucleus ruber tegmenti (Stilling)
nukleus merah
noyau rouge
red nucleus
Nucleus ruber
nucleo rosso
Nucleus rotundus subthalamo-peduncularis
núcleo rojo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=506
N/A
piccole cellule del nucleo rosso
Neorubrum
parvocellular part of the red nucleus
red nucleus, parvicellular part
red nucleus, parvocellular part
nukleus merah pars parvocellularis
Pars parvocellularis (ruber)
мелкоклеточная часть
parvocellular part of red nucleus
Nucleus ruber parvocellularis
Neoruber
Nucleus ruber, Pars parvocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=507
N/A
magnocellular part of red nucleus
Nucleus ruber magnocellularis
paleoruber
nukleus merah pars magnocellularis
grandi cellule del nucleo rosso
Nucleus ruber, Pars magnocellularis
Pars magnocellularis (ruber)
magnocellular part of the red nucleus
red nucleus, magnocellular part
Palaeorubrum
крупноклеточная часть
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=508
N/A
Nucleus ruber, capsula
capsule of the red nucleus
capsule of red nucleus
Capsula nuclei rubris tegmenti
капсула красного ядра
Kapsel des roten Kerns
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=509
N/A
acquedotto di Silvio
Aqueductus mesencephali
cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius)
cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
aqueduc cérébral
iter
Iter
водопровод мозга (Сильвиев)
mesencephalic aqueduct
aqueduct of Sylvius
akuadukt Sylvius
acquedotto cerebrale
Aqueductus (Sylvii)
сильвиев водопровод
aqueduct (Sylvius)
aqueduc du mésencéphale
acquedotto mesencefalico
Aquaeductus Sylvii
Aquaeductus cerebri
Aqueductus cerebri
Aquädukt
akuadukt serebrum
Aquaductus mesencephali
mesencephalic duct
Sylvian aqueduct
cerebral aqueduct
водопровод среднего мозга
aquaeductus mesencephali (Sylvii)
Aqueductus Sylvius
acueducto cerebral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=510
refers to the densely cellular core-structure surrounding the dorsal and lateral aspects of the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain. Extending approximately from the posterior commissure rostrally to the locus ceruleus caudally, it is bounded dorsally by the commissure of the inferior colliculus and commissure of the superior colliculi; it is bounded laterally by the tectospinal tract and the mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve ( Carrive-2012 ). Identified classically by Nissl stain, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
The periaqueductal gray is distinguished from the cellular structures ventral to the aqueduct by its homogeneity. Indistinct internal boundaries have been identified on the basis of the shapes and sizes of cells, but they have resulted in several different segmentations within and across species. The simplest segmentation reported to show a similar pattern across species is based on multiple criteria including, in particular, segmentation on the basis of differential staining for NADPH-diaphorase (nitric oxide synthase) ( Carrive-2012 ). Areas stained with greater or lesser intensity for that enzyme are grouped alternately into four longitudinal columns. In cross-section each column is narrowest at the aqueductal surface and widens toward the outer surface. The surface abutting the aqueduct is lined by ependyma ( Paxinos-2012). The four columns are the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, lateral periaqueductal gray, and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray.
Other substructures include the intercalated periaqueductal gray, supraoculomotor cap, pleioglia periaqueductal gray, and the nucleus of Darkshevich; some authors consider the supraoculomotor nucleus a component ( Paxinos-2001; Paxinos-2009a; Paxinos-2009b; Paxinos-2012 ). Authors differ as to whether these other structures are to be regarded as parts of the longitudinal columns or as independent structures ( Carrive-2012; Paxinos-2012 ).
Functionally the periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). See also: motor periaqueductal gray.
central (periaqueductal) gray
PAG
periaqueductal gray
substance grise périaqueducale
sostanza grigia centrale del mesencefalo
sostanza grigia periacquedutalle
Anulus aqueductus cerebri
central gray of the midbrain
central grey substance of midbrain
Griseum periventriculare mesencephali
graue Gebiete um den Zentralkanal
zentrales Höhlengrau
anulus of cerebral aqueduct
Griseum centrale mesencephali
центральное серое вещество
periaqueductal gray matter
zat-kelabu peri-akuadukt
Anulus aquaeductus
Substantia grisea centralis
Griseum centrale
periaqueductal gray of tegmentum
central gray substance of the midbrain
central gray substance of midbrain
Substantia grisea centralis mesencephali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=511
N/A
nucleo della commissura posteriore
nucleus of posterior commissure
nucleus commissuralis posterioris
Nucleus interstitialis of posterior commissure
ядро задней комиссуры
nucleus of the posterior commissure
Nucleus commissura posterior
núcleos de la comisura posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=512
N/A
nucleo dorsale del rafe
Nucleus raphes dorsalis
dorsal nucleus raphe
Nucleus raphe dorsalis
dorsal nucleus of the raphe
cell group B7
Nucleus dorsalis raphes
nuclei dorsali del rafe
dorsal raphe nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=513
N/A
Nucleus nervi trochlearis
nucleus of trochlear nerve
Trochleariskern (IV)
nukleus saraf IV
ядро блокового нерва
nukleus troklear
trochlear nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=514
N/A
nucleo di Darkschewitsch
Nucleus Darkschewitsch
ядро эпиталамической спайки Даркшевича
Darkshevich's nucleus
Nucleus fasciculi longitudinalis medialis
núcleo de Darkschewitsch
Nucleus accessorius
nucleus of the posterior commissure (Darkschewitsch)
Nucleus Darkschewitschi
ventral nucleus of posterior commissure
nucleus of Darkschewitsch
nucleus of Darkschewitsch (Cajal)
Nucleus commissurae posterioris (Riley)
nucleus of Darkshevich
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=515
N/A
промежуточное ядро Кахаля
núcleo intersticial de Cajal
nucleo interstiziale di Cajal
nucleus of the posterior commissure (Kölliker)
interstitial nucleus of Cajal
interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (Crosby)
nukleus interstisial Cajal
Nucleus interstitialis Cajal
промежуточное ядро
interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle (Boyce 1895)
nucleus interstitialis Cajal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=516
N/A
rostral interstitial nucleus of MLF
Nucleus interstitialis rostralis
nucleo interstiziale rostrale del FLM
rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=517
refers to a group of small neurons embedded medially in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. It is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Some authors divide it into a central part and a lateral part in each of the species ( Paxinos-2012 et al. ). Functionally it is part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Ganglion dorsale tegmenti
дорсальный ганглий покрышки
Nucleus tegmenti dorsale
dorsal tegmental nucleus
Nucleus dorsalis tegmenti (Gudden)
nukleus supratroklear
Nucleus compactus suprafascicularis
dorsal tegmental nucleus (Gudden)
Nucleus dorsalis tegmenti
Nucleus opticus dorsalis
nukleus tegmental dorsal
nucleo tegmentale dorsale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=518
N/A
deep tegmental nucleus of Gudden
Nucleus ventralis tegmenti (Gudden)
Nucleus ventralis tegmenti
Ganglion tegmenti ventrale
Nucleus tegmenti ventralis
nukleus tegmental ventral
Ganglion profundum tegmenti
ventral raphe tegmental nucleus
ventral tegmental nucleus
ventral tegmental nucleus (Gudden)
ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden
nucleo tegmentale ventrale
ганглий глубокой части покрышки
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=519
refers to a narrow vertical group of cells located in the midline of the ventral midbrain tegmentum. Found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), it consists of two components: the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe and the caudal linear nucleus of the raphe. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
rostral and caudal linear nuclei of the raphe
Nucleus linearis
linear nucleus of the raphe
linear nucleus
nucleo lineare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=520
N/A
peripeduncular nucleus
Nucleus peripeduncularis thalami
nucleo peripeduncolare
Nucleus peripeduncularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=521
N/A
ventral tegmental area (Tsai)
ventral tegmental nucleus of Tsai
ventral tegmental nucleus (Rioch)
ventral tegmental nucleus (Tsai)
ventral tegmental area
area tegmentale ventrale di Tsai
Area tegmentalis ventralis (Tsai)
área ventral de la culota
ventral tegmental area of Tsai
Area tegmentalis ventralis
area tegmentale ventrale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=522
refers to a group of cells located at the midline of the ventral midbrain tegmentum ( Carpenter-1983 ). More homogeneous in the primate than in the rodent, it is variably subdivided by different authors in the different species. In the human it is divided into four subnuclei: rostral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus, apical subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus, dorsal part of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus, and caudal subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus ( Paxinos-2012 ), The macaque has three subnuclei: rostral and caudal subnuclei as in the human and a lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ).
In the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) all authors identify five subnuclei: rostral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus, apical subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus, dorsal part of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus, and intermediate subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus; they differ with regard to the presence or absence of three other subnuclei. Functionally the interpeduncular nucleus belongs to the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
interpeduncular ganglion
Nucleus interpeduncularis medialis
межножковое ядро
Nucleus interpeduncularis
interpeduncular nucleus
nucleus interpeduncularis
interpeduncular nucleus (Gudden)
nucleo interpedunculare
nuclei interpedunculari
nukleus interpedunkular
межножковый ганглий
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=523
N/A
fountain decussation of Meynert
Decussatio fibrorum medialium tecti
Decussationes tegmenti
decusación de Meynert
decusación dorsal de la calota
decussatio tegmentalis dorsalis
dorsal fountain decussation
Decussatio dorsalis tegmenti
dorsal tegmental decussation (Meynert)
dorsal tegmental decussation
dorsale Haubenkreuzung
fountain decussation of Meynert
дорсальный перекрест покрышки
dekusasi tegmental dorsal
Decussationes tegmentales
decusación tegmentaria dorsal
Chiasma fibrorum proprium tecti
Decussatio tegmentalis dorsalis (Meynert)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=524
N/A
ventral tegmental decussation of Forel
ventrale Haubenkreuzung
decusación ventral de la calota
перекрест покрышки
decusación de Forel
decussazione tegmentale ventrale
decusación tegmentaria ventral
перекрест Фореля
ventral tegmental decussation
Decussatio ventralis tegmenti
decussation of Forel
anterior tegmental decussation
ventral tegmental decussation (Forel)
Forel-Haubenkreuzung
Decussatio inferior (Forel)
Decussatio tegmenti ventralis
dekusasi tegmental ventral
decussazione del tegmento ventrale
inferior decussation (Forel's decussation)
Forel'sche Haubenkreuzung
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=525
N/A
Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (mesencephali)
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the midbrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=526
refers to the part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the midbrain ( Martin-1997 ).
medial longitudinal fasciculus of the midbrain
fascicolo longitudinale mediale del mesencefalo
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (mesencephali)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=527
N/A
Decussation of brachia conjunctiva
Decussatio brachii conjunctivi
decussation of brachium conjunctivum
dekusasi pedunkel serebelar superior
Kreuzung der oberen Kleinhirnschenkel
Kreuzung der oberen Kleinhirnstiele
decussazione del peduncolo cerebellare superiore
decusación pedúnculo cerebeloso superior
superior cerebellar peduncle decussation
Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum
перекрест верхних мозжечковых ножек
decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle (Wernekinck)
Decussatio crurorum cerebello-cerebralium
decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle
decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=528
N/A
центральный покрышечный путь (среднего мозга)
central tegmental tract of the midbrain
central tegmental tract
Tractus tegmentalis centralis (mesencephali)
haz central de la calota (mesencéfalo)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=529
N/A
Faserbündel des N. oculomotorius
fibre della radice del N. III
oculomotor nerve fibers
root of oculomotor nerve
Fibrae nervi oculomotorii
central part of oculomotor nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=530
N/A
pallidotegmental tract
fibre pallidotegmentali
pallidotegmental fascicle
pallidotegmental fasciculus
Fasciculus pallido-tegmentalis
Fibrae pallidoolivares
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=531
N/A
deep pes lemniscus
Fasciculi laterales pontis
Pes lemniscus lateralis
lateral pes lemniscus
laterale Haubenfussschleife
laterale pontine Buendel
lateral pontine bundle
Pes lemniscus profond
Fussschleife
Pes lemnisci profundus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=532
N/A
Pes lemniscus medialis
medial pes lemniscus
superficial pes lemniscus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=533
N/A
lemnisco mediale del mesencefalo
медиальная петля
medial lemniscus of midbrain
Lemniscus medialis (mesencephali)
medial lemniscus of the midbrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=534
refers to a pathway connecting the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum with the ventral lateral nucleus, and perhaps other nuclei, of the thalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).
fibre dentatotalamiche
Tractus dentatothalamicus
зубчато-таламический путь
dentatothalamic tract
dentatothalamic fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=535
refers to the part of the spinothalamic tract in the midbrain (NeuroNames).
spinothalamic tract of the midbrain
Tractus spinothalamicus (mesencephali)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=536
N/A
sostanza nigra
sustancia negra
nucleus of basis pedunculi
Nucleus pigmentosus subthalamo-peduncularis
Substantia nigra
substantia nigra
substantia nigra
substantia nigra
substance noire
substansi nigra
substansi hitam
substantia nigra (Soemmerringi)
черное вещество (Земмерринга)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=537
N/A
pars compacta of substantia nigra
pars compacta
substantia nigra, compact part
parte compatta della sostanza nigra
компактная часть
Pars compacta
zona compatta
Substantia nigra, pars compacta
substantia nigra pars compacta
Nucleus substantiae nigrae, Pars compacta
sostanza nigra parte compatta
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=538
N/A
parte reticolare della sostanza nigra
Nucleus substantiae nigrae, Pars reticularis
substantia nigra, reticular part
Substantia nigra, pars diffusa
Substantia nigra, pars reticulata
Pars reticularis
сетчатая часть
pars reticulata of substantia nigra
substantia nigra, pars reticulata
substantia nigra pars reticularis
pars reticulata
zona reticolare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=539
N/A
cerebral peduncle
cerebral crus
crus cerebri
cerebral peduncle, basal part
crus cerebri
Pars neo-encephalica pedunculi
crura cerebri
Basis pedunculi (Oertel)
Crura cerebri
pie de los pedúnculos cerebrales
Basis pedunculi cerebri (Willis)
crus cerebri
cerebral peduncle (clinical definition)
Hirnschenkel
krus serebrum
pie del pedúnculo cerebral
Basis cerebri (Oertel)
Pes pedunculi
Pedunculus cerebri, pars basalis
основание мозга
Pes pedunculi of midbrain
Crus cerebri
основание ножки мозга
crura cerebri
crus of the cerebral peduncle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=540
refers to one ot three components of the brain as defined by surgical dissection. The other components are the forebrain and the midbrain.The posterior-most of the three, it's rostral boundary is with the midbrain: a nominally coronal plane located at the caudal margin of the inferior colliculus dorsally and the rostral margin of the basal pons ventrally. The caudal boundary is with the spinal cord and is defined by a nominally horizontal plane at the level of the foramen magnum. The hindbrain is composed of two parts: the metencephalon and the medulla. Substructures of the hindbrain are derived for the most part, but not entirely, from the embryonic Rhombencephalon. Before the twentieth century, 'hindbrain' was a synonym of metencephalon ( Swanson-2015 ).
ромбовидный мозг
rombencéfalo
rhombicbrain
rombencefalo
Rhombenzephalon
otak belah-ketupat
rombensefalon
hindbrain
romboencefalo
Rhombencephalon
Hinterhirn
cerebro posterior
Rautenhirn
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=541
refers to the groove on the anterior aspect of the brainstem that marks the boundary between the pons and the medulla. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
solco pontino inferiore
Sulcus pontomedullaris
бульбарно-мостовая борозда
Sulcus bulbopontinus
inferior pontine sulcus
Sulcus inferior pontis
Sulcus postpontinus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=542
refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled space between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla, i.e., the cerebellomedullary fissure, extended caudally to the dura mater that covers the brain. Defined on the basis of dissection, it is a common radiological landmark. Histologically it is bounded by pia mater on the cerebellar and medullary surfaces and arachnoid mater on the inner surface of the dura mater. Cerebrospinal fluid flows into the cistern from the fourth ventricle through the median aperture and the lateral apertures ( Gray-1918a ).
cerebellomedullary cistern
cisterna cerebelobulbar
Cisterna cerebellomedullaris
Cisterna magna
мозжечково-мозговая цистерна
sistern serebelomedular
cisterna magna
sistern magna
cisterna cerebellomidollare
cisterna magna
cisterna magna
Cisterna cerebello-medullaris
great cistern
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=543
refers to the combination of the pons and cerebellum as defined by dissection and development from the embryonic Mesencephalon ( Carpenter-1983; Schiebler-1999 ). Before the twentieth century the combination was called 'hindbrain' and 'metencephalon' was considered a synonym of pons ( Swanson-2015 ).
metencephalon
задний мозг
metensefalon
hindbrain
Metencephalon
epencephalon-2
Hinterhirn
Nachhirn
otak-belakang
metencefalo
metencéfalo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=544
N/A
cerebellopontine angle
ángulo pontocerebeloso
Kleinhirnbrückenwinkel
Angulus cerebellopontinus
angolo cerebellopontino
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=545
N/A
треугольник петли
Trigonum lemnisci lateralis
треугольник петель
Trigonum lemnisci
lemniscal trigone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=546
N/A
мостомозжечковый треугольник
pontocerebellar trigone
Trigonum pontocerebellare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547
N/A
ponte
Metencephalon
pons
Pons
Варолиев мост
Brücke
pons cerebri
мост
pont
pons
Pons Varolii
protuberancia
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=548
N/A
Foramen cecum anterior
foramen cieco anteriore
Foramen caecum anterius
foramen cecum anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=549
refers to one of twelve cranial nerves that attach to the brain and pass out of the cranial cavity through openings at the base of the cranium. The nerve is composed of axons to and from several trigeminal nuclei in the midbrain and hindbrain. The bundles of axons located within the brain are referred to as trigeminal nerve fibers, tracts and roots. Defined on the basis of connectivity the trigeminal nerve includes both the trigeminal nerve fibers within the brain and the nerve trunks outside (See Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat below.)
V. Hirnnerv
saraf trigeminus I
fifth cranial nerve
saraf-otak kelima
nervo trigemino
nervo V
тройничный нерв
nervio trigémino
Nerve V
trigeminal nerve
Hirnnerv V
Nervus trigeminus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=550
N/A
abducent nerve
VI. Hirnnerv
abducence nerve
saraf abdusen
saraf-otak keenam
Hirnnerv VI
sixth cranial nerve
nervo VI
отводящий нерв
nervio motor ocular externo
Nerve VI
abducens nerve
Nervus abducens
nervo abducente
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=551
N/A
saraf-otak ketujuh
Nervus facialis
nervio facial
Nerve VII
Hirnnerv VII
saraf VII
nervo faciale
facial nerve
seventh cranial nerve
nervus facialis
лицевой нерв
saraf fasial
nervo VII
VII. Hirnnerv
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=552
N/A
nervo intermedio
Nervus intermedius
Nervus intermedius of facial nerve
промежуточный нерв
intermediate nerve of Wrisberg
nervio intermediario
nervus intermedius
intermediate nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=553
N/A
cochleovestibular nerve
VIII. Hirnnerv
nervus auditorius
saraf vestibulokoklear
nervo VIII
Nervus octavus
stato-acoustic nerve
nervus statoacusticus
преддверно-улитковый нерв
acoustic nerve (Crosby)
nervo acustico
Hirnnerv VIII
saraf-otak kedelapan
nervo vestibulococleare
Nervus vestibulocochlearis
nervus acusticus
cochlear-vestibular nerve
eighth cranial nerve
nervio acústico
Nervus statoacusticus
vestibulocochlear nerve
nervus auditivus
nervus vestibulocochlearis
saraf VIII
Cranial Nerve VIII
statoacoustic nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=554
N/A
базилярная борозда
solco basilare
basilar sulcus
бороздка основания мозга
Sulcus basilaris pontis
Sulcus basilaris
surco basilar
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=555
N/A
Foramen caecum posterius
Foramen cecum posterior
foramen cecum posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=556
refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled space between the ventral surface of the pons and the dura mater that surrounds the brain. Histologically it is bounded by pia mater on the surface of the pons and by arachnoid mater on the inner surface of the dura mater ( Gray-1918a ).
cisterna del puente
sistern pons
cisterna pontina
pontine cistern
Cisterna pontis
cisterna pontina
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557
refers to the part of the pons located dorsal to the basal pons and ventral to the fourth ventricle ( Carpenter-1983 ).
tegmentum protuberancial
tegmento del ponte
покрышка моста
calota protuberancial
pontine tegmentum
calotta
дорсальная часть моста
tegmentum de la protuberancia
Pars posterior der Brücke
Tegmentum der Brücke
Pars posterior pontis
porzione dorsale del ponte
tegmental portion of pons
dorsal portion of pons
calota del protuberancia
tegmentum of pons
Tegmentum pontis
Brückenhaube
Haubenabschnitt der Brücke
tegmentum
tegmento pontino
Pars dorsalis pontis
задняя часть моста
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=558
N/A
Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
Kern der mesenzephalen Trigeminuswurzel
ядро среднемозгового пути тройничного нерва
Nucleus tractus mesencephalici nervi trigemini
mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
midbrain trigeminal nucleus
nukleus mesencephalicus n. V
nukleus mesensefalik saraf kelima
nukleus mesensefalik saraf V
nucleo mesencefalico del N. V
Nucleus tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
mesencephalic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=559
N/A
motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
motor trigeminal nucleus
Nucleus motorius trigeminalis
Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini
Nucleus motorius nervi trigeminalis
nukleus motorik saraf V
motor nucleus of the trigeminal
motor nucleus
nukleus motorik saraf kelima
nucleo motore del N. V
nucleo motore del nervo trigemino
motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
trigeminal motor nucleus
nucleo motore trigeminale
motorischer Trigeminuskern (V)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=560
N/A
chief sensory trigeminal nucleus
principal sensory trigeminal nucleus
principal sensory nucleus
Nucleus sensibilis superior nervi trigemini
Nucleus sensorius superior nervi trigemini
pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
superior trigeminal nucleus
main sensory nucleus
nucleo sensorio principale del N. V
Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini
chief sensory nucleus
principal trigeminal nucleus
sensory trigeminal nucleus
Nucleus pontinus nervi trigeminalis
nukleus sensorik prinsipal saraf kelima
Nucleus pontinus nervi trigemini
primary nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
nukleus sensorik prinsipal saraf V
nucleus sensorius principalis saraf kelima
chief trigeminal sensory nucleus
principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
Nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561
N/A
Formatio reticularis pontis
ретикулярная формация моста
formazione reticolare pontina
reticular formation of pons
pontine reticular formation
formación reticular protuberancial
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=562
refers to a narrow layer of predominantly serotonin containing cells: B8 cell group dorsally; B9 cell group ventrally ( Felten-1983 ). Located in the midline of the pontine reticular formation it is bounded laterally by the paramedian raphe nucleus. It is found in the human ( Hornung-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat, ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system, where it is known as the superior central nucleus raphe, medial part ( Swanson-2004 ).
central superior nucleus of the raphe, medial part
nucleus centralis superior
median nucleus of the raphe
superior central nucleus
nucleo centrale superiore
medial part of the superior central nucleus of the raphe
superior central nucleus raphe, medial part
Nucleus centralis superior
median raphe nucleus
nucleo mediano del rafe (Carpenter)
superior central nucleus, medial part
Nucleus superior raphes
nukleus sentral superior
superior central tegmental nucleus
Nucleus fusiformis raphes
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=563
N/A
inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation
inferior central tegmental nucleus
nucleo centrale inferiore
Nucleus centralis inferior
inferior central nucleus
inferior central nucleus of raphe
inferior central nucleus (of Roller)
Nucleus tegmentalis centralis inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=564
N/A
nucleo dell'eminenza mediale
nucleus of medial eminence
Nucleus eminentiae teretis
nucleus of eminentia teres
nucleus of the medial eminence
ядро медиального возвышения
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=565
refers to the largest cellular component of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by Nissl stain, it is variously continuous across the midline or bounded medially by the raphe nuclei (classical) and the tectospinal tract. It is bounded ventrally by the reticulotegmental nucleus, the medial lemniscus of the pons and associated pathways. Laterally it is bounded largely by the lateral lemniscus and dorsally by the ventral tegmental nucleus, the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons and the pedunculopontine nucleus. It is bounded rostrally by the ventral tegmental area and caudally by the caudal pontine reticular nucleus. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleo reticolare orale del ponte
nucleo reticolare, parte orale
pontine reticular nucleus, oral part
oral pontine reticular nucleus
nucleus reticularis pontis oralis
Nucleus reticularis pontis oralis
pontine reticular nucleus, rostral part
rostral pontine reticular nucleus
Nucleus reticularis pontis, pars oralis
nucleo reticolare pontino orale
núcleo reticular protuberancial oral
pontine reticular nucleus rostral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=566
refers to a major cellular component of the reticular formation (classical) in the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by Nissl stain, it is variously described as continuous across the midline or bounded medially by the raphe nuclei (classical) and the reticulotegmental nucleus. It is bounded dorsomedially by the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, ventromedially by the trapezoid body and ventrolaterally by the superior olivary complex . The remainder of its boundaries are defined by several smaller reticular and cranial nerve nuclei. It is bounded rostrally by the rostral pontine reticular nucleus and caudally by the central medullary reticular group. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Some authors distinguish the most ventromedial portion as the ventral part of the pontine reticular nucleus ( Hof-2000; Paxinos-2009b ).
In the rat the majority of noradrenergic neurons of the A5 cell group are located in this nucleus. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus reticularis pontis, pars caudalis
pontine reticular nucleus caudal part
nucleo reticolare pontino caudale
caudal pontine reticular nucleus
Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis
nucleo reticolare caudale pontino
nukleus retikular pons kaudal
nucleo reticolare, parte caudale
núcleo reticular protuberancial caudal
pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=567
refers to a relatively thin layer of cells in the dorsal pontine tegmentum. It forms the floor of the fourth ventricle. Major bounding structures are the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons ventrally, the locus ceruleus laterally, and the midline medially. Continuous with the periaqueductal gray rostrally and the central gray of the medulla caudally, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
Five small nuclei are embedded in the pontine central gray. Authors differ with regard to the identities of certain of them. All identify four: the dorsal tegmental nucleus, Barrington's nucleus, supragenual nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The fifth for some authors is the lateral tegmental nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). For others the fifth is the posterodorsal tegmental nucleus ( Paxinos-2012; Paxinos-2009a; Paxinos-2009b; Franklin-2008 ).
The pontine central gray and most of the embedded nuclei are included in the functionally defined dorsal pontine gray of Swanson-2004.
central grey of the Pons
central gray of the pons
central gray of pons
central gray substance of the pons
pontine central gray
central gray substance of pons
Griseum periventriculare
Substantia grisea centralis
Griseum centrale pontis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=568
refers to a group of cells at the ventral extreme of the pontine tegmentum adjacent to the basal pons. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the human it is subdivided into three parts: the medial tegmental process, the lateral tegmental process and the supralemniscal process ( Crosby-1962 ). Functionally it belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
tegmental reticular nucleus, pontine gray (Bechterew)
reticulotegmental nucleus of pons
Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis
nucleus reticulotegmentalis
nukleus retikulotegmental
nucleo reticolo tegmentale
nucleo reticolotegmentale
ретикулярное ядро покрышки моста
reticulotegmental nucleus
tegmental reticular nucleus, pontine gray
tegmental reticular nucleus
núcleo reticulotegmentario
reticulotegmental pontine nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569
refers to a combination of nuclei and regions in the ventral pontine tegmentum. Identified on the basis of topology it is bounded ventrally by fibers of the trapezoid body ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is composed of the superior olive, the trapezoid nucleus, and the periolivary region( Amunts-2012 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
complejo nuclear olivar superior
верхнее оливное ядро
superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan)
Regio olivaris superioris
núcleos olivares superiores
complesso nucleare olivare superiore
oberer Olivenkomplex
nucleo olivare superiore
oliva superiore
superior olivary complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570
refers to one of three components of the superior olivary complex. Identified by topology it is composed of the medial superior olivary nucleus and the lateral superior olivary nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ). The other parts of the complex are the periolivary region and the trapezoid nucleus ( Amunts-2012 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
superior olivary complex (Schroeder van der Kolk)
nukleus olivari superior
Nucleus olivaris metencephali
Oliva superior
superior olivary nuclei
superior olivary nucleus
Nucleus olivaris rostralis
ядро сверхней оливы
superior olivary nucleus
nucleo olivare superiore
Nucleus olivaris superioris
Nucleus olivaris superior
superior olive
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=571
N/A
superior olivary nucleus, lateral part
accessory superior olive
accessory olivary nucleus
lateral superior olivary nucleus
accessory superior olivary nucleus
superior olivary complex, lateral part
lateral superior olive
nukleus lateral olivari superior
Nucleus olivaris superior lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=572
N/A
superior olivary nucleus, medial part
nukleus medial olivari superior
Nucleus olivaris superior medialis
main superior olivary nucleus
chief superior olivary nucleus
chief nucleus of superior olive
principal superior olivary nucleus
medial superior olive
medial superior olivary nucleus
superior olivary complex, medial part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=574
refers to neurons that surround the superior olive. Identified by Nissl substance they together with the superior olive and the trapezoid nucleus constitute the superior olivary complex ( Carpenter-1983 ). The grouping of cells identified in different species varies by author.
In humans the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus is most clearly identified; less consistently identified are the medial periolivary nucleus, ventral periolivary nucleus, and rostral periolivary region ( Amunts-2012 ). In the macaque the groups include the dorsal periolivary region, medioventral periolivary nucleus, lateroventral periolivary nucleus, and superior paraolivary nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ). Some authors distinguish the same subdivisions in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Others report that in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the neurons are not sufficiently organized to be reliably subgrouped. Functionally the periolivary region is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus periolivaris
periolivary nucleus
periolivary nuclei
periolivary region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=575
N/A
retro-olivary cell group
Nucleus retro-olivaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=576
refers to one of four components of the superior olivary complex as classically defined by Nissl stain in the human. It is located ventrally in the pontine tegmentum. The other components of the complex are the superior olive and the periolivary region ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors describe it as indistinctly divisible into a medial trapezoid nucleus and lateral trapezoid nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ). More recent studies based on multiple stains for calcium binding proteins failed to demonstrate a distinct group of cells identifiable as the trapezoid nucleus in the human ( Bazwinsky-2003 ).
Embedded in the dorsal portion of the trapezoid body ventral to the pontine reticular formation and lateral to the medial lemniscus of the pons, it is found in the macaque ( Bazwinsky-2005; Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally the trapezoid nucleus is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nuclei of trapezoid body
nukleus trapezoid
nucleus of the trapezoid body
nucleus corpus trapezoid
trapezoid nucleus
medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
trapezoid gray
nucleo del corpo trapezoide
Nucleus trapezoidalis
Nucleus corporis trapezoidei
nucleus of trapezoid body
nuclei del corpo trapezoide
trapezoid nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=577
N/A
berkas olivokoklear
fascio cocleare efferente
Tractus olivocochlearis
berkas koklear eferen
fascio olivococleare
fascículo olivococlear
оливоулитковый путь
fascículo coclear eferente
olivocochlear bundle of Rasmussen
olivocochlear bundle
efferent cochlear bundle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=578
N/A
peduncle of the superior olive
Pedunculus olivae superioris
rama coclear eferente
peduncle of superior olivary nucleus
ножка верхней оливы
efferent cochlear bundle
stalk of the superior olive
pedúnculo de la oliva superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=579
N/A
fibre della radice del N. VII
facial nerve fibers
central part of facial nerve
Fibrae nervi facialis
root of facial nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=580
N/A
ascending fibers of facial nerve
ascending fibers of the facial nerve
first part of root of facial nerve
ascending fibers
fibre ascendenti del nervo faciale
Fibrae ascendens nervi facialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=581
N/A
Fazialisknie
ginocchio del nervo faciale
genu of the facial nerve
internal genu of facial nerve
Genu internum n. faciales
Genu nervi facialis
internal genu of the facial nerve
internal genu
first genu
Nervus facialis (Genu)
колено лицевого нерва
genu of facial nerve
inneres Fazialisknie
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=582
N/A
descending fibers of the facial nerve
Fibrae descendens nervi facialis
second part of root of facial nerve
descending fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=583
N/A
locus ceruleus
Substantia ferruginea
locus coeruleus
nucleus of locus caeruleus
голубое пятно
Locus coeruleus
locus ceruleus
nucleus pigmentosus pontis
Locus caeruleus
locus ceruleus
Nucleus loci caerulei
Nucleus pigmentosus pontis
locus coeruleus (Vicq d'Azyr)
locus ceruleus
nucleus pigmentosus
голубоватое пятно
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=584
N/A
subceruleus nucleus
subcoeruleus nucleus
nucleus subceruleus
subceruleus nucleus a
Nucleus subceruleus
Nucleus subcaeruleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=585
N/A
Nucleus abducens
nucleus of abducens nerve (VI)
abducens nerve nucleus
ядро отводящего нерва
nucleo del N. VI
Nucleus nervi abducentis
núcleo del motor ocular externo
Abduzenskern
nukleus VI
abducens nucleus proper
Kern des N. abducens (N. VI)
nukleus abdusen
nukleus saraf abdusen
nukleus saraf VI
nucleo dell'abducente
abducens nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=586
N/A
nukleus motorik saraf fasial
nucleo del N. VII
nucleo del nervo VII
Nucleus nervi facialis
Nucleus facialis
ядро лицевого нерва
nucleo motore del N. VII
nucleo motore faciale
Fazialiskern
Ursprungskern des N. facialis
двигательное ядро лицевого нерва
facial nucleus
nucleus facialis
Kern des N. facialis (N. VII)
branchiomotor nucleus of facial nerve
motor nucleus of VII
nucleo faciale (motore)
facial motor nucleus
nukleus VII
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=587
refers to one of three or four components (in different species) of the parabrachial nuclei of the pontine tegmentum. It is located adjacent to the medial surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons. In the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) an external part is identified separately. Some authors subdivide it similarly in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
Functionally it is divided into three parts in the rat: medial medial, external medial, and ventral medial parts ( Swanson-2004 ). The comparable segmentation in the mouse includes only medial medial and external medial parts ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally the nucleus belongs to the viscerosensory nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial parabrachial nucleus
parabrachial nucleus, medial part
nuclei parabrachiali mediali
Nucleus parabrachialis medialis
parabrachial nucleus, medial division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=588
refers to one of three or four components (in different species) of the parabrachial nuclei of the pontine tegmentum. It is located adjacent to the lateral surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons. In the human it is subdivided into four parts: central, dorsal, external, and superior ( Paxinos-2012 ). In the macaque it has central, dorsal, external, and ventral parts ( Paxinos-2009a ).
In rodents it is more differentiated. In the rat seven parts are identified: central, dorsal, external, extreme, internal, superior, and ventral ( Swanson-2004 ); in the mouse it has five: central, dorsal, external, superior, and ventral ( Dong-2004 ). Some authors find an internal part in the mouse as well ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally the nucleus belongs to the viscerosensory nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus parabrachialis lateralis
parabrachial nucleus, lateral division
lateral parabrachial nucleus
nuclei parabrachiali laterali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=589
N/A
Raphe (mediana pontina)
Nucleus raphes pontis
Raphe pontis
nucleus raphe pontis
raphe pontis nucleus
nucleo pontino del rafe
шов (срединный мостовой)
nucleus raphae pontis
pontine raphe nucleus
nucleo del rafe pontino
Nucleus raphe pontis
raphe of pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=590
N/A
nukleus salivatori superior
Nucleus salivarius superior
Nucleus salivatorius superior
Nucleus salivatorius rostralis
nucleo salivatorio superiore
superior salivatory nucleus
oberer Speichelkern
верхнее слюноотделительное ядро
парасимпатическое слюноотделительное ядро
Nucleus salivatorius cranialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=591
N/A
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, dorsal part
Nucleus lemnisci lateralis pars dorsalis
dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
Nucleus lemnisci lateralis dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=592
N/A
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, ventral part
Nucleus lemnisci lateralis ventralis
ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus
ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
Nucleus lemnisci lateralis pars ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=593
N/A
anterior medullary velum
rostral medullary velum
Velum medullare rostralis
верхний мозговой парус
Velum medullare superior
superior medullary velum
Velum medullare craniale
velo medular superior
velo midollare superiore
Velum medullare superius
velum medular superior
передний мозговой парус
Velum medullare anterius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=594
N/A
trapezoid body (Treviranus)
trapezoid body
Trapezkörper
badan trapezoid
corpo trapezoide
трапециевидное тело
corpus trapezoides
Corpus trapezoideum
cuerpo trapezoide
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=595
N/A
перекрест блоковых нервов
Decussatio nervorum trochlearium
блоковой перекрест
decussation of the trochlear nerve
decussation of trochlear nerve (IV)
Decussatio trochlearis
trochlear nerve decussation
decussazione del N. IV
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=596
N/A
Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
среднемозговой путь тройничного нерва
среднемозговой тройничный путь
mesencephalic trigeminal tract
Tractus mesencephalicus trigeminalis
tratto mesencefalico del N. V
Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
traktus mesensefalik saraf V
mesencephalic root of V
mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve
tratto mesencefalico del nervo trigemino
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=597
N/A
uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum
cerebellospinal tract
Fasciculus fastigio-vestibularis
uncinate fascicle (Russell)
Russell's fasciculus
fascículo unciforme de Russell
fastigiobulbar tract
fastigobulbäre Fasern
fascículo unciforme
uncinate fasciculus
Tractus cerebello-bulbaris
uncinate fasciculus of the pons
uncinate fasciculus-2
hook bundle of Russell
fascicolo uncinato di Russell
Tractus uncinatus
uncinate bundle of Russell
uncinate fasciculus of Russell
Tractus uncinatus (Lewandowsky)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=598
N/A
fibre della radice del N. VI
root of abducens nerve
abducens nerve fibers
fibre dell'abducente
Fibrae nervi abducentis
central part of abducens nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=599
N/A
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the pons
Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (pontis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=600
refers to the part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the pons ( Martin-1997 ).
medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (pontis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=601
N/A
central tegmental tract of the pons
центральный покрышечный путь (моста)
Tractus tegmentalis centralis (pontis)
haz central de la calota (protuberancia)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=602
N/A
dorsal acoustic stria
estría acústica dorsal
stria akustik dorsal
dorsal acoustic stria (Monakow)
Striae acusticae dorsalis
stria acustica dorsale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=603
N/A
stria akustik pertengahan
estría acústica intermedia
intermediate acoustic stria (Held)
intermediate acoustic stria of Held
stria acustica intermedia
Striae acusticae intermedius
intermediate acoustic stria
commissure of Held
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=604
N/A
stria acustica ventrale
Striae acusticae ventralis
estría acústica ventral
ventral acoustic stria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=605
N/A
vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve
Fibrae nervi statoacustici
vestibulocochlear nerve fibers
vestibulocochlear nerve roots
cochlear-vestibular nerve
statoacoustic nerve fibers
central part of vestibulocochlear nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=606
N/A
tratto trigeminale dorsale
dorsal division of trigeminal lemniscus
dorsal secondary tract of V
dorsal trigeminal pathway
reticulothalamic tract
dorsal trigeminal tract
dorsal secondary ascending tract of V
dorsal trigeminal lemniscus
Tractus trigemino-thalamicus dorsalis
uncrossed dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
Tractus trigeminalis dorsalis
dorsal ascending trigeminal tract
dorsal trigemino-thalamic tract
Tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=607
N/A
Fibrae nervi trigemini
central part of trigeminal nerve
trigeminal nerve fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=608
N/A
Portio minor nervi trigemini
motor root of the trigeminal nerve
Portio minor of trigeminal nerve
motor root of N. V
Nervus trigemini radix motoria
Nervus trigeminus, radix motorius
minor root of trigeminal nerve
Radix motoria
motor root of trigeminal nerve
raiz motora (N.V)
motor branch of trigeminal nerve
Nervus trigeminus, radix motoria
akar motorik s. V
radice motoria (N. V)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=609
N/A
lateral fillet
lemniscus lateralis
lateral lemniscus (Reil)
lateral lemniscus
lemniskus lateral
lemnisco lateral
Lemniscus lateralis
слуховая петля
laterale Schleife
Lemniscus acusticus
lemnisco laterale
central acoustic tract
латеральная петля
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=610
N/A
lemnisco mediale del ponte
Lemniscus medialis (pontis)
медиальная петля
medial lemniscus of pons
medial lemniscus of the pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=611
refers to the part of the spinothalamic tract in the pons (NeuroNames).
spinothalamic tract of the pons
Tractus spinothalamicus (pontis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=612
N/A
tectopontine fibers
proiezioni tettopontine
tectopontine tract
Tractus tectopontinus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=613
N/A
trigeminal lemniscus-2
ventral trigeminal pathway
tratto trigeminotalamico ventrale
ventral crossed tract
ventral trigeminal tract
tratto trigeminale ventrale
ventral secondary ascending tract of V
ventral trigeminothalamic tract
Tractus trigeminalis ventralis
anterior trigeminothalamic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=614
N/A
spinal trigeminal tract of the pons
Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini (pontis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=615
N/A
vestibulocerebellar fibers
Tractus vestibulocerebelli
vestibulocerebellar tract
traktus vestibuloserebelar
fibre vestibolocerebellari
fibras vestibulocerebelosas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=616
refers to the more ventral of two neural parts of the pons. Found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ), it is composed of pontine nuclei, longitudinal pontine fibers, transverse pontine fibers and the middle cerebellar peduncle. The other part of the pons is the pontine tegmentum ( Carpenter-1983 ).
basal portion of pons
portzione basale del ponte
Pars ventralis pontis
base of pons
parte basilare del ponte
basilar pons
Brückenfuß
Basis pontis
basilar part of pons
basal pons
базальная часть моста
parte basilar de la protuberancia
parte ventrale del ponte
Pars anterior pontis
базилярная часть моста
parte ventral de la protuberancia
basal part of the pons
bagian basilar pons
pons proper
Pars basilaris pontis
pons proper
ventral pons
основание моста
basal part of pons
ventral portion of pons
pons murni
вентральная часть моста
передняя часть моста
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=617
refers to groups of cells embedded in the myelinated tracts of the basal pons. They are found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally they belong to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
pontine gray
Nuclei brachii pontis
pontine gray matter
Brückenkerne
собственные ядра моста
nuclei pontini
ядра моста
nuclei pontis
Nuclei pontis
pontine nuclei
nukleus-nukleus pons
Nucleus pontis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=618
N/A
пирамидные продольные пучки
fasiculii longitudinales pyramidales
longitudinal fasciculus of the pons
longitudinal pontine fibers
fibre longitudinali nella porzione basale del ponte
corticofugal fibers
Fibrae pontis longitudinales
продольные волокна моста
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=619
N/A
transverse pontine fibers
superficial transverse fibers of pons
поверхноcтные поперечные волокна моста
fibre pontine trasverse
Fibrae pontis transversae
поперечные волокна моста
Fibrae transversae superficiales pontis
transverse fibers of pons
fibrae pontis superficiales
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=620
N/A
peduncolo cerebellare medio
Crus cerebelli ad pontem
brakium pons
pedunkel serebelar tengah
mid-cerebellar peduncle
Brückenarm
pedunculus cerebellaris medius
Crus ponto-cerebellare
Pedunculus cerebellaris pontinus
Pedunculus cerebellaris medius
pedúnculo cerebeloso medio
Pedunculus cerebellaris medialis
middle cerebellar peduncle
средняя мозжечковая ножка
Brachium pontis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=621
N/A
4th ventricle
quarto ventricolo
quatriéme ventricule
4. Hirnventrikel
vierte Hirnkammer
IV ventricolo
fourth ventricle
ventrikel keempat
Ventriculus quartuus
cuarto ventrículo
IV. Ventrikel
vierter Ventrikel
Ventriculus quartus
ventrikel IV
четвертый желудочек
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=622
N/A
fastigium
fastigium
Dachkern
fastigium
fastigium
Giebel
Dach
Fastigium
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=623
N/A
eminenza laterale
преддверное поле
eminentia lateral
area vestibolare
área vestibular
lateral eminence of fourth ventricle
daerah vestibular
vestibular area
Area vestibularis
вестибулярное поле
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=624
N/A
kolikel fasial
eminencia del facial
abducent colliculus
collicolo faciale
abducens colliculus
лицевой бугорок
colliculus facialis
facial colliculus
холмик лицевого нерва
kolikel abdusen
Colliculus facialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=625
N/A
Fovea superior
верхняя ямка
Fovea rostralis
superior fovea
Fovea cranialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=626
N/A
inferior fovea of the fourth ventricle
Fovea caudalis
Fovea inferior
нижняя ямка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=627
N/A
самостоятельный канатик
funiculus separans
Funiculus separans
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=628
N/A
estrías medulares
striae medullares
stria medular
Striae medullares (ventriculi quarti)
striae medullares of fourth ventricle
Striae acusticae
Striae cerebellares (ventriculi quarti)
Striae medullares cerebellares
fibers of Piccolomini
Striae medullares ventriculi quarti
медулярные полоски
мозговые полоски четвертого желудочка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=629
N/A
surco limitante
sulcus limitans
sulkus limitans
Sulcus limitans
пограничная бороздка
пограничная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=630
N/A
median sulcus of the fourth ventricle
Sulcus medianus
срединная борозда
median sulcus of rhomboid fossa
срединная борозда ромбовидной ямки
median fissure of floor of fourth ventricle
median sulcus
Sulcus medianus (ventriculi quarti)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=631
N/A
Fossa rhomboidea
fosa romboidea
rhomboid fossa
fossa romboid
fossa romboidea
Rautengrube
ромбовидная ямка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=632
N/A
tenia ventriculi quarti
tenia of the fourth ventricle
лента четвёртого желудочка
taenia choroidea of fourth ventricle
Taenia ventriculi quarti
Tenia (ventriculi quarti)
пластинка IV желудочка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=633
N/A
Tuberculum acusticum
слуховое поле
tuberkel akustik
acoustic tubercle
acoustic area
слуховой бугорок (дна IV желудочка)
tubérculo acústico
auditory tubercle
acoustic eminence
tubercolo acustico
Area acustica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=634
N/A
intermediate eminence
Trigonum vagi
trígono del vago
Trigone vagi
треугольник блуждающего нерва
ala cinerea
Trigonum vagale
eminenza intermedia
trigonum vagi
Trigonum nervi vagi
segitiga vagus
серое крыло
Ala cinerea
vagal trigone
trigono vagale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=635
N/A
Trigonum nervi hypoglossi
hypoglossal eminence
segitiga hipoglosus
trigonum nervus hypoglossi
Trigonum hypoglossale
trigono ipoglosso
hypoglossal trigone
треугольник подъязычного нерва
trígono del hipogloso
eminenza dell'ipoglosso
eminencia del hipogloso
Eminentia teres
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=636
refers to the caudal extreme of the fourth ventricle where its walls meet and it joins the central canal of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). See also obex.
obex angle
obex
obex
Obex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=637
N/A
calamus scriptorius of the fourth ventricle
Calamus scriptorius
calamus scriptorius
писчее перо
Schreibfeder
calamus scriptorius
calamus scriptorius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=638
N/A
plexus choroides du troisiéme ventricule
сосудистое сплетение четвертого желудочка
choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle
chorioid plexus of fourth ventricle
plesso corioidea del quarto ventricolo
pleksus koroid ventrikel keempat
Plexus choroideus ventriculi quarti
plexus coroidea del cuarto ventrículo
Plexus choroidea (ventriculi quarti)
choroid plexus, fourth ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=639
N/A
сосудистая основа четвёртого желудочка
сосудистая ткань четвёртого желудочка
tela choroidea of the fourth ventricle
tela corioidea del quarto ventricolo
tela chorioidea ventriculi quarti
Tela choroidea (ventriculi quarti)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=640
refers to openings at the two sides of the fourth ventricle that are defined on the basis of dissection. Cerebrospinal fluid flows through them from the ventricle into the cisterna magna ( Gray-1918a ).
agujero de Luschka
lateral aperture
forame laterale di Luschka
orificio lateral (cuarto ventrículo)
Foramen Luschkae
отверстие Лушки
Apertura lateralis (Luschka)
боковые апертуры IV желудочка
латеральная апертура четвёртого желудочка
lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle
Apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti
латеральные отверстия IV желудочка
отверстия Люшка
Foramen of Luschka
apertur lateral (Luscka)
apertura laterale del quarto ventricolo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=641
refers to the midline opening at the caudal extreme of the fourth ventricle defined on the basis of dissection. Cerebrospinal fluid flows through it from the ventricle into the cisterna magna ( Gray-1918a ).
median aperture
Apertura mediana ventriculi quarti
медиальное отверстие
forame di Magendie
Apertura mediana (Magendie)
отверстие Магенди
median aperture of the fourth ventricle
серединное отверстие четвертого желудочка (Мажанди)
foramen of Magendie
Foramen Magendii
apertur medial (foramen Magendie)
foramen mediale
apertura medialis ventriculi quarti (Magendii)
срединная апертура четвёртого желудочка
apertura mediana del ventricolo quarto
agujero de Magendie
orificio medio (cuarto ventrículo)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=642
N/A
fourth ventricle, lateral recess
lateral recess of the fourth ventricle
Recessus lateralis (ventriculi quarti)
receso lateral del cuarto ventrículo
латеральное углубление четвертого желудочка
recesso laterale del quarto ventricolo
reses lateral ventrikel keempat
Recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti
латеральный карман
lateral recess of the 4th ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=643
N/A
cervelet
parencephalon
мозжечок
otak kecil
serebelum
Cerebellum
cerebellum
Kleinhirn
epencephalon-1
Corpus cerebelli
тело мозжечка
cerebelo
cervelletto
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=644
N/A
вторая щель
postpyramidal fissure
secondary fissure
fissura secunda
Fissura secunda
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=645
N/A
incisura posterior
posterior cerebellar incisure
задняя бороздка мозжечка
incisura posteriore
Incisura posterior cerebelli
incisura cerebelosa posterior
incisura cerebellare posteriore
задняя вырезка мозжечка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=646
N/A
valekula
vallecula cerebelli
vallecula cerebelli (Reili)
Vallecula cerebelli
долинка мозжечка (Рейля)
cisura media
vallecula cerebelli
vallecola del cervelletto
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=647
N/A
Kleinhirnrinde
Cortex cerebelli
кора мозжечка
corteza cerebelosa
cerebellar cortex
Rinde des Kleinhirns
corteccia cerebellare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=648
N/A
fissura primaria
fissura prima
primary fissure of the cerebellum
fessura primaria
cisura primaria
primary fissure
primary sulcus of cerebellum
fisur primer
Fissura superior anterior
первая щель
preclival fissure
Fissura prima
surco primario
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=649
N/A
Fissura dorsolateralis
Fissura posterolateralis
fissura posterolaterale
surco prenodular
prenodular fissure
posterolateral fissure
fisur posterolateral
dorsolateral fissure of cerebellum
fessura prenodulare
incisura posterolaterale
surco posterolateral
prenodular sulcus
fessura posterolaterale
задняя латеральная щель
posterior fissure
uvulonodular fissure
cisura posterolateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=650
N/A
paleozerebellarer Anteil des Kleinhirns
Altkleinhirn
Palaeozerebellum
Paläozerebellum
lóbulo anterior de cerebelo
lobus anterior serebelum
lobo anteriore del cervelletto
paleocerebello
Lobus rostralis cerebelli
древняя часть мозжечка
paleoserebelum
Lobus anterior cerebelli
Lobus cerebelli anterior
Lobus cranialis cerebelli
priscocerebellum
Paleocerebellum
anterior lobe of the cerebellum
anterior lobe of cerebellum
anterior cerebellar lobe
spinocerebellum
Lobus anterior (cerebelli)
Palaeocerebellum
paleocerebellum
передняя доля мозжечка
paleocerebelo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=651
N/A
sulcus superior anterior
postlingual fissure
precentral fissure of the cerebellum
Fissura praecentralis
precentral fissure
передняя верхняя борозда (мозжечка)
Fissura precentralis cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=652
N/A
Fissura praeculminata
postcentral fissure-2
preculminate fissure
sulcus superior posterior
postcentral fissure of the cerebellum
Fissura postcentralis cerebelli
верхне-задняя бороздка (мозжечка)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=653
N/A
hemisphere of the anterior lobe
hemisphere of anterior lobe
Hemispherium lobus anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=654
N/A
lobulus quadrangular anterior
Lobulus quadrangularis (Pars cranialis)
anterior semilunar lobule
anterior quadrangular lobule
Lobulus quadrangularis (pars rostralis)
Lobulus quadrangularis anterior
передняя четырехугольная доля
lobilillo cuadrilátero anterior
anterior crescentic lobule of cerebellum
anterior quadrangular lobule of cerebellum
передняя часть четырехугольной дольки
lobulo quadrangolare anteriore
Anterior quadrangulate lobule
pars anterior lobuli quadrangularis
чутырехугольная долька (передняя часть)
semilunar lobule-1 (anterior)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=655
N/A
alar central lobule
Ala lobuli centralis
alae of central lobule
central lobule
Ala lobulus centralis
wing of the central lobule
крыло центральной дольки
lobulillo central alar
lobulo alare centrale
lobules II, III of vermis
Ala centralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=656
N/A
lobo anteriore verme cerebellare
vermis of the anterior lobe
Vermis lobus anterior
vermis of anterior lobe
anterior vermis of cerebellum
part of vermal region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=657
N/A
1st Cerebellar lobule
lingula of the cerebellar vermis
lobule I of vermis
Zünglein
lingula
lingula of cerebellum
lobule I of Larsell
lingula
lingula
Lingula
язычок червя
lingula (I)
lobule I
kleine Zunge
lingula
Lingula cerebelli
язычок мозжечка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=658
N/A
Lobulus centralis
центральная долька
lobulillo central
lobulo centrale
central lobule of the cerebellum
central lobule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=659
N/A
вершина
lobules 4-5
Culmen anterior, posterior
culmen
lobules IV,V
lobule 5
Gipfel
culmen
culmen
culmen
Culmen monticuli
Culmen
4&5th Cerebellar lobules
culmen of the cerebellum
lobule 4
lobules IV, V of vermis
Spitze
верхушка холмика червя
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=660
N/A
Neukleinhirn
Lobus posterior cerebelli
middle lobe-1 of cerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
Lobus cerebelli posterior
задняя доля мозжечка
lobus tengah
lobo posteriore neocerebello
новая часть мозжечка
lóbulo posterior
posterior lobe of the cerebellum
posterior lobe-1 of cerebellum
pontocerebellum
neozerebellarer Anteil des Kleinhirns
posterior cerebellar lobe
Neozerebellum
neocerebellum
neoserebelum
lobus posterior
Lobus caudalis cerebelli
Neocerebellum
neocerebelo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=661
N/A
great horizontal fissure
горизонтальная щель мозжечка
fissura horizontalis
horizontal fissure
fissura horisontal
incisura orizzontale
scissura orizzontale
surco circunferencial
fissura horizontalis cerebelli
горизонтальная борозда мозжечко
cisura horizontal
intercrural fissure
Fissura horizontalis
horizontal fissure of the cerebellum
fissura orizzontale
Fissura intercruralis
cisura circunferencial
sulcus horizontalis cerebelli
surco horizontal
fessura orizzontale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=662
N/A
posterior superior fissure
fissura superior posterior
surco posterosuperior
postlunate fissure
задняя верхняя борозда
postclival fissure
Fissura superior posterior
Sulcus posterior superior
cisura posterosuperior
fessura superiore posteriore
fissura superiore posteriore
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=663
N/A
fessura prepiramidale
Fissura parafloccularis
Fissura praepyramidalis
surco prepiramidal
fisur prapiramis
fissura prepiramidale
postpyramidal fissure (Crosby)
prepyramidal sulcus
incisura prepiramidale
Fissura prepyramidalis
Fissura inferior anterior
cisura prepiramidal
prepyramidal fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=664
N/A
hemisphere of posterior lobe
hemisphere of the posterior lobe
Hemispherium lobus posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=665
N/A
pars posterior lobuli quadrangularis
lobule H VI of Larsell
lobulus kuadrangular posterior
Lobulus quadrangularis pars inferoposterior
posterior crescentic lobule of cerebellum
posterior semilunar lobule
lobulo quadrangolare posteriore
Lobulus simplex
Lobulus quadrangularis pars caudalis/posterior
четырехугольная долька (задняя часть)
posterior quadrangular lobule of cerebellum
Posterior quadrangulate lobule
lobulus simplex
lobulo semplice
lobulillo simple
простая долька
Simplex
semilunar lobule-1 (posterior)
posterior quadrangular lobule
simple lobule
задняя часть четырехугольной дольки
lobilillo cuadrlátero posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=666
N/A
ansiform lobule
lobulillo ansiforme
lobulo ansiforme
Lobulus ansiformis cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=667
N/A
semilunar lobule-2 (superior)
crus I
Lobulus semilunaris cranialis
ansiform lobe of the cerebellum, crus 1
crus I
Crus I of cerebellum
lobulus semilunar inferior
Lobulus posterior superior
верхняя полулунная долька (мозжечка)
Crus I of the ansiform lobule
Crus I
posterior superior lobule
superior semilunar lobule
lobulo semilunare superiore
Crus I (cerebelli)
Lobulus semilunaris superior
lobulillo semilunar superior
Lobulus semilunaris rostralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=668
N/A
ansiform lobe of the cerebellum, crus 2
Crus II
Crus II of cerebellum
lobulus semilunar inferior
crus II
Lobulus semilunaris caudalis
posterior inferior lobule
semilunar lobule-2 (inferior)
Lobulus posterior inferior
lobulillo semilunar inferior
inferior semilunar lobule
crus 2
Lobulus semilunaris inferior
crus 2 of the ansiform lobule
lobulo semilunare inferiore
нижняя полулунная долька (мозжечка)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=669
N/A
Lobus paramedianus
lobilillo grácil
gracile lobule
paramedian lobule
нежная долька
парамедианная долька
Lobus paramedianus cerebelli
Lobulus gracilis
paramedian lobule of the cerebellum
lobilillo delgado
lobulo gracile
lobulo paramediano
тонкая долька (задней доли полушария мозжечка)
Lobulus paramedianus cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=670
N/A
Lobus biventer
dorsal paraflocculus
biventer lobule
lobulo biventre
lobulus biventer cerebelli
lobilillo digástrico
cuneiform lobe
Lobulus biventer
двубрюшная долька (нижней доли полушария мозжечка)
dorsal paraflocculus lobule
biventral lobule
Lobulus biventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=671
N/A
ventral paraflocculus lobule
ventral paraflocculus
tonsil
tonsil
amígdala cerebelosa
tonsilla cerebellare
Paraflocculus ventralis
lobule H IX of Larsell
cerebellar tonsil
tonsilla
Tonsilla cerebelli
Tonsilla
миндалина (нижней доли полушария) мозжечка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=672
N/A
второй клочок мозжечка
paraflóculo
accessory paraflocculus
paraflocculus
paraflocculus
Paraflocculus (cerebelli)
околоклочок
paraflocculo
Paraflocculus
flocculus secundus cerebelli
Lobulus parafloccularis cerebelli
paraflocculus-1
придаточный клочок мозжечка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=673
N/A
vermis of the posterior lobe
Vermis lobus posterior
vermis of posterior lobe
part of vermal region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=674
N/A
Declive
скат червя мозжечка
declive
скат
Clivus
declive
lobule VI
declio
Clivus-2
задний отдел червя мозжечка
6th Cerebellar lobule
Declivus
declive
Abhang
lobule VI of vermis
lobule 6
declive (VI)
declive
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=675
refers to one of two subdivisions of lobule VII of the cerebellar vermis; the other is the tuber (Madigan-1971).
part of folium-tuber vermis
folium
folium del vermis
lobule VIIA
folium vermis
Folium vermis
лист червя
folium vermis
folium
листок червя
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=676
refers to one of two subdivisions of lobule VII of the cerebellar vermis; the other is the folium ( Madigan-1971 ).
tuber of the vermis
tuber del vermis
lobule VIIB
бугор червя
part of folium-tuber vermis
tuber
tuber of vermis
tuber vermis
tuber vermis
Tuber vermis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=677
N/A
pyramid of cerebellum
pyramis of cerebellum
pyramis of vermis
piramis
lobule 8
lobule VIII of Larsell
pyramis
piramide
пирамида червя
pyramus
pirámide
lobule VIII of vermis
pyramis of the vermis
8th Cerebellar lobule
pyramus (VIII)
pyramis
Pyramis vermis
Pyramis
piaramide
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=678
N/A
uvula of cerebellum
uvula
úvula
lobule IX
втулочка червя
lobule IX of Larsell
uvula
Uvula vermis
9th Cerebellar lobule
uvula (IX)
lobule 9
uvula
язычок червя мозжечка
Uvula
язычок червя
lobule IX of vermis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=679
N/A
Archicerebellum
клочково-узелковая доля
lobulillo floculonodular
arkiserebelum
vestibuloserebelum
archicerebello
flocculonodular lobe
Lobus flocculonodularis
Archaeocerebellum
Archeocerebellum
vestibulocerebelo
posterior lobe-2 of cerebellum
vestibulocerebellum
lobulo flocculonodulare
старая часть мозжечка
archicerebellum
archicerebellum
lobus flokulonodular
arquicerebelo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=680
N/A
flocculus
flocculus cerebelli
flóculo
flokul
Flocculus
flocculo
Flöckchen
flocculus
клочок полушария мозжечка
Kleinhirnflocke
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=681
N/A
nodulus
nodule
nodulus
lobule X of Larsell
lobule 10
узелок червячка
Nodulus
lobule X of vermis
lobule X
Knötchen
nodul
nodulo del cervelletto
nodulus vermis
10th Cerebellar lobule
nodule of the cerebellum
nodulus (X)
nódulo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=682
N/A
Kleinhirnkerne
Nuclei cerebelli
central nuclei
núcleos cerebelosos intrínsecos
núcleos intrínsecos
rhomboid body
cerebellar nuclei
Nuclei cerebellares
intracerebellar nuclei
Nuclei cerebellaris
núcleos cerebelosos profundos
deep cerebellar nuclei
ядра мозжечка
roof nuclei-2
nuclei cerebellari profondi
intrinsic nuclei of cerebellum
nuclei intrinseci
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=683
N/A
dentate cerebellar nucleus
Nucleus dentatus cerebelli
núcleo dentado
зубчатое ядро мозжечка
lateral nucleus of cerebellum
nukleus dentat
nucleo dentato
nucleus dentatus
Nucleus dentatus
dentate nucleus
dentate nucleus (Vicq d'Azyr)
lateral cerebellar nucleus
Nucleus lateralis cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=684
N/A
neodentate part of dentate nucleus
Pars neodentata
neodentate portion of the dentate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=685
N/A
paleodentate part of the dentate nucleus
Pars paleodentata
paleodentate portion of dentate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=686
N/A
Amiculum nuclei dentati
amiculum of the dentate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=687
N/A
вырезка зубчатого ядра
ворота зубчатого ядра
hilum of the dentate nucleus
Hilum nuclei dentati
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=688
N/A
Nucleus interpositus anterior cerebelli
nucleus emboliformis
nukleus emboliformis
nukleus emboliform
пробковидное ядро
anterior interposed nucleus
nucleo emboliforme
núcleo emboliforme
emboliform nucleus
anterior interpositus nucleus
Nucleus emboliformis
Nucleus emboliformis cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=689
N/A
nucleus globosus
núcleo esférico
núcleo globoso
круглое ядро
nucleo globoso
Nuclei globosi
Nucleus interpositus posterior cerebelli
posterior interposed nucleus
posterior interpositus nucleus
Kugelkern
nukleus globose
шаровидное ядро
Nucleus globosus
globose nucleus
Nucleus globosus cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=690
N/A
medial cerebellar nucleus
nucleo fastigiale
Nucleus fastigii
Nucleus fastigiatus
roof nucleus-1
fastigial cerebellar nucleus
Nucleus fastigii cerebelli
medial (fastigial) nucleus
fastigial nucleus
ядро шатра
núcleo del techo
núcleo fastigial
Nucleus (motorius) tecti cerebelli
medial nucleus of cerebellum
nukleus fastigii
Nucleus fastigius cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=691
N/A
cerebellar white matter
Kleinhirnmark
Mark (Kleinhirn)
weiße Substanz des Kleinhirns
Substantia medullaris cerebelli
medullary substance of cerebellum
Substantia centralis medullaris cerebelli
sostanza bianca cerebellare
white matter of cerebellum
sustancia blanca
sustancia medular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=692
N/A
arbor vitae
Lebensbaum
Arbor vitae
древо жизни мозжечка
Arbor vitae cerebelli
arbor vitae
árbol de la vida
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=693
N/A
medullary body of the cerebellum
Markkörper
мозговое тело мозжечка
Corpus medullare cerebelli
cuerpo medular del cerebelo
Corpus medullare (cerebellum)
Corpus medullare
Corpus medullare of cerebellum
medullary body
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=694
N/A
peduncolo del flocculo
Pedunculus floccularis
Pedunculus flocculi
ножка клочка
peduncle of the flocculus
floccular peduncle
pedúnculo del flóculo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=695
N/A
Lamina medullaris superior
superior white lamina
superior medullary lamina of cerebellum
superior medullary lamina
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=696
N/A
inferior white lamina
inferior medullary lamina
Lamina medullaris inferior
internal medullary lamina of cerebellum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=697
N/A
Velum medullare posterius
posterior medullary velum
Velum medullare inferius
velo medular inferior
velum medular inferior
inferior medullary velum
задний мозговой парус
нижний мозговой парус
Velum medullare caudale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698
N/A
metepencephalon
verlängertes Mark
Myelencephalon
mielencéfalo
Bulbus
medulla
bulbo
midollo allungato
Medulla oblongata
bulbo
Markhirn
mielencefalo
бульбус
medulla oblongata
sambungan sumsum-belakang
bulbo raquídeo
medula oblongata
afterbrain
mielensefalon
продолговатый мозг
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=699
N/A
untere Olive
олива
olivary eminence
eminencia olivar
olive
Olive
oliva inferiore
oliva inferior
inferior olivary eminence
inferior olive
Oliva
oliva
oliva
eminenza olivare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=700
N/A
передняя срединная щель
anterior median fissure of the medulla
ventral median sulcus
ventral median fissure of medulla
Fissura mediana ventralis
Fissura mediana anterior
surco medio anterior
anterior median fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=701
N/A
ninth cranial nerve
IX. Hirnnerv
saraf glosofaring
Nerve IX
языкоглоточный нерв
glossopharyngeal nerve
nervo IX
Nervus glossopharyngeus
Zungenrachennerv
saraf IX
nervo glossofaringeo
saraf-otak kesembilan
Hirnnerv IX
nervio glosofaríngeo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=702
N/A
vagus nerve
saraf-otak kesepuluh
Hirnnerv X
nervo X
saraf vagus
Nervus vagus
saraf X
nervo vago
X. Hirnnerv
nervio vago
tenth cranial nerve
Nerve X
блуждающий нерв
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=703
N/A
cranial portion of eleventh cranial nerve
Nerve XI (cranialis)
nervo accessorio
cranial accessory nerve
XI. Hirnnerv
accessory portion of spinal accessory nerve
bulbar part of accessory nerve
cranial part of the accessory nerve
internal branch of accessory nerve
Hirnnerv XI
Pars vagalis of nervus accessorius
porción craneal del nervio accesorio
Radices craniales nervi accessorii
bulbar accessory nerve
nervo accessorio spinale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=704
N/A
saraf hipoglosus
Zungenfleischnerv
nervo XII
twelfth cranial nerve
saraf-otak keduabelas
подъязычный нерв
nervio hipogloso
Unterzungennerv
nervo ipoglosso
Nervi hypoglossalis
saraf XII
hypoglossal nerve
Hirnnerv XII
Nerve XII
XII. Hirnnerv
Nervus hypoglossus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=705
N/A
Pyramis medullae oblongatae
Pyramide des verlängerten Rückenmarkes
piramide bulbare
pyramid of the medulla
medullary pyramid
Pyramis (medullae oblongatae)
Pyramide
piramide
пирамида (продолговатого мозга)
pirámide bulbare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=706
N/A
Sulcus posterolateralis
dorsolateral sulcus
задняя ветвь латеральной борозды
posterolateral sulcus
Sulcus dorsolateralis
Sulcus lateralis posterior
задняя латеральная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=707
N/A
sulkus intermedius posterior
Sulcus intermedius dorsalis
dorsal intermediate sulcus
dorsomedial sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=708
N/A
dorsal median sulcus of medulla
Sulcus medianus posterior
surco medio
dorsal median sulcus
sulkus median posterior
solco mediano
Sulcus medianus dorsalis
задняя срединная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=709
N/A
retro-olivary sulcus
Sulcus retroolivaris
Sulcus retro-olivaris
Sulcus post-olivaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=710
N/A
ventrolateral fissure of medulla
передняя боковая борозда
sulcus lateralis anterior
Sulcus ventrolateralis
переднебоковая борозда
anterolateral sulcus of medulla
ventrolateral sulcus
Sulcus anterolateralis
передняя латеральная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=711
N/A
trigeminal tubercle
Eminentia trigemini
Tuberculum cinereum
Tuberculum trigeminale
eminensia trigeminus
tuberkel sinereum
тройничный бугорок
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=712
N/A
tubercolo cuneato
Tuberculum cuneatum
tubérculo cuneiforme
клиновидный бугорок
tubérculo cuneatum
cuneate tubercle
бугорок клиновидного ядра
tuberkel kuneat
Tuberculum nuclei cuneati
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=713
N/A
tuberkel grasil
tuberculum gracile
clava
бугорок тонкого ядра
gracile tubercle
Tuberculum gracile
Tuberculum nuclei gracilis
Clava
tubérculo gracilis
gracilis tubercle
gracilis tubercle of the medulla
tubercolo gracile
тонкий бугорок
tubérculo delgado
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714
refers to five cell groups located dorsolaterally in the medulla lateral to the fourth ventricle and ventral to the cerebellum. They are the major recipients of direct input from the vestibular nerve. Found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), they include the superior vestibular nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus, medial vestibular nucleus, descending vestibular nucleus and interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve. Some authors include nucleus y ( Holstein-2012 ) and some exclude the interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve ( Swanson-2004 ) from the group. Functionally they are part of the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
Vestibulariskerne
преддверные ядра
ядра вестибулярного нерва
nukleus-nukleus vestibular
nuclei vestibolari
vestibular nuclear complex
complesso nucleare vestibolare
Nuclei vestibulares
núcleos vestibulares
nuclei vestibular
vestibular nuclei
вестибулярные ядра
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=715
N/A
superior vestibular nucleus (Bechterew)
núcleo vestibular superior
nucleus of Bechterew
superior vestibular nucleus
Nucleus Bechterew
Nucleus vestibularis rostralis
Nucleus vestibularis superior (Bechterew)
верхнее вестибулярное ядро
ядро Бехтерева
nucleo vestibolare superiore
Nucleus vestibularis superior
nukleus vestibular superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=716
nucleo vestibolare laterale di Deiters
displaced cerebellar nucleus
Nucleus vestibularis lateralis
nucleo vestibolare laterale
латеральное вестибулярное ядро
ядро Дейтерса
lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters)
Deiter's nucleus
lateral vestibular nucleus
núcleo vestibular lateral
Nucleus vestibularis lateralis (Deiters)
lateral nucleus of Deiters
nucleus of Deiters
nukleus vestibular lateral
Nucleus vestibularis magnocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=717
N/A
medial vestibular nucleus (Schwalbe)
медиальное преддверное ядро
Nucleus vestibularis medialis (Schwalbe)
chief vestibular nucleus
nukleus vestibular medial
principal vestibular nucleus
Nucleus vestibularis medialis
медиальное вестибулярное ядро
triangular nucleus
medial vestibular nucleus
nucleus of Schwalbe
nucleo vestibolare mediale
ядро Швальбе
núcleo vestibular medial
Schwalbe's nucleus
dorsal vestibular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=718
N/A
caudal vestibular nucleus
Nucleus vestibularis caudalis
Nucleus vestibularis inferior
spinal vestibular nucleus
nukleus vestibular inferior
ядро Роллера
inferior vestibular nucleus
descending vestibular nucleus
нижнее вестибулярное ядро
нижнее преддверное ядро
núcleo vestibular inferior
nucleo vestibolare inferiore
Nucleus vestibularis inferior (Roller)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=719
refers to clusters of large nerve cells distributed in the vestibular component of vestibulocochlear nerve fibers in the human and the macaque ( Paxinos-2004 ), and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). They are revealed in Nissl stained sections and stain for acetylcholinesterase. Functionally they belong to the vestibulomotor regions of the behavioral control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
interstitial nucleus of vestibular nerve
nucleo interstiziale del nervo vestibolare
interstitial nucleus of the eighth nerve
Nucleus vestibularis interstitialis
interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720
refers to a composite structure that protrudes from the lateral surface of the the medulla at its junction with the pons and the cerebellar peduncles. The cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve enters it from below. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it consists of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, the posteroventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus. In addition to the basic three nuclei the human has a superficial glial zone of the cochlear nuclei and a cap area of the ventral cochlear nuclei ( Moore-2004 ). The rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) have a subpeduncular granular region of the cochlear nuclei, a granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei, and an interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve as parts of the same complex. Functionally they are part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 )..
cochlear nuclei
nukleus koklear
cochlear nucleus
улитковые ядра
nuclei cocleari
Kochleariskerne
Cochleariskerne
слуховые ядра
Nuclei cochleares
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=721
refers to one of three cochlear nuclei identified by dissection and Nissl stain. It and the others, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the posteroventral cochlear nucleus, form a protrusion on the lateral surface of the medulla, where they are entered by the cochlear nerve and overlaid by the cerebellar flocculus. They are found in the human ( Moore-2004 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The cochlear nuclei are classified as part of the subcortical auditory system in the functional CNS model ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleo cocleare dorsale
дорсальное улитковое ядро
dorsal cochlear nucleus
nucleus cochlear dorsal
Nucleus cochlearis posterior
Nucleus cochlearis dorsalis
заднее улитковое ядро
dorsal division of cochlear nucleus
nukleus koklear dorsal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=722
refers to a composite structure located on the lateral surface of the medulla at its junction with the pons; it is entered there by the cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve. In the human it consists of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the posteroventral cochlear nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors distinguish a cap area of the ventral cochlear nuclei ( Amunts-2012 ). The ventral cochlear nuclei, present in primates and rodents, are classified as part of the subcortical auditory system in the Functional CNS Model ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleo cocleare ventrale
ventrale Cochleariskerne
переднее улитковое ядро
ventral cochlear nuclei
ventral cochlear nucleus
nukleus koklear ventral
accessory cochlear nucleus
ventral division of cochlear nucleus
Nucleus cochlearis ventralis
nucleus cochlear ventral
Nucleus acustici accessorici
Nucleus cochlearis anterior
вентральное улитковое ядро
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=723
refers to one of three cochlear nuclei identified by dissection and Nissl stain. It and the others, the posteroventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus, form a protrusion on the lateral surface of the medulla, where they are entered by the cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve and overlaid by the cerebellar flocculus. The cochlear nuclei are found in the human ( Moore-2004 ), the macaque ( NeuroNames ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The boundary between the anteroventral and the posteroventral nuclei is less distinct in humans than in the other species ( Moore-2004 ). The cochlear nuclei are classified as part of the subcortical auditory system in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
Ventral coclear nucleus anterior part
nucleo cocleare anteroventrale
Anterior Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
anteroventral auditory nucleus
anterior part of the ventral cochlear nucleus
anteroventral cochlear nucleus
Nucleus cochlearis anteroventralis
ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=724
refers to one of three cochlear nuclei identified by dissection and Nissl stain. It and the others, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus, form a protrusion on the lateral surface of the medulla where they are entered by the cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve and overlaid by the cerebellar flocculus. They are found in the human ( Moore-2004 ), the macaque ( Dubach-2008 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The boundary between the anteroventral and the posteroventral nuclei is less distinct in humans than in the other species ( Moore-2004 ). The cochlear nuclei are classified as part of the subcortical auditory system in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral coclear nucleus posterior part
posteroventral cochlear nucleus
ventral cochlear nucleus, posterior part
nucleo cocleare posteroventrale
posterior part of the ventral cochlear nucleus
nucleo posteroventrale
Posterior Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
Nucleus cochlearis posteroventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=725
N/A
medullary reticular formation
reticular formation of medulla
bulbar reticular formation
formación reticular bulbar
formazione reticolare del midollo allungato
formazione reticolare bulbare
Formatio reticularis myelencephali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=726
N/A
grupo nuclear lateral de los núcleos reticulares
lateral group of medullary reticular formation
lateral medullary reticular group
Nuclei laterales myelencephali
gruppo laterale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=727
refers to a group of cells, classically defined on the basis of Nissl stain, that is located ventrolaterally in the medullary reticular formation of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). In the rat and mouse it is subdivided into a magnocellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus and parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus ( not to be confused with the parvicellular reticular nucleus ). The lateral reticular nucleus as defined by Nissl stain is not subdivided in most textbooks and brain atlases of primates. The A1 cell group of noradrenergic neurons is found in its vicinity ( Dahlstrom-1964; Felten-1983 ). Functionally it belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
The nucleus is also defined on the basis of multiple stains as consisting of three parts in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), and the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and: the parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus, the subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus, and the lateral reticular nucleus proper. The nucleus proper and parvicellular part are found in the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The location of the nucleus proper and subtrigeminal part suggests that the combination may be the multistain equivalent of the magnocellular part identified by Nissl stain.
lateral reticular nucleus (medulla)
nucleus reticularis lateralis medulla oblongata
lateral reticular nucleus
Nucleus reticularis lateralis
nucleo reticolare laterale del midollo allungato
nukleus retikular lateral
Nucleus reticularis lateralis (medullae)
núcleo reticular lateral
Nucleus lateralis medullae oblongatae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=728
N/A
nucleo reticolare parvicellulare
Nucleus reticularis parvicellularis
nucleus parvicellular
nukleus retikular parviselular
Nucleus parvocellularis
Nucleus reticularis parvocellularis
parvicellular reticular nucleus
parvocellular reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=729
N/A
central group (medullary reticular formation)
Nuclei centrales myelencephali
grupo central de los núcleos reticulares
central medullary reticular group
gruppo centrale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=730
N/A
nukleus retikular gigantoselular
gigantocellular reticular nucleus
nucleus reticularis gigantocellaris
nucleus gigantocellular
nucleo reticolare gigantocellulare
nucleo reticolato gigantocellulare
gigantocellular nucleus
núcleo reticular gigantocelular
Nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis
gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Kölliker)
nucleus gigantocellularis
magnocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part (Cajal)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=731
N/A
paragigantocellular nucleus, lateral part
paragigantocellular reticular nucleus, lateral part
lateral paragigantocellular nucleus
Nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=732
N/A
paragigantocellular nucleus, dorsal part
dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus
paragigantocellular reticular nucleus, dorsal part
Nucleus paragigantocellularis dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=733
N/A
nucleo reticolare ventrale
Nucleus centralis medullae oblongatae
nukleus retikular ventral
ventral reticular nucleus
Nucleus reticularis ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734
refers to collections of cells within and bordering the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla lateral to the nucleus raphe obscurus of the medullary reticular formation in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Some authors divide the nuclei of the human into three subnuclei: the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus, the accessory paramedian reticular nucleus, and the ventral paramedian reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally they belong to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
gruppo nucleare paramediano
grupo nuclear reticular paramediano
Nucleus reticularis paramedianus myelencephali
Nuclei paramedianes myelencephali
paramedian reticular nuclear group
paramedian reticular nuclei
paramedian group (medullary reticular formation)
paramedian reticular nucleus
nukleus retikular paramedial
paramedial reticular nuclei
paramedian medullary reticular group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=735
refers to one of three cell groups comprising the paramedian reticular nuclei in the medullary reticular formation of the human. The others are the accessory paramedian reticular nucleus and the ventral paramedian reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus
Nucleus reticularis paramedianus dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=736
refers to one of three cell groups comprising the paramedian reticular nuclei in the medullary reticular formation of the human. The others are the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus and the ventral paramedian reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
accessory paramedian reticular nucleus
Nucleus paramedianus accessorius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=737
refers to one of three cell groups comprising the paramedian reticular nuclei in the medullary reticular formation of the human. The others are the accessory paramedian reticular nucleus and the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Nucleus reticularis paramedianus ventralis
ventral paramedian reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738
N/A
nukleus raphe medulla oblongata
raphe nuclei of the medulla
Nuclei raphe (myelencephali)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=739
N/A
nucleo magno del rafe
Nucleus raphe magnus
raphe magnus nucleus
Nucleus raphes magnus
nucleus raphe magnus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=740
N/A
nucleus raphe obscurus
raphe obscurus nucleus
nucleus raphae obscurus
Nucleus raphes obscurus
Nucleus raphe obscurus
nucleo oscuro del rafe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=741
N/A
nucleus raphe pallidus
nucleo pallido del rafe
Nucleus raphes pallidus
nucleus raphae pallidus
raphe pallidus nucleus
Nucleus raphe pallidus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=742
refers to a group of cells in the medulla that is involved in the sensory component of autonomic systems that control visceral organs, such as the heart and lungs. It contains numerous subnuclei, which vary by species and method of identification. Classically the nucleus is divided into five subnuclei defined on the basis of topology as observed with Nissl staining ( Carpenter-1983; click Locus in Brain Hierarchy below.) A more recent segmentation based on multiple criteria identifies ten subnuclei ( Paxinos-2012 ). The latter approach identifies eleven subdivisions in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), twelve subdivisions in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and eleven in the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
An alternate definition ( solitary nucleus (Swanson) ) is based on function in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ); it excludes the division involved in taste perception and consists of five subdivisions.
nukleus solitar
Nucleus fasciculus solitarius
núcleo del tracto solitario
complesso nucleare solitario
Nucleus solitarius
solitary nuclear complex
nucleus of tractus solitarius
nucleo del fascicolo solitario
Nucleus tractus solitarii
nucleus of the solitary tract
solitary nucleus
Nuclei tractus solitarii
ядро одиночного пути
nucleus of solitary tract
Nucleus tracti solitarii
nucleus solitarius
complejo solitario
núcleo solitario
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=743
N/A
dorsolateral subnucleus of the solitary tract
nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsolateral part
Subnucleus dorsolateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=744
N/A
nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsomedial part
Subnucleus dorsomedialis
dorsomedial subnucleus of the solitary tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=745
is probably the topological equivalent of the medial part of the solitary nucleus.
parte medial del núcleo solitario
medial subnucleus of the solitary tract
Subnucleus medialis
medial part of solitary nucleus
nucleus of the solitary tract, medial part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=746
N/A
parvicellular subnucleus of the solitary tract
Subnucleus parvicellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=747
N/A
ventrolateral subnucleus of the solitary tract
nucleus of the solitary tract, ventrolateral part
Subnucleus ventrolateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=748
N/A
inferior olivary nucleus
nucleus olivarius inferior
оливное ядро
ядро нижней оливы
complejo nuclear olivar inferior
complesso olivare inferiore
Nucleus olivaris inferior
complesso nucleare olivare inferiore
complejo del núcleo olivar inferior
complejo olivar inferior
inferior olivary complex
Regio olivaris inferior
inferior olivary complex (Vieussens)
Nucleus olivaris caudalis
inferior olivary nuclear complex
Nuclei olivares inferiores
Olivensystem
nukleus olivari inferior
inferior olive
нижнее оливное ядро
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=749
N/A
principal nucleus of inferior olive
nucleus olivarius inferior principalis
chief inferior olivary nucleus
principal olive
Nucleus olivaris inferior principalis
inferior olivary complex, principal olive
inferior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan)
main olivary nucleus
principal inferior olivary nucleus
principal nucleus
inferior olive, principal nucleus
Olivenhauptkern
nucleo olivare inferiore principale
núcleo olivar inferior principal
nucleo olivare inferiore
nukleus olivari inferior utama
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=750
dorsal accessory olive
Nucleus olivaris inferior accessorius dorsalis
nuclei olivarii accessorii dorsalis
nucleo olivare dorsale accessorio
Nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior
дорсальное добавочное оливарное ядро
dorsal accessory nucleus of inferior olivary complex
dorsal accessory olivary nucleus
Nucleus olivaris accessorius dorsalis
Nucleus olivaris inferior dorsalis
nukleus olivari aksesori dorsal
Nucleus olivaris inferior, lamina dorsalis
dorsal accessory inferior olivary nucleus
inferior olivary complex, dorsal accessory olive
inferior olive, dorsal nucleus
заднее добавочное оливное ядро
núcleo olivar accesorio dorsal
dorsal accessory nucleus of the inferior olive
inferior olivary complex, dorsal accessory nucleus
дорсальное добавочное ядро оливы
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=751
N/A
medial accessory olive
nucleo olivare accessorio mediale
Nucleus olivaris inferior, lamina medialis
inferior olivary complex, medial accessory olive
medial accessory inferior olivary nucleus
Nucleus olivaris inferior accessorius medialis
Nucleus olivaris inferior medialis
medial accessory olivary nucleus
медиальное добавочное оливарное ядро
inferior olive, medial nucleus
oliva accessoria mediale
медиальное добавочное оливное ядро
medial accessory nucleus of the inferior olive
nuclei olivarii accessorii medialis
medial accessory nucleus of inferior olivary complex
nucleo olivare mediale accessorio
inferior olivary complex, medial accessory nucleus
Nucleus juxtaolivaris
Nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis
núcleo olivar accesorio medial
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=752
N/A
amiculum of the inferior olive
оливный плащ
Amiculum olivare
amiculum olivae
amiculum olivae
amiculum del complesso olivare inferiore
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=753
N/A
Hilum nuclei olivaris caudalis
ворота нижнего оливного ядра
hilum of the inferior olive
hilus of inferior olivary nucleus
inferior olivary hilum
Hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=754
N/A
nucleus of inferior commissure
Nucleus commissuralis
комиссуральное ядро
nucleo commissurale del N. X
commissural nucleus-1
commissural nucleus of the vagus nerve
Nucleus commissuralis nervi vagi
núcleo de la comisura
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=755
N/A
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
nucleus motorius dorsalis nervi vagi
дорсальное ядро блуждающего нерва
dorsal vagal nucleus
dorsaler Vaguskern
Nucleus vagalis dorsalis
dorsal efferent nucleus of vagus
dorsal motor nucleus
dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
nucleo motore dorsale del N. X
Nucleus dorsalis motorius nervi vagi
nucleo motorio dorsale del N. X
Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
nucleo motore dorsale del vago
заднее ядро блуждающего нерва
dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
nukleus motorik dorsal saraf vagus
Nucleus alaris (Oertel)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=756
N/A
central gray of the medulla
central gray substance of the medulla
central gray matter
Griseum periventriculare
Substantia grisea centralis
medullary central gray substance
sostanza grigia centrale del midollo allungato
central gray substance of medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=757
N/A
hypoglossal nerve nucleus
Hypoglossuskern
Nucleus hypoglossalis
nucleo ipoglosso
ядро подъязычного нерва
hypoglossal nucleus
Nucleus nervi hypoglossi
nucleo dell'ipoglosso (N. XII)
nukleus hipoglosus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=758
N/A
prepositus nucleus (Marburg)
prepositus nucleus
prepositus hypoglossal nucleus
Nucleus prepositus
Nucleus praepositus
nucleus prepositus
núcleo prepositus
Nucleus praepositus hypoglossi
nucleo preposito
Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=759
N/A
intercalated nucleus
intercalated nucleus of medulla
intercalated nucleus of the medulla
nucleus intercalatus of medulla
Nucleus intercalatus (Staderini)
nucleus of Staderini
nucleo intercalato
Nucleus intercalatus
вставочное ядро
nucleus intercalatus
nucleus intercalatus (Staderini)
núcleo intercalado
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=760
refers to one of three or four components of the parabrachial nuclei in the functional segmentation of the pontine tegmentum of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is located ventral to the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons at the junction of two other components, the medial parabrachial nucleus and the lateral parabrachial nucleus. It is part of the respiratory center ( Carpenter-1983 ). Commonly referred to as the 'nucleus of Kolliker-Fuse', it was not always regarded as part of the parabrachial nuclei; classically they included only the medial and lateral nuclei ( Riley-1943; Jones-2005 ).
diffuse reticular nucleus
Kölliker-Fuse nucleus
Nucleus reticularis diffusus
nucleus of Kolliker-Fuse
Kölliker-Fuse subnucleus of parabrachial nucleus
Kölliker-Fuse subnucleus
Nucleus reticularis diffusus (Koelliker)
K'lliker-Fuse nucleus
Klliker-Fuse nucleus
parabrachial nucleus, Kölliker-Fuse subnucleus
parabrachial nucleus, waist part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=761
refers to a group of cells located lateral to the spinal trigeminal tract of the medulla and medial to the spinocerebellar tracts at the level of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The cells, identified by Nissl stain, are partially embedded in the adjacent tracts; their distribution varies by species. The paratrigeminal nucleus may represent an extension of the lateral cervical nucleus into the medulla ( Swanson-2004 ). It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
lateral cervical nucleus, trigeminal extension
paratrigeminal nucleus
Nucleus paratrigeminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=762
N/A
Nucleus peritrigeminalis
peritrigeminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=763
N/A
sublingual nucleus
Nucleus parvocellularis nervi hypoglossi
Nucleus Roller
Nucleus sublingualis
nucleus of Roller
nucleo di Roller
núcleo de Roller
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=764
N/A
inferior salivatory nucleus
Nucleus salivatorius caudalis
nucleus salivatorius inferior
Nucleus salivarius inferior
Nucleus salivatorius inferior
nucleo salivatorio inferiore
Nucleus salivatorius inferior nervi glossopharyngei
unterer Speichelkern
нижнее слюноотделительное ядро
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=765
refers to a long narrow group of neurons embedded in the medullary reticular formation from the spinomedullary junction to the level of the inferior olivary complex. Defined by Nissl stain, it is undivided in the human ( Koutcherov-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the macaque some authors subdivide it into three parts: a rostral compact part of the ambiguous nucleus, an intermediate subcompact part of the ambiguous nucleus and a caudal loose part of the ambiguous nucleus ( Paxinos-2009 ). In the rat it is divided into two parts: the dorsal division of the ambiguous nucleus, one of the neuroendocrine motor zone, somatic motor neuron pools, and the ventral division of the ambiguous nucleus, one of the preganglionic autonomic pools, parasympathetic component ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleo ambiguo
núcleo ambiguo
ambiguus nucleus
ambiguous nucleus
Nucleus ambiguus
nucleus ambiguus
Nucleus innominatus
двойное ядро
nukleus ambigus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=766
N/A
gracile nucleus (Goll)
тонкое ядро
Goll's nucleus
gracile nucleus
gracile nucleus of the medulla
Goll'scher Kern
Nucleus gracilis
nukleus grasil
nucleo gracile
gracile nucleus, general
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=767
Burdach's nucleus
cuneate nucleus
Nucleus restiformis
cuneate nucleus of the medulla
Nucleus cuneatus
cuneate nucleus (Burdach)
Nucleus cuneatus medialis
nucleo cuneato
клиновидное ядро
núcleo cuneiforme
nukleus kuneat
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=768
N/A
nukleus kuneat aksesori
Nucleus cuneatis externus
núcleo cuneiforme accesorio
accessory cuneate nucleus
nucleus cuneatus accessorius
external cuneate nucleus (Monakow, Blumenau 1891)
Nucleus Monakow
nukleus kuneat lateral
Nucleus funiculi cuneatus externus
external cuneate nucleus
nucleo cuneato accessorio
добавчное клиновидное ядро
lateral cuneate nucleus
Nucleus cuneatus lateralis
nucleus of corpus restiforme
Nucleus cuneatus accessorius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=769
N/A
lateral pericuneate nucleus
Nucleus pericuneatus lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=770
N/A
medial pericuneate nucleus
Nucleus pericuneatus medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=771
N/A
caudal nucleus (Kandell)
spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal part
caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
parte caudal del núcleo trigeminoespinal
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, caudal part
caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
Nucleus caudalis tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
Subnucleus caudalis
Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, pars caudalis
parte caudale del nucleo trigeminale spinale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=772
N/A
chemoreceptor trigger zone
последнее поле
Area postrema
area postrema
área postrema
area postrema
самое заднее поле
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=773
N/A
central canal
kanal sentral
central canal medulla (Fernel)
central canal of the medulla
canale centrale
conducto central
Canalis centralis
Zentralkanal des Rückenmarkes
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=774
N/A
nucleus of circumolivary bundle
cuerpo pontobulbar
pontobulbar nucleus
pontobulbar body
corpo pontobulbare
Nucleus pontobulbaris
Corpus pontobulbare
nucleo pontobulbare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=775
N/A
arcuate nucleus
Nuclei arcuati
Nucleus arcuatus myelencephali
дугообразные ядра
arcuate nucleus-1
Nucleus arcuatus pyramidalis
núcleo arciforme
arcuate nucleus of the medulla
nukleus arkuat
arcuate nucleus (medulla)
Nucleus arciformis pyramidalis
nucleo arcuato del midollo allungato
medial arcuate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=776
N/A
nukleus supraspinal
núcleo supraespinal
Nucleus supraspinalis
supraspinal nucleus
Nucleus substantiae griseae ventralis
nucleus supraspinalis
nucleo sopraspinale
Nucleus substantiae grisea ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=777
N/A
medullary anterior horn
Cornu anterius medullaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778
N/A
medullary substance of medulla
Substantia alba myelenecephali
white matter of medulla
Substantia medullaris myelencephali
medullary white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=779
N/A
corpo iuxtarestiforme
juxtarestiform body
corpus juxtarestiforme
Corpus juxtarestiforme
badan jukstarestiforme
cuerpo yuxtarrestiforme
berkas medial pedunkel serebelar inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=780
N/A
tectospinal fibers
predorsal bundle
Fasciculus predorsalis
predorsal bundle of Edinger
Fasciculus praedorsalis (Tschermak)
predorsal fasciculus
tektospinale Fasern
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=781
N/A
inferior cerebellar peduncle
Pedunculus cerebellaris caudalis
pedúnculo cerebeloso inferior
inferior cerebellar peduncle (Ridley)
corpo restiforme
Crus cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam
unterer Kleinhirnstiel
peduncolo cerebellare inferiore
задние мозжечковые ножки
верёвчатое тело
Strickkörper
Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior
Corpus restiforme
pedunculus cerebellaris inferior
pedunkel serebelar inferior
korpus restiform
Crus medullo-cerebellare
restiform body
нижняя мозжечковая ножка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=782
N/A
zona di Lissauer
dorsolateral fasciculus of the medulla
traktus posterolateral Lissauer
Fasciculus dorsolateralis
fascículo de Lissauer
zone of Lissauer
tract of Lissauer
fascicolo dorsolaterale
posterolateral tract
fascicolo dorsolaterale di Lissauer
fascículo dorsolateral
posterolateral fasciculus
Lissauer's tract
zona de Lissauer
Zona Lissauer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=783
N/A
fascio longitudinale dorsale del midollo allungato
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla
Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (myelencephali)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=784
refers to the part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the medulla ( Martin-1997 ).
fasciolo longitudinale mediale del midollo allungato
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (myelencephali)
medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=785
N/A
tratto solitario
одиночный путь
solitary tract (Stilling)
solitary tract
tractus solitarius
Fasciculus solitarius
fascículo solitario
fascicolo solitario
Tractus solitarius
haz solitario
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=786
refers to the part of the tectospinal tract in the medulla ( Hanaway-1998 ).
tectospinal tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=787
N/A
medial lemniscus of medulla
medial lemniscus of the medulla
Lemniscus medialis (myelencephali)
lemnisco mediale del midollo allungato
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=788
N/A
sensory decussation
decussation of lemniscus
чувствительный перекрест
decussation of medial lemniscus
Decussatio lemniscorum medialium
перекрест медиальных петель
decussation of medial lemnisci
Decussatio lemniscorum
перекрёст петель
decussation of the medial lemniscus
medullary sensory decussation
decussazione del lemnisco mediale
Decussatio sensoria
decusación sensorial
decusación del lemnisco medial
decussation of lemnisci
Schleifenkreuzung
Decussatio lemnisci medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=789
refers to the part of the cuneate fasciculus in the medulla.
Fasciculus cuneatus (Burdachi)
fasciculo cuneato
cuneate fasciculus
клиновидный пучок (Бурдаха)
fascículo cuneiforme
cuneate fasciculus of medulla
cuneate fasciculus of the medulla
пучок Бурдаха
Fasciculus cuneatus (myelencephali)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=790
refers to the part of the gracile fasciculus in the medulla ( Martin-1997 ).
пучок Голля
gracile fascicle (Goll)
тонкий пучок (Голля)
gracile fasciculus
fasciculo gracile
fascículo delgado
gracile fasciculus of the medulla
gracile fasciculus of medulla
fasciculus dorsolateralis gracilis (Golli)
Fasciculus gracilis (myelencephali)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=791
N/A
spinal trigeminal tract of the medulla
spinal trigeminal tract of medulla
Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini (myelencephali)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=792
N/A
eleventh cranial nerve fibers
root of accessory nerve
XI. Hirnnerv
Fibrae nervi accessorius
волокна добавочного нерва
accessory nerve fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=793
N/A
glossopharyngeal nerve fibers
Fibrae nervi glossopharyngei
central part of glossopharyngeal nerve
ninth cranial nerve fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=794
N/A
vagal nerve fibers
central part of vagus nerve
tenth cranial nerve fibers
Fibrae nervi vagi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=795
N/A
Fibre arciformes olivares
Fibrae arcuatae internae
внутренние дугообразные волокна
fibras arciformes internas
arcuate fibers (medial lemniscus)
internal arcuate fibers
fibre arcuate interne
Fibre arciformes sensibiles
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=796
N/A
Fibrae arcuatae externae dorsales
dorsal superficial arcuate fibers
external arcuate fibers
dorsal external arcuate fibers
Fibrae arcuatae externae posteriores
fibre arcuate esteme
задние наружные дугообразные волокна
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=797
N/A
Fibre arcuatae superficiales
Fibrae arcuatae externae anteriores
Fibrae arcuatae externae ventrales
Fibrae circumpyramidales
ventral external arcuate fibers
передние наружные дуговые волокна
передние наружные дугообразные волокна
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=798
N/A
central part of hypoglossal nerve
hypoglossal nerve fibers
fibre della radice del N. XII
root of hypoglossal nerve
Fibrae nervi hypoglossi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=799
N/A
Pyramidenkreuzung
decussatio pyramidum
decusación corticoespinal
decussation of corticospinal tract
corticospinal decussation
dekusasi piramis
pyramidal decussation
decussazione delle piramidi
decusación de las pirámides bulbares
decussation of pyramidal tract fibers
Kreuzung der Pyramidenbahn
dekusasi traktus kortikospinal
моторный перекрест
motor decussation
pyramidal decussation (Pourfour du Petit)
Decussatio pyramidum
перекрест пирамид
decussation of the pyramidal tract
decussazione corticospinale
decussazione cortico-spinale
Decussatio motoria
decusación piramidal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=800
N/A
пирамидный путь
пирамидный пучок
pyramid (Willis)
Pyramidenbahn
tractus pyramidalis
Fasciculus pyramidalis
tractus pyramidal
Tractus pyramidalis
pyramidal tract
пирамидный тракт
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=801
refers to the short portion of fibers descending in the corticospinal tract that separate at the junction of the brain and the spinal cord to form the lateral corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lateral corticospinal tract of the medulla
Tractus corticospinalis lateralis
Tractus corticospinalis (pyramidalis) lateralis
lateral corticospinal tract
lateral pyramidal tract
латеральный корковоспинно-мозговой путь
латеральный пирамидный пучок
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=802
refers to the short portion of fibers descending in the corticospinal tract that separate at the junction of brain and spinal cord to form the anterior corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
traktus kortikospinal anterior
Tractus corticospinalis ventralis
anterior corticospinal tract of the medulla
anterior pyramidal tract
Tractus corticospinalis anterior
ventral corticospinal tract
anterior tract of Turck
передний корково-спинномозговой путь
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=803
N/A
cuneocerebellar tract
cuneocerebellar fibers
serabut kuneoserebelar
traktus kuneoserebelar
tratto cuneocerebellare
fibras cuneocerebelosas
Tractus cuneocerebelli
haz cuneocerebeloso
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=804
fibre olivocerebellari
оливомозжечковый путь
olivocerebellar fibers
Tractus olivocerebellaris
olivocerebellar tract
traktus olivoserebelar
Fibrae olivocerebellares
fibras olivocerebelosas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=805
refers to two fiber bundles that arise in the hindbrain and extend into the spinal cord, namely, the medial reticulospinal tract and the lateral reticulospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Tractus reticulospinalis
ретикуло-спинномозговой путь
reticulospinal pathways
fibras reticuloespinales
reticulospinal tracts
reticulospinal tract
traktus retikulospinal
tratti reticolospinali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=806
refers to a fiber bundle that originates in the caudal magnocellular part of the red nucleus, crosses to the contralateral side of the midbrain in the ventral tegmental decussation and descends in the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord ventral to the lateral corticospinal tract. It is composed of the rubrospinal tract of the midbrain, rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain and rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord.The description of this structure is based on studies in the rat, cat, and monkey ( Paxinos-2004 ). Clinical evidence for its existence in the human ( Terao-1996 ) has been challenged ( Kennedy-1997 ). A reference to it as 'retrospinal tract' in the header to Kennedy-1997 was apparently a labeling error.
traktus rubrospinal
rubrospinal tract (Monakow)
fibras rubroespinales
Tractus rubrospinalis
retrospinal tract
rubrospinal tract
красноядерно-спинномозговой путь
haz rubroespinal
tratto rubrospinale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=807
refers to the part of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract in the medulla ( Martin-1997 ).
dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=808
refers to one of two spinocerebellar tracts. It arises in the lower lumbar segments of the spinal cord and ascends in the contralateral lateral white column. In the medulla the tract projects into the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle and terminates in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum
( Carpenter-1983; Paxinos-2004 ). It includes the ventral spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord, the ventral spinocerebellar tract of the medulla and the ventral spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum. The other spinocerebellar tract is the dorsal spinocerebellar tract.
ventral spinocerebellar tract
передний спинно-мозжечковый путь
Gower's tract
traktus spinoserebelar anterior
tratto spinocerebellare anteriore
вентральный спинно-мозжечковый путь
haz espinocerebeloso anterior
anterior spinocerebellar tract
ventral spinocerebellar tract (Gowers)
пучок Говерса
Tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis
Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=809
refers to a number of pathways that originate in the spinal cord and ascend to the olivary nuclei. The anterior spino-olivary tract and the posterior spino-olivary tract are the best defined. Some authors report that the olivospinal tract is, in fact, composed of spino-olivary fibers ( Carpenter-1983; Brodal-1950 ).
tratto spinoolivare
tratto spino-olivare
fibras espinoolivares
spino-olivary tracts
traktus spinoolivar
haz espinoolivar
spino-olivary pathways
Tractus spino-olivaris
спинно-оливный путь
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=810
refers to the part of the spinothalamic tract in the medulla. It is formed by merger of the anterior spinothalamic tract of the medulla and the lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla (NeuroNames).
spinothalamic tract
tratto spinotalamico
spinothalamic tract of the medulla
spinothalamic tract of medulla
Tractus spinothalamicus (myelencephali)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=811
N/A
покрышечно-бульбарный путь
tectobulbar tract
Tractus tectobulbaris
proiezioni tettobulbari
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=812
refers to two fiber bundles: the lateral vestibulospinal tract and the medial vestibulospinal tract ( Crosby-1962; Paxinos-2004 ).
tratto vestibolospinale
преддверно-спинномозговой путь
haz vestibuloespinal
vestibulospinal pathway
vestibulospinal tracts
traktus vestibulospinal
vestibulospinal tract
Tractus vestibulospinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=813
N/A
fusiform white matter
Substantia medullaris fusiformis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=814
N/A
Substantia medullaris entorhinalis
entorhinal white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815
N/A
medullary substance of frontal lobe
frontal white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=816
refers to a convolution on the medial surface of the frontal lobe in the human ( Mai-1997 ). Defined on the basis of dissection and stains for Nissl substance, it is bounded ventrally by an unnamed groove that separates it from the inferior rostral gyrus. It is bounded superiorly by the cingulate sulcus, which separates it from the cingulate gyrus. It is not found in the macaque, where the comparable area dorsal to the rostral sulcus is occupied by the anterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures do not appear in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Gyrus rostralis superior
superior rostral gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=817
N/A
interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, pars interpolaris
spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar part
Nucleus of spinal tract of N. V (subnucleus interpolaris)
Nucleus interpolaris tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
parte interpolare del nucleo trigeminale spinale
parte interpolar del núcleo trigeminoespinal
interpolar part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, interpolar part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=818
N/A
habenulo-interpeduncular tract of midbrain
Tractus habenulo-interpeduncularis mesencephali
fasciculus retroflexus of the midbrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=819
refers to the part of occipital lobe white matter that is located beneath the occipital gyrus as defined by stains for Nissl substance or myelin in the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ).
occipital white matter
Substantia medullaris occipitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=820
N/A
superior cerebellar peduncle of the midbrain
Pedunculus cerebellaris superior (mesencephalon)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=821
N/A
Substantia medullaris cingulatus
cingulate white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=822
N/A
Substantia medullaris parahippocampalis
parahippocampal white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=823
refers to the central of three horizontal gyri located at the frontal pole of the human frontal lobe. Defined by gross dissection, they constitute the transverse frontopolar gyri. The other two are the superior frontopolar gyrus (human) and the inferior frontopolar gyrus ( Mai-1997 ).
middle frontopolar gyrus
medial transverse frontopolar gyrus
Gyrus frontopolaris transversus med.
middle frontopolar gyrus (human)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=824
N/A
middle frontal white matter
Substantia medullaris frontalis medius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=825
refers to the part of occipital lobe white matter that is located beneath the annectant gyrus as defined by stains for Nissl substance and myelin in the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ).
Substantia medullaris annectens
annectant white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=826
N/A
rectus white matter
Substantia medullaris rectus
straight white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=827
N/A
posterior parahippocampal white matter
Substantia medullaris parahippocampalis posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=828
refers to a branch of the inferior limiting sulcus that extends laterally from the insula into the inner surface of the superior temporal gyrus. It is a topological feature of the temporal lobe found in the macaque ( Mesulam-1984 ). It is not found in the human ( Ture-1999 ) or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).
lateral inferior limiting sulcus
Sulcus limitans inferior lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=829
N/A
inferior frontal white matter
Substantia medullaris frontalis inferioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=830
N/A
posterior spur of arcuate sulcus
spur of the arcuate sulcus (macaque)
Calcar sulci arcuati
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=831
refers to three horizontal gyri located at the frontal pole of the human frontal lobe.They include the superior frontopolar gyrus (human), the middle frontopolar gyrus and the inferior frontopolar gyrus ( Mai-1997 ).
transverse frontopolar gyrus
transverse frontopolar gyri (human)
поперечная глазничная извилина
gyrus orbitalis transversus
transverse polar gyri
Gyrus frontopolaris transversus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832
refers to the part of cerebral white matter that is located beneath the cortex of the occipital lobe as defined by stains for Nissl substance and myelin. In the macaque it includes the lingual white matter, cuneate white matter, inferior occipital white matter, annectant white matter and occipital white matter ( BrainInfo-2001 ).
Substantia medullaris lobus occipitalis
occipital lobe white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=833
N/A
superior cerebellar peduncle
superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons
Pedunculus cerebellaris superior (pontis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834
refers to a set of convolutions of the cerebral cortex that surround the corpus callosum and the junction of the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere with the interbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). Defined by dissection it includes most prominently the subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus.They largely obscure the less prominent archicortex, which follows the same arc intervening between them and the corpus callosum dorsally and the interbrain ventrally. The archicortex consists of the hippocampal formation, fasciola cinerea, supracallosal gyrus, and paraterminal gyrus. For more on alternate anatomical definitions, see limbic lobe (Anthoney); for more on the functional definition see limbic system.
lobo limbico
lobe limbique
grande lobe limbique of Broca
fornicate lobe
falciform lobe
limbic lobe
lobus limbik
извилина Арнольда
сводчатая извилина
lobus limbicus
lóbulo límbico
fornicate convolution
fornicate gyrus
Gyrus fornicatus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=835
N/A
Subnucleus rostralis
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part
Nucleus oralis tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
spinal trigeminal nucleus, oral part
oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
parte orale del nucleo trigeminale spinale
oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
parte oral del núcleo trigeminoespinal
Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, pars oralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=836
N/A
incisura anterior
anterior cerebellar incisure
incisura anteriore
incisura cerebellare anteriore
передняя бороздка мозжечка
incisura cerebelosa anterior
Incisura anterior cerebelli
передняя вырезка мозжечка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=837
N/A
Substantia medullaris limbicus
limbic white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=838
refers to a small dimple variably present on the dorsal surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is located anterior to the prearcuate notch (macaque) and the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ).
anterior superior frontal sulcus
sulcus frontalis superior anterior
polar notch
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=839
refers to a narrow layer of cells located lateral to the median raphe nucleus in the pontine reticular formation. It is found in the human ( Hornung-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat, Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
In the primate, but not the rodent, it contains a significant number of serotonin containing cells: B8 cell group dorsally; B9 cell group ventrally ( Felten-1983; Hornung-2012 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system, known there as the superior central nucleus raphe, lateral part ( Swanson-2004 ).
central superior nucleus of the raphe, lateral part
paramedian raphe
Nucleus raphe paramedianus
paramedian raphe nucleus
superior central nucleus raphe, lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=840
N/A
Substantia medullaris postcentralis
postcentral white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=841
N/A
fronto-orbital white matter
Substantia medullaris fronto-orbitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=842
refers to the most ventral of three horizontal gyri located at the frontal pole of the human frontal lobe. Defined by gross dissection, they constitute the transverse frontopolar gyri. The other two are the middle frontopolar gyrus and the superior frontopolar gyrus (human) ( Mai-1997 ).
inferior transverse frontopolar gyrus
inferior frontopolar gyrus (human)
Gyrus frontopolaris transversus inferior
inferior frontopolar gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=843
N/A
Substantia medullaris precuneatus
precuneate white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=844
N/A
parietal white matter
Substantia medullaris parietalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=846
N/A
anterior cingulate white matter
Substantia medullaris cinguli anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847
N/A
Substantia medullaris temporalis
temporal white matter
Substantia medullaris temporalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=848
N/A
terminal velum
Velum terminale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=849
N/A
angular white matter
Substantia medullaris angularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=850
N/A
body of the fourth ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=851
N/A
posterodorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex
Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars posterodorsalis
posterodorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=852
N/A
anterodorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body
anterodorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex
Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars anterodorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=854
refers to one of two parts of the nervous system defined on the basis of dissection. In vertebrates it is the part located within the cranial cavity and vertebral column. Classically it is divided into two parts: brain and spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is found in the human, macaque, rat, mouse and other mammals.
Functionally the CNS is divided into gray matter and white matter of the central nervous system ( Swanson-2004; see Functional CNS Model - Rat ). In both models the other part of the nervous system is the peripheral nervous system.
cerebrospinal axis
neuraxis
central nervous system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855
refers to the long cylindrical portion of the central nervous system that is encased in the spinal column. It is the link between the brain and most of the peripheral nervous system. The spinal cord and the brain together constitute the central nervous system ( Carpenter-1983 ).
спинной мозг
Medulla spinalis
sumsum tulang-belakang
spinal cord
Rückenmark
midollo spinale
Myelon
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=856
refers to an area of cerebral cortex that occupies the temporal pole in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it is proisocortex whose defining features are a predominance of the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) with faint demarcation between those layers, and "scarcely visible cells" in layer VI ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area Pro of Seltzer
polar proisocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=857
refers to the most caudal and dorsal of the five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer that is observable on the surface of the temporal lobe in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the middle temporal gyrus and extends into the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area TEm of Seltzer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=858
refers to the most rostral and ventral of five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the temporal lobe just caudal to area Pro of Seltzer, which occupies the temporal pole. It is similar to area Pro in many respects but differs in that it has an internal granular layer (IV) that is distinct from the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area TE1 of Seltzer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=859
refers to the middle of five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the temporal lobe below the superior temporal sulcus just caudal to area TE2 of Seltzer ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area TE3 of Seltzer-1978
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=860
refers to the innermost of three narrow, parallel cortical areas that line the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. The others are area TAa of Seltzer and area TPO of Seltzer. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture area PGa is narrower anteriorly and wider posteriorly. It is relatively thin with a broad external granular layer (II); the other layers are not prominent, and the cells of the multiform layer (VI) cluster in a characteristic manner. "These cellular features of area PGa contrast sharply with those of the adjacent [area PG of Bonin] of the inferior parietal lobule." The two zones also differ in that PGa is better myelinated both with respect to the bands of Baillarger and vertical fibers, particularly in the more anterior portion ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area PGa of Seltzer-1978
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=861
refers to one of three narrow parallel cortical areas that line the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. The others are area TAa of Seltzer and area PGa of Seltzer. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture area TPO lies "medial to area TAa [area TEa of Seltzer] and occupying the crest of a small secondary gyrus." LIke area TAa it begins near the anterior tip of the central sulcus and runs posteriorly. The external pyramidal layer (III) is broad with a distinct sublayer IIIc. The internal granular layer (IV) is well developed, though "non-columnar". The cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V) are less prominent and those of the multiform layer are fewer giving the impression of a wider space between layers V and VI. The inner band of Baillarger is "scarcely visible", but vertical myelinated fibers are well developed ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area TPO of Seltzer-1978
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=862
refers to one of five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the part of the middle temporal gyrus that forms the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area TEa of Seltzer-1978
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=863
refers to the second most rostral and ventral of five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the temporal lobe below the superior temporal sulcus just caudal to area TE1 of Seltzer ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area TE2 of Seltzer-1978
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=864
refers an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. Seltzer and Pandya (1978), regarding it as the same in location and architecture as area TE of Bonin, and the same as the combined area 20 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 21 of Brodmann (guenon), subdivided it into five areas. In sequence from the temporal pole caudally (on the surface of middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus) and into the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus they are: area TE1 of Seltzer, area TE2 of Seltzer, area TE3 of Seltzer, area TEm of Seltzer, and area TEa of Seltzer. Several trends of change in architecture across the first four areas in the sequence (TE1 - TEm) give rise to their distinguishing features: a trend toward greater development of the supragranular layers, more prominent pyramidal cells in sublayer IIIc of the external pyramidal layer (III), a better development of the internal granular layer (IV) and the multiform layer (VI). The myeloarchitecture of the first four areas follows a comparable progression from poor myelination in TE1 to development of distinct bands of Baillarger. Area TEa is similar to TEm except that layer IV is less prominent and a prominent outer band of Baillarger is separated from a deeper plexus of myelination by a "small, but discrete, zone that fails to stain for myelin" ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area TE of Seltzer-1978
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=865
refers to a cortical area located in the portion of the superior temporal gyrus that is hidden in the wall of the lateral fissure in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it lies between the auditory cortex and the insula. "Like other cortical areas adjoining limbic structures [it] shows low differentiation, as expressed by very low myelination", low density of granule cells and high cellular density in the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) ( Pandya-1973 ).
area paI of Pandya-1973
parinsular stripe area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=866
refers to a one of two areas of granulous cortex in the portion of the superior temporal gyrus that is hidden in the wall of the lateral fissure in the macaque. The other is area Kam of Pandya. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, the areas are regarded functionally as auditory cortex. Both areas are distinguished by the density of the external granular layer (II), the external pyramidal layer (III), and the internal granular layer (IV), the light internal pyramidal layer (V) and the dense multiform layer (VI). Area Kam occupies "the lateral slope of a small hill of the [temporal operculum]... area Kalt occupies a flat dimple lateral to Kam." Myeloarchitectonic differences between the two areas are more pronounced ( Pandya-1973 ). See also planum temporale.
area Kalt of Pandya-1973
lateral koniocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=867
refers to a one of two areas of granulous cortex in the portion of the superior temporal gyrus that is hidden in the wall of the lateral fissure in the macaque. The other is area Kalt of Pandya. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, the areas are regarded functionally as auditory cortex. Both areas are distinguished by the density of the external granular layer (II), the external pyramidal layer (III), and the internal granular layer (IV), the light internal pyramidal layer (V) and the dense multiform layer (VI). Area Kam occupies "the lateral slope of a small hill of the [temporal operculum]... area Kalt occupies a flat dimple lateral to Kam." Myeloarchitectonic differences between the two areas are more pronounced ( Pandya-1973 ). See also planum temporale.
area Kam of Pandya-1973
medial koniocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=868
refers to one of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core in the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque (area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya) defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. The others are area paAc of Pandya, area paAlt of Pandya, and area proA of Pandya. The most rostral of the four, it is most similar to the granulous core. It differs primarily in a reduced cell density of the outer layers, somewhat larger pyramidal cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is not as light. Functionally the areas are considered auditory cortex (Pandya-1973).
area paAr of Pandya-1973
rostral parakoniocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=869
refers to one of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core in the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque (area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya) defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. The others are area paAc of Pandya, area paAlt of Pandya, and area paAr of Pandya. Area proA lies medial to the core granulous area, between it and the insula. It differs from the granulous core in reduced cell density of the outer layers, less clear cut granule cells in the internal granular layer (IV), and a lighter internal pyramidal layer (V) compared to a dense multiform layer (VI). Functionally the areas are considered auditory cortex ( Pandya-1973 ).
area proA of Pandya-1973
prokoniocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=870
refers to the most anterior of the three superior temporal isocortical areas defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. Granule cells are prominent in the outer layers; the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) are very poorly differentiated; and myelination is not prominent with only the outer band of Baillarger apparent ( Pandya-1973 ).
temporalis superior 1
area Ts1 of Pandya-1973
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=871
refers to one of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core in the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque (area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya) defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. The others are area paAc of Pandya, area paAr of Pandya, and area proA of Pandya. The largest of the four, it is "the most typical" due to the size of pyramidal cells deep in the external pyramidal layer (III). Pyramidal cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V) are moderately large. Myeloarchitectonic differences are also prominent. Functionally the areas are regarded as auditory cortex ( Pandya-1973 ).
lateral parakoniocortex
area paAlt of Pandya-1973
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=872
refers to one of two components of the auditory region in the superior temporal gyrus; the other component is the belt of the auditory region. It is a composite structure consisting of two cytomyeloarchitecturally defined cortical areas in the superior temporal gyrus of the rhesus macaque: area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya ( Pandya-1973 ).
koniocortex core of the auditory region
core of the auditory region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=873
refers to three of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core of the auditory region in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture they include area paAlt of Pandya, area paAr of Pandya and area paAc of Pandya ( Pandya-1973 ).
parakoniocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=874
refers to a cortical area located in the portion of the superior temporal gyrus in the depth of the lateral fissure at the caudal extreme of the insula in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it lies between the auditory cortex and the parietal lobe. It differs from the adjacent auditory cortex, area proA of Pandya and area paAc of Pandya in that the cellularity of the external pyramidal layer (III) is "coarser" with larger pyramidal cells deep in the layer, the internal granular layer (IV) is less prominent, and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is denser with medium-sized pyramidal cells. Cellularity in the multiform layer (VI) is as dense as in area paAc. Area reIt is moderately myelinated ( Pandya-1973 ).
area reIt of Pandya-1973
retroinsular temporal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=875
refers to a cortical area located in the portion of the parietal lobe in the depth of the lateral fissure adjacent to area reIt of Pandya of the superior temporal gyrus in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it differs from area reIt in that it stains less intensely overall, the medium sized pyramidal cells at the deep border of the external pyramidal layer (III) are denser, the internal granular layer (IV) is "a little wider" with a greater density of granule cells and the myelin density is somewhat less ( Pandya-1973 ).
area reIpt of Pandya-1973
retroinsular parietal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=876
refers to a parcellation of the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque into 13 areas on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture ( Pandya-1973 ). For a listing of the areas, Search by Name for 'area of Pandya'.
cortical areas of Pandya-1973
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=877
refers to one of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core (area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya) in the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. The others are area paAlt of Pandya, area paAr of Pandya, and area proA of Pandya. The most caudal of the four, it occupies the posterior end of the temporal operculum. It differs from Kalt in that a "small fringe" of larger pyramidal cells is seen deep in the external pyramidal layer (III), cell density is not as great in the outer layers and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is not as light. Functionally the areas are regarded as auditory cortex ( Pandya-1973 ).
caudal parakoniocortex
area paAc of Pandya-1973
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=878
refers to three cortical areas located in the anterior half of the superior temporal gyrus between the piriform area anteriorly and the auditory cortex posteriorly in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, they are, in order from anterior to posterior, area Ts1 of Pandya, area Ts2 of Pandya and area Ts3 of Pandya ( Pandya-1973 ).
superior temporal isocortical areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=879
refers to a cortical area located at the caudal extreme of the superior temporal gyrus and continues into the bank of the bounding lateral fissure in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it forms the caudolateral boundary of the auditory cortex. It differs from the adjacent auditory area, area Kalt of Pandya, in that the cell density in the outer layers is not as great and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is not as light. Myelination is moderate ( Pandya-1973 ).
area Tpt of Pandya-1973
temperoparietal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=880
refers to the middle of the three superior temporal isocortical areas defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. Its internal structure is intermediate between that of area Ts1 of Pandya and area Ts3 of Pandya. Trends that characterize the transition from Ts1 through Ts2 to Ts3 are an increase in the prominence of granule cells, increasing differentiation between the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI), a general increase in myelination, and emergence of the inner band of Baillarger ( Pandya-1973 ).
area Ts2 of Pandya-1973
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=881
refers to the most posterior of the three superior temporal isocortical areas defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. Its internal structure reflects, in more pronounced form, trends that begin in area Ts1 of Pandya and develop through area Ts2 of Pandya to Ts3. These trends include an increase in the prominence of granule cells, increasing differentiation between the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI), a general increase in myelination, and emergence of the inner band of Baillarger. Area Ts3 also exhibits some features transitional to adjacent, more posterior and medial, areas of the auditory cortex ( Pandya-1973 ).
area Ts3 of Pandya-1973
temporalis superior 3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=882
refers to the most external of three narrow, parallel cortical areas that line the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. The others are area TPO of Seltzer and area PGa of Seltzer. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture Area TAa is regarded as related to area TA of Bonin but distinct from the area on the surface of the superior temporal gyrus labeled TA, distinct from area Ts3 of Pandya and from area Tpt of Pandya. It differs from those areas by a predominance of supragranular layers, a prominent sublayer IIIc of the external pyramidal layer (III) and sublayer Va of the internal pyramidal layer (V) and a clear boundary between layer V and the multiform layer (VI). It differs from Ts3 in particular by lighter myelination in the bands of Baillarger and less dense vertical fibers ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area TAa of Seltzer-1978
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=883
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the portion of the precentral gyrus whose surface constitutes the precentral operculum in the guenon. A footnote indicated that area 30 was correctly depicted in the cortical map but was incorrectly labeled "31" ( Mauss-1908 ). It is labeled "30" in BrainInfo. Brodmann regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 43 of Brodmann (guenon) (Brodmann-1909). The Vogts found no distinctive architectonic area of corresponding location in the guenon ( Vogts-1919 ).
Area opercularis
area 30 of Mauss-1908
Typus 30
area 31 of Mauss-1908
Mauss's area 30
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=884
refers to a subdivision of the postcentral gyrus of the macaque and the guenon defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 1 of Mauss-1908
Area postcentralis intermedia
Mauss's area 1
Typus 1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=885
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 10 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Area orbitalis lateralis
Typus 10
area 10 of Mauss-1908
Mauss's area 10
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=886
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 11 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 11 of Mauss-1908
Mauss's area 11
Area orbitalis intermedia
Typus 11
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=887
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 12 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Typus 12
area 12 of Mauss-1908
Mauss's area 12
Area orbitalis medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=888
refers to a subdivision of the insula of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as homologous to the cytoarchitecturally defined area 13 of Brodmann ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 13 of Mauss-1908
Area insularis posterior
Typus 13
Mauss's area 13
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=889
refers to a subdivision of the insula of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as homologous to the cytoarchitecturally defined area 14 of Brodmann ( Mauss-1908 ).
Area insularis anterior
Mauss's area 14
area 14 of Mauss-1908
Typus 14
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=890
is located primarily in the insula with partial extension to the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as homologous to area 15 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Typus 15
Area operculo-insularis
Mauss's area 15
area 15 of Mauss-1908
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=891
refers to a subdivision of the occipital lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to area 17 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 17 of Mauss-1908
Typus 17
Mauss's area 17
Area striata
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=892
refers to a subdivision of the occipital lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 18 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 18 of Mauss-1908
Area occipitalis
Mauss's area 18
Typus 18
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=893
refers to a cortical area that occupies predominantly the angular gyrus of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 19 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 19 of Mauss
Mauss's area 19
Area praeoccipitalis
area 19 of Mauss-1908
Typus 19
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=894
is located primarily in the postcentral gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. It is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture; Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ). Authors von Bonin and Bailey disputed the existence of area 2 which they sought unsuccessfully to identify in the macaque as area PD of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).
Mauss's area 2
area 2 of Mauss-1908
Typus 2
Area postcentralis caudalis
area 2 of Mauss
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=895
refers to a subdivision of the temporal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 20 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 20 of Mauss-1908
Mauss's area 20
Typus 20
Area temporalis inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=896
refers to a subdivision of the temporal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 22 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Mauss's area 22
Typus 22
area 22 of Mauss-1908
Area temporalis superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=897
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 23 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Area limbica posterior
Mauss's area 23
Typus 23
area 23 of Mauss-1908
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=898
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 24 of Mauss-1908
Area limbica anterior
Mauss's area 24
Typus 24
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=899
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 26 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Mauss's area 26
Area ectosplenialis
area 26 of Mauss-1908
Typus 26
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=900
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture located primarily in the presubiculum of the macaque and the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 27 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Mauss's area 27
Area praesubicularis
area 27 of Mauss-1908
Typus 27
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=901
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture located primarily in the entorhinal area of the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 28 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Typus 28
area 28 of Mauss-1908
Mauss's area 28
Area entorhinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=902
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the parahippocampal gyrus and lingual gyrus of the guenon ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 29 of Mauss
Mauss's area 29
Typus 29
Area hippocampica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=903
refers to a subdivision of the postcentral gyrus of the macaque and the guenon defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 3 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Typus 3
Area postcentralis oralis
area 3 of Mauss
Mauss's area 3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=904
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the guenon. Mauss noted that, while much of the area coincides with area 32 of Brodmann (guenon) (numbered 25 at the time Mauss wrote), he was sufficiently doubtful as to the relationship to give the myeloarchitectonic area a different number. A footnote also indicates that area 30 of Mauss in the lateral cortical view was incorrectly labeled "31" ( Mauss-1908 ). (The latter is correctly labeled "30" in BrainInfo).
Typus 31
area 31 of Mauss
Mauss's area 31
Area praelimbica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=905
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. It forms a narrow band between area 24 of Mauss and the corpus callosum ( Mauss-1908 ).
Mauss's area 32
Area praegenualis
area 32 of Mauss
Typus 32
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=906
refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the guenon. It is located between area 24 of Mauss and the rostrum of the corpus callosum and lamina terminalis ( Mauss-1908 ).
Area praeterminalis
area 33 of Mauss
Typus 33
Mauss's area 33
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=907
refers to a subdivision of the precentral gyrus of the macaque and the guenon defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Area praecentralis
area 4 of Mauss
Mauss's area 4
Typus 4
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=908
refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 5 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Mauss's area 5
Area praeparietalis
Typus 5
area 5 of Mauss
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=909
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Area frontalis caudalis
Typus 6
area 6 of Mauss
Mauss's area 6
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=910
refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 7 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Area parietalis
area 7 of Mauss
Mauss's area 7
Typus 7
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=911
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 8 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Mauss's area 8
Typus 8
Area frontalis intermedia
area 8 of Mauss
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=912
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
Typus 9
Area frontalis oralis
area 9 of Mauss
Mauss's area 9
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=913
refers to segmentation of the cerebral cortex on the basis of myeloarchitecture as described by Mauss in 1908. The legend to the summary map in Mauss-1908 attributes the areas simply to Cercopithecus. He studied, however, representatives of three monkey species including one guenon (Cercopithecus) and two macaques (Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta). Furthermore, most of the pen and ink drawings of the internal structure of various areas, which he credited to one Fraeulein Schellbach, were based on Macaca mulatta. Mauss referenced the areas by names and numbers corresponding to the labels assigned by Brodmann to topologically similar areas, which Brodmann had defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture ( Brodmann-1905 ). Like Brodmann, Mauss mapped a portion of areas hidden in the banks of sulci, e.g., area 3 of Mauss, onto the adjacent, visible surface. Thus, some areas appear larger on his surface map than on maps by other authors, e.g., area 3 of Vogts.
cortical areas of Mauss
Mauss's areas
cortical maps of Mauss
Mauss's cortical areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=914
refers to a subdivision of the temporal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 21 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).
area 21 of Mauss
Mauss's area 21
Area temporalis media
Typus 21
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=915
refers to the piriform area and three adjacent areas that form an architectonic unit in the primate cerebral cortex surrounding the rostroventral end of the limbic lobe. The sequences of areas, which radiate from the piriform area at the limen insula, include: 1) the agranular insula, dysgranular insula and granular insula; 2) a similar sequence of agranular, dysgranular and granular areas that extend into the orbital gyri; and 3) a comparable sequence extending into the temporopolar region ( Mesulam-1984 ).
insulo-orbito-temporopolar complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=916
refers to a subdivision of area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of four parts of area 9. The others are area 9a of Vogts, area 9b of Vogts and area 9d of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 9c of Vogts
Feld 9c
Area 9c
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=917
refers to a subdivision of area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) in the guenon based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of four parts of area 9. The others are area 9a of Vogts, area 9b of Vogts and area 9c of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 9d
area 9d of Vogts
Area 9d
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=918
refers to one of two parts of area 19 of Vogts based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture in the guenon. The authors did not regard it as topologically or architectonically homologous to area 19 of Mauss or to area 19 of Brodmann (guenon). The other part is area 19a of Vogts from which it differs in that area 19b has fewer large pyramidal cells in layer III and fewer granular cells in layer IV ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 19b of Vogts
Area 19b
Feld 19b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=919
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex of the guenon that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. The authors regarded it as topologically different from area 21 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 21 of Mauss on the basis that they found an area 19b of Vogts in a location that had been included in areas 21 of Brodmann and Mauss ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 21
Area 21
area 21 of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=920
refers to one of two subdivisions of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarechitecture. The other is area 6a of Vogts. They differ in that, whereas area 6a is agranular, i.e., lacks an internal granular layer (IV), area 6b is dysgranular. Each is further subdivided into two subareas which, for area 6b, are area 6b alpha of Vogts and area 6b beta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 6b
area 6b of Vogts
Area 6b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=921
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). It and area 6a beta of Vogts constitute area 6a of Vogts. The alpha subarea is located more caudally, the beta subarea more rostrally. Areas 6a alpha and beta differ in that in area 6a beta the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex (I) and the zone extending from the third sublayer of the external pyramidal layer (III) through the internal pyramidal layer (V) are narrower, and the differentiation of layer V into a cell-rich sublayer Va and cell-poor layer (Vb) is clearer ( Vogts-1919 ). See also SMA proper.
Area 6a alpha
Feld 6a alpha
area 6a alpha of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=922
refers to a subdivision of area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of four parts of area 9. The others are area 9a of Vogts, area 9c of Vogts and area 9d of Vogts. Its caudal boundary is incompletely defined in the illustration of Vogts' areas ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 9b
Area 9b
area 9b of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=923
refers to a subdivision of area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of four parts of area 9. The others are area 9b of Vogts, area 9c of Vogts and area 9d of Vogts. Its rostral boundary is not completely delineated in the cortical diagram of Vogts' areas. In contrast to area 4a of Vogts, area 9a is thin, has a lightly developed internal granular layer (IV), and has an internal pyramidal layer (V) in which the sublayer Va is narrower and the sublayer Vb wider ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 9a of Vogts
Feld 9a
Area 9a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=924
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). It and area 6b beta of Vogts constitute area 6b of Vogts. Area 6b alpha differs from area 6a alpha of Vogts in that in 6b alpha the external pyramidal layer (III), while narrower, contains a number of pyramidal cells; a small internal granular layer (IV) is present; the internal pyramidal layer (V) is well differentiated into a cell-rich sublayer (Va) and a cell-poor sublayer (Vb); and the VIa sublayer of the multiform layer (VI) is narrower. Area 6b beta differs from 6b alpha in that the internal granular layer (IV) is wider and more cellular, and in the internal pyramidal layer (V) the cellular sublayer (Va) is narrower while the acellular sublayer (Vb) is wider. Area 6b alpha forms the rostral boundary of area 3a of Vogts. It differs from 3a in that layer III is wider; layer IV is substantially narrower with larger cells; sublayer Va is more densely populated and sublayer Vb less densely populated; and, in layer VI, sublayer VIa has fewer cells and sublayer VIb is wider with a less distinct transition to the subcortical white matter ( Vogts-1919 ).
Area 6b alpha
Feld 6b alpha
area 6b alpha of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=925
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). It and area 6b alpha of Vogts constitute area 6b of Vogts. Area 6b beta differs from 6b alpha in that the internal granular layer (IV) is wider and more cellular, and in the internal pyramidal layer (V) the cellular sublayer (Va) is narrower while the acellular sublayer (Vb) is wider ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 6b beta of Vogts
Area 6b beta
Feld 6b beta
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=926
refers to one of three parts of area 22a of Vogts distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture in the guenon. It differs from area 22a beta of Vogts and area 22a gamma of Vogts in that layer III is narrowest here ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 22a alpha of Vogts
Area 22a alpha
Feld 22a alpha
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=927
refers to one of two divisions of area 7 of Brodmann (guenon) based on myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture. The other is area 7b of Vogts. They differ in that area 7b has larger pyramidal cells in a wider layer III, a more distinct sublayer Va and a wider layer VI than area 7a ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 7a of Vogts
Feld 7a
Area 7a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=928
refers to one of three parts of area 22a of Vogts defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture in the guenon. It differs from area 22a alpha of Vogts in that layer III is wider; it differs from area 22a gamma of Vogts in that layer III is wider and layer IV is wider and more cellular than in area 22a gamma ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 22a beta of Vogts
Feld 22a beta
Area 22a beta
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=929
refers to one of three parts of area 22a of Vogts defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture in the guenon. It differs from area 22a alpha of Vogts and area 22a beta of Vogts in that its layer III is widest and its layer IV is thinner and less cellular than in the other two parts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 22a gamma
area 22a gamma of Vogts
Area 22a gamma
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=930
refers to a subdivision of area 10 of Brodmann (guenon). Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture it is the part of area 10 located rostral to area 8 gamma of Vogts. It differs from area 8 gamma in that the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is narrower, the internal granular layer (IV) is narrower and less cellular, the internal pyramidal layer (V) is wider with a less dense distribution of nerve cells and a more distinct division into sublayers: a narrower more densely populated Va and a wider less densely populated Vb. The multiform layer (VI) has fewer cells. The rostral boundary of area 10a was ambiguous in the map of the Vogts' areas ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 10a
Area 10a
area 10a of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=931
refers to a subdivision of area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of three parts of area 4. The others are area 4b of Vogts and area 4c of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 4a of Vogts
Feld 4a
Area 4a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=932
refers to a subdivision of area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of three parts of area 4. The others are area 4a of Vogts and area 4c of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Area 4b
area 4b of Vogts
Feld 4b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=933
refers to a subdivision of area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of three parts of area 4. The others are area 4a of Vogts and area 4b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 4c
area 4c of Vogts
Area 4c
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=934
refers to a subdivision of area 8 of Brodmann (guenon). It is one of 4 parts of area 8 that differ in cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It differs from area 8 beta of Vogts in that the external granular layer (II), the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal granular layer (IV) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) are all narrower. Layer V, particularly the sublayer b, is dominated by large pyramidal cells. Sublayer b of the multiform layer (VI) is very wide and its boundary with the subcortical white matter is not distinct. The other subdivisions of area 8 are area 8 beta of Vogts, area 8 gamma of Vogts, and area 8 delta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 8 alpha
area 8 alpha of Vogts
Area 8 alpha
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=935
refers to a subdivision of area 8 of Brodmann (guenon). It is one of 4 parts of area 8 that differ in cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It differs from area 8 gamma of Vogts in that the external pyramidal layer (III) is narrower, the cell density of the internal granular layer (IV) is less, and the cellular sublayer of the internal pyramidal layer (V) is narrower, less cellular and less distinct. The other subdivisions of area 8 are area 8 alpha of Vogts, area 8 gamma of Vogts, and area 8 delta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 8 beta
Area 8 beta
area 8 beta of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=936
refers to a subdivision of area 8 of Brodmann (guenon). It is one of 4 parts of area 8 that differ in cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It differs from area 8 alpha of Vogts in that the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal granular layer (IV) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) are clearly wider. The other subdivisions of area 8 are area 8 alpha of Vogts, area 8 beta of Vogts, and area 8 gamma of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Area 8 delta
Feld 8 delta
area 8 delta of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=937
refers to a subdivision of area 8 of Brodmann (guenon) identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It differs from neighboring area 10a of Vogts in that area 10a has a narrower layer I, a narrower less cellular layer IV, a more distinct division of layer V into a narrower, more cellular sublayer Va and a wider, less cellular sublayer Vb, and a distinctly less cellular layer VI. Area 8 gamma is one of 4 parts of area 8. The others are area 8 alpha of Vogts, area 8 beta of Vogts, and area 8 delta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 8 gamma
Area 8 gamma
area 8 gamma of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=938
refers to one of two parts of area 19 of Vogts based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture in the guenon. The authors regarded it as topologically homologous to area 19 of Mauss , but not to area 19 of Brodmann (guenon). The other part is area 19b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 19a
Area 19a
area 19a of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=939
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex of the guenon that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is divided into three parts: area 22a alpha of Vogts, area 22a beta of Vogts and area 22a gamma of Vogts. The authors regarded it as topologically homologous to area 22 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 22 of Mauss. They did not define an area 22b ( Vogts-1919 ).
Area 22a
area 22a of Vogts
Feld 22a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=940
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the guenon; it is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. The Vogts regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). They divided it into two divisions, area 6a of Vogts and area 6b of Vogts, each of which was further subdivided into an alpha and a beta subdivision ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 6
area 6 of Vogts
Area 6
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=941
refers to one of two cytoarchitecturally defined subdivisions of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). The other is area 6b of Vogts. They differ in that, whereas area 6a is agranular, i.e., lacks an internal granular layer (IV), area 6b is dysgranular. Each is further subdivided into two subareas which, for area 6a, are area 6a alpha of Vogts and area 6a beta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 6a
area 6a of Vogts
Area 6a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=942
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). It and area 6a alpha of Vogts constitute area 6a of Vogts. The alpha subarea is more caudal; the beta subarea more rostral. Areas 6a alpha and beta differ in that in area 6a beta the molecular layer (I) and the zone extending from the third sublayer of the external pyramidal layer (III) through the internal pyramidal layer (V) are narrower, and the differentiation of layer V into a cell-rich sublayer (Va) and a cell-poor sublayer (Vb) is clearer ( Vogts-1919 ). See also preSMA.
Feld 6a beta
area 6a beta of Vogts
Area 6a beta
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=943
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. The authors regarded it as the same as area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 1 of Vogts
Area 1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=944
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. The authors regarded it as the same as area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ). Authors von Bonin and Bailey disputed the existence of area 2, which they sought unsuccessfully to identify in the macaque as area PD of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).
area 2 of Vogts
Area 2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=945
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex originally defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It is located deep on the posterior wall and fundus of the central sulcus. It only emerges on the cortical surface at the lower end of the sulcus. It represents a portion of area 3 of Brodmann (guenon) that Brodmann regarded as transitional to area 4 of Brodmann (guenon). The Vogts distinguished it as one of two subdivisions of area 3. The other was area 3b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ). 'Area 3a' continues to be the most common name for the structure. It is now recognized as differing from 3b not only in architecture but by its input, which comes primarily from muscle receptors, its output rostrally to motor cortex as well as caudally to area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) and its more direct involvement in motor function than 3b. Functionally it is a subdivision of the somatosensory cortex. It is considered to be equivalent to area 3a in the human and the macaque ( Kaas-2004 ).
Area 3a
area 3a of Vogts
area PA of Economo
Feld 3a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=946
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex originally defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It represented the portion of area 3 of Brodmann (guenon) that Brodmann regarded as transitional to area 4 of Brodmann (guenon). The Vogts distinguished it as one of two subdivisions of area 3. The other was area 3a of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ). 'Area 3b' continues to be the most common name for the structure. It is now recognized as differing from 3a not only in architecture but by its input, which comes primarily from skin receptors, its output caudally and reciprocally to area 1 of Brodmann ( guenon ), area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) and the second somatosensory area and its more direct involvement in sensory functions than 3a. Functionally it is a subdivision of the somatosensory cortex. It is considered equivalent to area 3b in the human and the macaque ( Kaas-2004 ).
area 3bS-I proper
Feld 3b
area PB of Economo
Area 3b
area 3b of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=947
refers to a subdivision of area 5 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of two parts of area 5. The other is area 5b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Area 5a
area 5a of Vogts
Feld 5a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=948
refers to a subdivision of area 5 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of two parts of area 5. The other is area 5a of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 5b
area 5b of Vogts
Area 5b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=949
refers to one of two divisions of area 7 of Brodmann (guenon) based on myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture. The other is area 7a of Vogts. They differ in that area 7b has larger pyramidal cells in a wider external pyramidal layer (III), a more distinct sublayer Va of the internal pyramidal layer (V) and a wider multiform layer (VI) than area 7a ( Vogts-1919 ).
Area 7b
Feld 7b
area 7b of Vogts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=950
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of two subdivisions, area 3a of Vogts and area 3b of Vogts. The authors regarded it as cytoarchitecturally and myeloarchitecturally the same as area 3 of Brodmann (guenon), though Brodmann drew it on the surface of the postcentral gyrus rather than in the caudal bank of the central sulcus ( Vogts-1919 ).
Feld 3
area 3 of Vogts
Area 3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=951
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of three subdivisions, area 4a of Vogts, area 4b of Vogts and area 4c of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 4 of Vogts
Feld 4
Area 4
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of four subdivisions, area 9a of Vogts, area 9b of Vogts, area 9c of Vogts, and area 9d of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 9 of Vogts
Feld 9
Area 9
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=953
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of two subdivisions, area 7a of Vogts and area 7b of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 7 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).
Area 7
area 7 of Vogts
Feld 7
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954
refers to a classification of human cerebral cortex into more than 200 subdivisions based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture by Cecile and Oskar Vogt ( Carpenter-1983 ). It also refers to a classification of lateral and dorsal cortical areas of the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe and the lateral temporal lobe of the guenon (Cercopithecus) into some 36 areas ( Vogts-1919 ). Cecile and Oskar Vogt worked in the same institute as Brodmann and Mauss ( Brodmann-1905, Brodmann-1909, Mauss-1908 ). Their classification scheme for cortical areas in the guenon was an extension of the segmentations produced by those authors. While the maps of Brodmann and Mauss were based on three brain specimens each, the Vogts' study included some 100 specimens. Their illustration of cortical areas differed from those of Brodmann in that they subdivided many of Brodmann's areas, they did not draw boundaries hidden in sulci on the surface of the brain, and their report included an extensive description of the character of the transitions from one cortical area to another.
Vogts' areas
cortical areas of the Vogts
cortical maps of the Vogts
Vogts' cortical areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=955
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of two subdivisions, area 5a of Vogts and area 5b of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 5 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 5 of Vogts
Feld 5
Area 5
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=956
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of four subdivisions, area 8 alpha of Vogts, area 8 beta of Vogts, area 8 gamma of Vogts, and area 8 delta of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 8 of Brodmann (guenon) but topologically different from area 8 of Mauss ( Vogts-1919 ). Its equivalent in the macaque is area 8A; the map by the Vogts has no equivalent to area 8B in the macaque.
area 8 of Vogts
Feld 8
Area 8
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=957
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is composed of two divisions, area 19a of Vogts and area 19b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).
area 19 of Vogts
Feld 19
Area 19
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=958
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the rat and mouse. A subdivision of orbital areas (rodent), it is located between the medial orbital area and the lateral orbital area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001; Hof-2000 ). In the rat, it neighbors the ventrolateral orbital area as well ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral orbital area
ventral orbital cortex
ORBvl
orbital area ventral part
orbital area, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=959
refers to a portion of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. It is composed of area 8A of Walker and area 8B of Walker, both of which have a "faint but definite granular layer." Area 8B is further distinguished by "fairly large pyramidal cells in the fifth layer." Electrical stimulation of either component elicits eye movements. Walker regarded it as cytoarchitecturally and functionally homologous to area 8 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 8 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=960
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is "narrow cortex with a well-developed [internal granular layer] and medium-sized pyramidal cells in the outer part of the fifth layer. The remainder of the fifth and sixth layers are poorly developed." Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the area 10 of Brodmann (human); he did not regard it as a cytoarchitectural homologue of area 10 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 10 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=961
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The third layer contains small, evenly arranged cells. In the fifth layer there is a "heaping up" of medium-sized pyramidal cells. The fourth layer, internal granular layer, is well-defined, an observation which Walker cites as contrary to the description of cortex in the corresponding location in the guenon (Cercopithecus; Brodmann-1905). Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitecural homologue in the human to be area 11 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 11 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=962
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The first layer is wide, and the second and third layers are as wide or wider than the fifth and sixth layers. The third layer contains sparse, small pyramidal cells. The fourth layer, internal granular layer, is well developed and adjoins a layer of medium-sized pyramidal cells in the outer part of layer five. Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be the middle frontal area 46 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 46 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=963
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe in the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is characterized by a thin third layer, a "feeble" fourth, internal granular layer, and thick undifferentiated fifth and sixth layers. Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be area 12 of Brodmann (human); he did not regard it has homologous to area 12 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 12 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=964
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Compared to area 11 of Walker, it is a "fairly wide cortex" with a fainter fourth layer, internal granular layer, and "more loosely arranged" cells. Compared to area 12 of Walker, the fifth and sixth layers are wider. Walker did not recognize a cytoarchitectural homologue in the human as defined in Brodmann-1909 ( Walker-1940 ).
area 13 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=965
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is a somewhat heterogeneous area that differs from area 46 of Walker by an absence of radial striations, a narrower internal granular layer, and a less orderly arrangement of cells. On the surface facing the longitudinal fissure, the cortex is thinner and cells in the third layer are smaller than in area 46 of Walker. Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 9 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=966
refers to the most rostral portion of the frontal lobe of the macaque "anterior to the arcuate sulcus on the lateral, ventral and medial surfaces of the lobe" ( Walker-1940 ). It includes eleven cytoarchitectural areas and parts of two others identified by Nissl stain. More than 40 specimens were cut in various planes to assure accurate measurement of cortical thickness. Observing that Brodmann-1909 and the Vogts-1919 had used different numbers to represent cytoarchitecturally equivalent areas in the macaque-like guenon and the human, Walker renamed several areas to coincide with the names Brodmann had given to equivalent areas in the human ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Most investigators studying this region since the 1940s have based their terminology on that of Walker-1940. For more recent and more detailed segmentations based on multiple stains and connectivity in the macaque and the human see prefrontal cortex ( Carmichael-1994; Ongur-2003 ).
cortical maps of Walker
prefrontal cortex (M)
Walker's areas
Walker's cortical areas
cortical areas of Walker
prefrontal cortex (Walker)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=968
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is defined as agranular cortex containing Betz cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FA of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=969
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is located in the posterior wall of the central sulcus and extends as a narrow strip onto the surface of the hemisphere caudal to the sulcus. It is thin granulous cortex ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PB of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=970
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It was described as "thick agranular cortex without Betz cells in v" [the internal pyramidal layer]. The authors regarded area FB and area FBA of Bonin together as homologous to area FB in the human (as defined by Economo-1925). Certain features that distinguished area FB from area FA of Bonin in the human were less distinct or absent in the macaque, namely, the slight thinning of cortex, distinct border with FA, finer more radiate arrangement of cells, total absence of Betz cells, broadening of layer III [external pyramidal layer], and large cells in iii ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FB of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=971
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Separated from area FB of Bonin by the spur of the arcuate sulcus (macaque) and bounded ventrally by the anterior subcentral sulcus, it is distinguished from area FB by 'larger cells in v [internal pyramidal layer], but usually not large enough to be called Betz cells". The authors regarded area FB and FBA together as homologous to the human area FB of Economo with distinctions described for area FB of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FBA of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=972
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. The area labeled FC was described together with area FCBm of Bonin and area FCop of Bonin as "a zone which surrounds the frontal lobe… anterior to the agranular cortex... which contains but a feeble granular layer." The authors regarded it as homologous to area FC of the human as defined by Economo ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FC of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=973
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. The area labeled FCBm was described together with area FC of Bonin and area FCop of Bonin as "a zone which surrounds the frontal lobe… anterior to the agranular cortex… which contains but a feeble granular layer." Because of "the tendency for cells of iiic to become prominent," the authors regarded it as homologous to area FCBm of the human as defined by Economo ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FCBm of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=974
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. The area labeled FCop was described together with area FC of Bonin and area FCBm of Bonin as "a zone which surrounds the frontal lobe… anterior to the agranular cortex… which contains but a feeble granular layer." The cortex was thinner in this area, which led the authors to regard it as homologous to area FCop of the human as defined by Economo ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FCop of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=975
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Located in the most rostral portion of the frontal lobe it is distinguished from area FC of Bonin by an internal granular layer that is thicker and by an increase in the number and size of "cells of va". The authors regarded area FD as a "vast undifferentiated area" in which "sometimes the cells are smaller, sometimes larger; sometimes the cortex is thicker, sometimes thinner, but theses variations seem inconstant and unimportant." Area FD encompassed multiple areas defined by earlier authors, e.g., area 9 of Walker, area 10 of Walker, area 11 of Walker, area 12 of Walker and part of area 25 of Walker ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FD of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=976
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Located in the rostral bank of the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and adjacent cortical surface, area FD gamma was distinguished from area FD of Bonin by a more prominent distribution of "big cells in iiic and va." The authors regarded it as the same as area 45 of Walker and area 8 of Vogts and homogous to area FD gamma of Economo and triangular area 45 of Brodmann (human) ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FD gamma of Bonin-1947
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=977
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Located along the principal sulcus rostral to the arcuate sulcus, it is distinguished from area FD of Bonin in that the cells in layers other than the internal granular layer are smaller and "the usual dense va is much less obvious… ii and iii are unusually thick." The authors regarded it as the same as area 46 of Walker in the macaque and homologous to area FD delta of Economo in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FD delta of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=978
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. The authors regarded it as homologous to the human area FF as defined by Economo ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FF of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=979
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Located on the inferior medial surface of the frontal lobe it is distinguished from area FD of Bonin in that the cells of sublayer c of external pyramidal layer are less distinctive and more similar to those of sublayers a and b of external pyramidal layer ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FL of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=980
refers to an area of the anterior cingulate gyrus in the macaque as defined by cytoarchitecture. The authors regarded area LA together with area FL of Bonin as the same as area 24 of Brodmann-1909 (guenon) ( Bonin-1947 ).
area LA of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=981
refers to an area of the posterior cingulate gyrus in the macaque as defined by cytoarchitecture. It borders, and is virtually indistinguishable from, area FDL of Bonin. The authors regarded it as the same as area 23 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Bonin-1947 ).
area LC of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=982
refers to an area of the occipital lobe in the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located immediately anterior to area OB of Bonin. The cortical thickness is highly variable within and across subjects, and the boundary with area OB is very indistinct. In comparison to area OB, "About all one can say is that the cells of iiic grow smaller and there are fewer large cells in va." The anterior border with area PG of Bonin is distinguished by PG's greater thickness, reduced lamination, and increased cellularity of the internal pyramidal layer. Otherwise, the anterior boundaries of OA are indistinct ( Bonin-1947 ).
area OA of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=983
refers to an area of the occipital lobe in the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located immediately anterior to area OC of Bonin. The boundary with area OC is defined distinctly by the abrupt thinning of the prominent internal granular layer of OC. Near the margin "there are especially large cells in iiic to form what Economo calls in man OB gamma," a finding reported in many primate species. The anterior boundary of area OB with area OA of Bonin is very indistinct ( Bonin-1947 ).
area OB of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=984
refers to a subdivision of the occipital lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Identified with area 17 of Brodmann (human), it "stretches widely over the lateral aspect of the occipital lobe almost to the lunate sulcus of the macaque anteriorly and to the inferior occipital sulcus ventrally. "On the medial surface it rapidly narrows as it passes forward and sinks into the depths of the calcarine sulcus. It is the "most pronounced" granulous cortex and relatively thin ( Bonin-1947 ).
area OC of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=985
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is a 5mm wide strip of isocortex located in the parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus. It extends as a narrow strip onto the medial surface of the hemisphere to the cingulate sulcus and on the lateral surface ventrally to the lateral fissure. The ventral-most portion, area PCop of Bonin extends into the frontal lobe below the ventral end of the central sulcus where it is bounded by area FCop of Bonin at the level of the anterior subcentral sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PC of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=986
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is the subdivision of area PC of Bonin that extends into the frontal lobe below the ventral end of the central sulcus to the anterior subcentral sulcus where it is bounded by area FCop of Bonin. It is atypical in structure and thinner than the more dorsal part of PC ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PCop of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=987
refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is composed of area PEm of Bonin and area PEp of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PE of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=988
refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is thicker than area PC of Bonin and "is well laminated with a thick internal granular layer. There is a striking clear zone in v, and this layer contains some very large pyramidal cells, almost as large as the largest Betz cells." A number of other authors who have reported these cells are cited ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PEm of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=989
refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located anterior to area PG of Bonin. It is similar to area PG except that it is thinner and the cells of sublayer c of external pyramidal layer are larger ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PF of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=990
refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It "is characterized by being unusually thick for parietal cortex, by the compactness of its small cells, by its fine radiations, by the vagueness of its horizontal stratification and by unusually thick v and vi, with v less clear than elsewhere" ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PG of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=991
refers to an area of the temporal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies approximately the posterior four fifths of the superior temporal gyrus. It differs from area TE of Bonin in that the internal pyramidal layer is much more cellular than that of area TE ( Bonin-1947 ).
area TA of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=992
refers to an area of the temporal lobe of the macaque defined by cytoarchitecture. It is located ventral to the superior temporal sulcus. Commenting on its "striking resemblance" to area OA of Bonin, the authors define no differences from that area. They regard it as including area 20 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 21 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Bonin-1947 ).
area TE of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=993
refers to an area on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe in the macaque that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located largely in the fusiform gyrus. Compared to area TE of Bonin the cortex is thinner, especially the internal pyramidal layer (V) and multiform layer (VI), and "there is clearly visible… the characteristic which Economo gives for this region in man: 'the substratum Vb directly below has large cells… less densely arranged… so that Vb appears distinctly lighter… than the above stratum… Sometimes the cells in the upper layer Va are also less compactly arranged and this part of the stratum is then paler, which makes V show with a darker intermediate band between its upper and lower lighter rows'" ( Bonin-1947 ).
area TF of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=994
refers to an area on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe of the macaque that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is very similar to area TF of Boning-1947 differing only in that its internal pyramidal layer (V) is more dense. The authors regarded it as homologous to the human area TH of Economo-1929 ( Bonin-1947 ).
area TH of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=995
refers to patchy areas of large cells distributed in area TC of Bonin which the authors regarded as similar in internal structure to area TB of Economo in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).
area TB of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=996
refers to an area of the superior temporal gyrus in the macaque defined by cytoarchitecture. It is a relatively thick area of granulous cortex located in the inferior wall of the lateral fissure from about the middle of the insula posteriorly for a distance of 10 to 12mm ( Bonin-1947 ).
area TC of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=997
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is located on the medial surface of the frontal lobe where it occupies both walls of the cingulate sulcus. A part of area FD of Bonin, it differs little from the rest of area FD and the authors did not delineate it in their map of cortical areas. It is continuous with, and virtually indistinguishable from area LC of Bonin. They regarded it as homologous to an area of similar structure and location described by Economo-1929 in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FDL of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=998
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is a "narrow zone in the depth of the posterior wall" of the central sulcus that differs from the adjacent area FA of Bonin in that it is of "a thinner laminated type. The two granular layers appear and layer v clears. It may also be seen" on the medial surface of the hemisphere. The authors did not delineate area PA in their map of cortical areas. They regarded it as a transition zone between area FA and area PB of Bonin homologous to area PA as described by Economo in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PA of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=999
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is located at the frontal pole. A part of area FD of Bonin, it differs from the rest of area FD in that it is thinner and the cells are somewhat smaller. The authors did not delineate it in their map of cortical area ( Bonin-1947 ).
area FDE of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1000
N/A
Bonin's areas
Bonin and Bailey's areas
areas of von Bonin and Bailey
cortical maps of Bonin and Bailey
von Bonin and Bailey's areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1001
refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is a transition zone between area PC of Bonin and area PF of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PFC of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1002
refers to an area of the insula in the macaque as defined by cytoarchitecture. Located in the anterior part of the insula, it was identified by the authors as homologous to the human area IA of Economo-1929 ( Bonin-1947 ).
area IA of Bonin-1947
area IA of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1003
refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It lies caudal to area PEm of Bonin. It is identical to area PEm except for a lack of the very large pyramidal cells seen in the internal pyramidal layer (V) of PEm. The authors labeled it simply PE in their cortical map. They regarded it as a part of area 7 of Brodmann (guenon); the other part was distinguished as area PG of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PEp of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1004
refers to an area of the insula in the macaque as defined by cytoarchitecture. Located in the posterior part of the insula, it was identified by the authors as homologous to the human area IB of Economo-1929 ( Bonin-1947 ).
area IB of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1005
refers to an area of cerebral cortex that von Bonin and Bailey tried unsuccessfully to identify by cytoarchitecture in Macaca mulatta. They provide a detailed analysis of reports by previous authors in support of their contention that it does not exist. It would correspond to area 2 of Brodmann (guenon), and area 2 of Vogts in the guenon and to area PD of Economo-1929 in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).
area PD of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1006
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of cerebral cortex of the guenon that is located predominantly in the postcentral gyrus, but ventrally in a portion of the precentral gyrus as well. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 3 of Brodmann (human). Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) the cortical thickness of area 3 is unusually thin, in fact, among the thinnest areas of the cerebral cortex; the cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are smaller, plumper and more densely distributed in a tighter strip; cells of the internal granular layer (IV) are distributed more sparsely; the internal pyramidal layer (V) is relatively clear with scattered large to very large pyramid shaped ganglion cells separated by tangentially oriented fiber bundles; the multiform layer (VI) is composed of a dense population of homogeneously distributed cells such that sublayers are absent and the boundary with the subcortical white matter is distinct. According to Roberts-1963 the external granular layer (II), layer III and layer IV are not clearly demarcated from each other and are all densely packed with small cells.
Area postcentralis oralis
area 3 of Brodmann (guenon)
rostral postcentral area
Feld 3
Brodmann's area 3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1007
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the guenon. It includes portions of the cingulate gyrus and the frontal lobe. The cortex is thin; it lacks the internal granular layer (IV) so that the densely distributed, plump pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) merge with similar cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V); the multiform layer (VI) is very thin ( Brodmann-1905 ). Note that Brodmann later divided this area into two areas, area 24 of Brodmann-1909 (guenon) and area 25 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Typus 24
area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon)
agranular cingulate area
Gyrus limbicus anterior
Brodmann's area 24
anterior cingulate area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1008
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It differs most clearly from area 13 of Brodmann in that it lacks a distinct internal granular layer (IV). Other differences are a less distinct external granular layer (II), a widening of the relatively cell-free zone of the external pyramidal layer (III); cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V) are denser and rounded; and the cells of the multiform layer (VI) assume a more distinct tangential orientation ( Brodmann-1905 ).
Brodmann's area 14 is unrelated to area 14 of Walker and area 14 (macaque), which are located in the orbital gyri. It is more equivalent to the dysgranular insula or the dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) of later architectonic segmentations.
Typus 14
Brodmann's area 14
area 14 of Brodmann (guenon)
Insula anterior
area 14 of Brodmann
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1009
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Located in the posterior part of the insula, it shares with other parts of the insular cortex a wide molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) and very wide multiform layer (VI). The external granular layer (II) is relatively dense. The external pyramidal layer (III) has a central stripe of less cellular density that separates two sublayers, IIIa and IIIb. The internal granular layer (IV) is sufficiently wide and dense to separate clearly sublayer IIIb from layer V. The boundary between layers V and VI is defined by larger ganglion cells, more pyramidal in shape, in layer V giving way to smaller, more spindle-shaped cells that become denser and more homogeneous deeper in layer VI. Often the spindle cells are arrayed horizontally as in the claustrum (VICl), which Brodmann considered a likely extension of layer VI beyond the extreme capsule (VICe) ( Brodmann-1905 ).
Brodmann's area 13 is unrelated to area 13 of Walker and area 13 (macaque), which are located in the orbital gyri. It is more equivalent to the granular insula of later architectonic segmentations.
Brodmann's area 13
area 13 of Brodmann
area 13 of Brodmann (guenon)
Typus 13
Insula posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1010
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the part of the insula nearest the limen insula. The cortex is somewhat thinner with less cellular density than in other parts of the insula. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is unusually wide; the external granular layer (II) and the external pyramidal layer (III) are less dense, and the internal granular layer (IV) is totally absent, so that the medium-sized pyramidal cells of layer III and the internal pyramidal layer (V) merge with a few isolated granular cells scattered at their boundary. The multiform layer (VI) divides into a more densely cellular outer sublayer (VIa) and a less dense inner sublayer (VIb). As in area 14 of Brodmann (guenon), the sublayer VIb merges with the adjacent claustrum. The cells in all of layer VI form tangential rows similar to the formation seen in area 10 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 11 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Brodmann-1905 ).
Area 15 of Brodmann is topologically equivalent to the agranular insula of the macaque. It and area 16 of Brodmann (guenon) together are most nearly equivalent to the agranular insular area of later architectonic segmentations.
area 15 of Brodmann (guenon)
Typus 15
area 15 of Brodmann
Insula ventralis
Brodmann's area 15
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1011
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is a relatively undifferentiated cortical area that Brodmann regarded as part of the insula because of the relation of its innermost multiform layer (VI) with the claustrum. The laminar organization of cortex is almost totally lacking. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is wide as in area 15 of Brodmann. The space between layer I and layer VI is composed of a mixture of pyramidal cells and spindle cells with no significant number of granule cells. Pyramidal cells clump in the outer part to form glomeruli similar to those seen in some of the olfactory cortex ( Brodmann-1905 ).
Area 16 of Brodmann is topologically equivalent to the agranular orbitofrontal cortex in the macaque. It and area 15 of Brodmann together are most nearly equivalent to the insulo-orbital agranular cortex of later architectonic segmentations.
area 16 of Brodmann (guenon)
Insula olfactoria
Brodmann's area 16
Typus 16
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1012
refers to an area located on the posterior "lip" of the middle frontal gyrus that was defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the guenon. In comparison with area 8 of Brodmann (guenon), area 8a showed more pronounced layers of large pyramidal cells (layer IIIb in the external pyramidal layer (III)) and of ganglion cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V); the internal granular layer (IV) was less pronounced. The internal structure of the area was illustrated in Brodmann-1905. It was not mentioned or illustrated in the map of Brodmann's areas in Brodmann-1909.
area 8a of Brodmann
area 8a of Brodmann (guenon)
Typus 8a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1013
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Described but not labeled on the map of cortical areas in Brodmann-1909, it was regarded as cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 30 of Mauss-1908 in the guenon and area 43 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). The Vogts found no distinctive architectonic area of corresponding location the guenon ( Vogts-1919 ).
Brodmann's area 43
Feld 43
Area subcentralis
area 43 of Brodmann (guenon)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1014
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. It is located predominantly in the precentral gyrus. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and noted that it occupies a much greater fraction of the frontal lobe in the monkey than in the human.
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): the cortex is unusually thick; the layers are not distinct; the cells are relatively sparsely distributed; giant pyramidal (Betz) cells are present in the internal pyramidal layer (V); lack of an internal granular layer (IV) such that the boundary between the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is indistinct; lack of a distinct external granular layer (II); a gradual transition from the multiform layer (VI) to the subcortical white matter.
Brodmann's area 4
Area gigantopyramidalis
Feld 4
giant pyramidal area
area 4 of Brodmann (guenon)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1015
refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies primarily the superior parietal lobule. Brodmann-1909 considered it topologically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 5 of Brodmann (human).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) area 5 has a thick self-contained internal granular layer (IV); lacks a distinct internal pyramidal layer (V); has a marked sublayer 3b of pyramidal cells in the external pyramidal layer (III); has a distinct boundary between the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI); and has ganglion cells in layer V beneath its boundary with layer IV that are separated from layer VI by a wide clear zone.
area 5 of Brodmann (guenon)
preparietal area
Brodmann's area 5
Feld 5
Area praeparietalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1016
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 21 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): Compared to area 20 of Brodmann (guenon), the total cortical thickness of area 21 is greater, the granular cells are less abundant, and the boundary with the subcortical white matter is less distinct; the molecular layer (I) is wider; the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are larger; the internal granular layer (IV) is less developed and contains fewer cells; ganglion cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V) are larger, rounder, and densely arrayed adjacent to layer IV; the boundary between layer V and the multiform layer (VI) is indistinct; and layer VI is wider and has no sublayers.
Brodmann's area 21
Area temporalis media
middle temporal area
area 21 of Brodmann (guenon)
Feld 21
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1017
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 21 of Brodmann (guenon) the cortical thickness of area 22 is greater; cell density is reduced overall and the internal granular layer (IV) is even less developed with fewer cells; there is no detectable boundary between the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI); as in area 21, the ganglion cells of layer V are numerous and are arrayed adjacent to its boundary with layer IV, but they are plumper and more pyramidal in shape; the polymorphic cells of the multiform layer (VI) become gradually more numerous as one goes deeper and gives way to a wide sublayer 6b of fusiform cells as one approaches the boundary of the cortex with the subcortical white matter.
Area temporalis superior
Brodmann's area 22
area 22 of Brodmann (guenon)
superior temporal area
Feld 22
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1018
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the combined area 23 of Brodmann (human) and area 23 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Distinctive Features ( Brodmann-1905 ): the cortex is relatively thin; smaller cells predominate; the cell density of the multiform layer (VI) is great, producing a distinct boundary with the subcortical white matter; the internal granular layer (IV) is rather well developed; the internal pyramidal layer (V) contains a dense population of round, medium-sized ganglion cells concentrated at the border with layer IV; layers V and VI are narrow with a distinct mutual boundary.
Brodmann's area 23
Feld 23
posterior cingulate area
Area cingularis posterior
area 23 of Brodmann (guenon)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1019
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that includes portions of the cingulate gyrus and the frontal lobe in the guenon.
According to Walker-1940, in the macaque the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is moderate in thickness; layer III is broad; layers V and VI are undifferentiated and narrow. The cells are of medium size, larger in the inner portion of layer III and outer portion of layer V, and irregularly dispersed. Walker regarded area 24 of the monkey as cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 24 of Brodmann (human) and area 25 of Brodmann (human) .
Feld 24
area 24 of Brodmann-1909 (guenon)
Area cingularis anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1020
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 6 of Brodmann (human) and noted that in the monkey area 4 is larger than area 6, while in the human area 6 is larger than area 4.
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): it is thick relative to other cortical areas; the transition from cortex to subcortical white matter is gradual; cell layers are indistinct; and the internal granular layer (IV) is absent.
Brodmann's area 6
area 6 of Brodmann (guenon)
Area frontalis agranularis
agranular frontal area
Feld 6
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1021
N/A
area 25 of Brodmann-1905
Area praelimbica
Typus 25
prelimbic area
area 32 of Brodmann (guenon)
Brodmann's area 32
Feld 32
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1022
refers to a subdivision of the postcentral gyrus of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topologically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 1 of Brodmann (human).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is cell free; the external granular layer (II) contains a population composed primarily of granule cells superfically with some small pyramidal cells and stellate cells in its deeper portion; the most densely populated layer is the internal granular layer (IV) which contains small round darkly stained cells with little cytoplasm and larger pyramidal cells or stellate cells sparsely intermixed; the internal pyramidal layer (V), relatively wide and distinct ly bounded by layer IV and the multiform layer (VI), has a dense population of medium sized ganglion cells and pyramidal cells concentrated along its border with layer IV and a clear sublayer 5b containing fewer and smaller cells adjacent to layer VI; layer VI has an abundant neuronal population that is divisible into a sublayer 6a composed primarily of medium sized triangular and larger pyramidal cells, and a deeper sublayer 6b composed strictly of small fusiform cells that are less densely distributed; layer VI is quite wide and it merges gradually with the subcortical white matter.
Brodmann-Area 1
Brodmann's area 1
intermediate postcentral area
Area postcentralis intermedia
area 1 of Brodmann (guenon)
Feld 1
Brodmann-Feld 1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1023
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann-1909 did not regard it as cytoarchitecturally homologous to his area 10 of Brodmann (human).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 9 of Brodmann (guenon), the multiform layer (VI) of area 10 shows an unusual organization of cells into trains oriented parallel to the cortical surface that are separated from one another by narrow cell-free fiber bundles; less marked differences are an overall thinner cortical thickness and a somewhat thicker molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex (I). Compared to area 6 of Brodmann (guenon), area 10 has a subtle but clearly present internal granular layer (IV); layer 3b of the of the external pyramidal layer (III) is weakly developed and composed of medium sized pyramidal cells; and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is more developed.
lateral orbital area
Feld 10
Brodmann's area 10
area 10 of Brodmann (guenon)
Area orbitalis externa
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1024
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. Brodmann-1909 regarded it on the whole as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human) and area 10 of Brodmann (human).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): unlike area 6 of Brodmann (guenon), area 9 has a distinct internal granular layer (IV); unlike area 6 or area 8 of Brodmann (guenon) its internal pyramidal layer (V) is divisible into two sublayers, an outer layer 5a of densely distributed medium sized ganglion cells that partially merges with layer IV, and an inner, clearer, cell-poor layer 5b; the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are smaller and sparser in distribution; the external granular layer (II) is narrow, with small numbers of sparsely distributed granule cells.
area 9 of Brodmann (guenon)
granular frontal area
Brodmann's area 9
Area frontalis granularis
Feld 9
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1025
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 20 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): area 20 is similar to area 19 of Brodmann (guenon) in the relative abundance of small cell types relative to the number of larger pyramidal cells; a very dense, wide internal granular layer (IV) composed almost exclusively of granule cells, as in area 18 of Brodmann (guenon); a broad, clear internal pyramidal layer (V) with few cells; and a distinct multiform layer (VI). The major differences from areas 18 and 19 are somewhat lesser cell density; absence of a division of the external pyramidal layer (III) into sublayers 3a and 3b; layer V is more clearly distinguished from layer VI and, on average, has a greater density of pyramidal ganglion cells than in the other areas; layer VI is wider, more diffuse and has fewer cells that are concentrated in the outer part of the layer to produce a denser sublayer 6a and a less dense sublayer 6b.
Brodmann's area 20
Area temporalis inferior
area 20 of Brodmann (guenon)
Feld 20
inferior temporal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1026
N/A
Area striata
Brodmann's area 17
striate area
Feld 17
area 17 of Brodmann (guenon)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1027
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 18 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): a wide, dense internal granular layer (IV); a distinct sublayer 3b of closely packed large pyramidal cells positioned in the external pyramidal layer (III) directly above layer IV; an almost cell free, narrow internal pyramidal layer (V) with no larger ganglion cells; a likewise very narrow, dense multiform layer (VI) composed of small polymorphic cells that form a distinct boundary with the underlying subcortical white matter. Like area 17 of Brodmann-1905, area 18 is relatively thin; the three deep layers are thin relative to the three outer layers; distinct boundaries between layers; abundance of granule cells; narrow layer VI; and sharp boundary between cortex and subcortical white matter.
occipital area
Area occipitalis
Feld 18
area 18 of Brodmann (guenon)
Brodmann's area 18
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1028
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 19 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): Compared to area 18 of Brodmann (guenon), the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are not as densely distributed, the layer is not as narrow, and its boundary with the internal granular layer (IV) is not as distinct; the cells in sublayer 3b are concentrated at its outer boundary leaving a narrow clear zone with no large pyramidal cells adjacent to layer IV; the granule cells of layer IV are less densely distributed and are intermixed with larger polymorphic cells so that, while the layer is still quite dark and prominent, it is somewhat widened and not as self-contained; the internal pyramidal layer (V) is characterized by large pyramidal ganglion cells, most in small groups, a pattern not seen in area 18; the cells in the multiform layer (VI) are clearly larger than in area 18; overall area 19 is somewhat thicker and less densely populated than area 18.
area 19 of Brodmann (guenon)
preoccipital area
Feld 19
Area praeoccipitalis
Brodmann's area 19
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1029
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and topology ( Brodmann-1909 ). While Brodmann did not include it in the illustration of the guenon cortex, he described it as a portion of area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon) that was homologous to the area 25 of Brodmann (human) and that appears as
Brodmann's area 25 in a topologically equivalent location in Vogt-1987.
Note that Brodmann earlier assigned the number 25 to area 32 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Brodmann-1905; Mauss-1908 ).
Area subgenualis
area 25 of Brodmann (guenon)
Brodmann's area 25
Feld 25
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1030
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann regarded its location adjacent to the CA fields as imprecisely represented in the illustration of the cortex of the guenon brain in Brodmann-1909. It is located on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. In the human it and the area 34 of Brodmann (human) together constitute approximately the entorhinal area (Brodmann-1909).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex (I) is unusually wide; the external granular layer (II) contains nests of, for the most part, multipolar cells: the external pyramidal layer (III) contains medium sized pyramidal cells which merge with cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V); a clear cell free zone represents sublayer 5b of layer V; the multiform layer is wide and has a less clear two sublayer structure; the internal granular layer (IV) is totally absent.
area 28 of Brodmann (guenon)
entorhinal area
Typus 28
Feld 28
Brodmann's area 28
Area entorhinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1031
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The smallest of Brodmann's cortical areas in the monkey, it represents cortex that is less differentiated and relatively smaller in monkey and human than in other species. Brodmann regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the combined area 26 of Brodmann (human), area 29 of Brodmann-1909 (human) and area 30 of Brodmann (human) (Brodmann-1909).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): thin cortex; distinct but narrow layers.
ectosplenial area
area 26 of Brodmann (guenon)
Brodmann's area 26
Area ectosplenialis
Typus 26
Feld 26
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1032
N/A
cortical maps of Brodmann
areas de Brodmann
Brodmann's areas
mapa de áreas corticales de Brodmann
areas of Brodmann
cortical areas of Brodmann
Brodmann's cortical areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1033
refers to a subdivision of the postcentral gyrus of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topologically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 2 of Brodmann (human). Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 1 of Brodmann (guenon), the cortical thickness of area 2 is considerably less; the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are larger and much more densely distributed which produces a more distinct difference between sublayers 3a and 3b; ganglion cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V) are on average much larger and more numerous and are not infrequently intermixed with cells the size of small giant pyramidal cells; layer V is also distinctly divided into a sublayer 5a and 5b where the latter is a clear strip between sublayer 5a and the multiform layer (VI); layer VI consists of a dense outer sublayer 6a of triangular cells and a sparser deeper sublayer 6b of fusiform cells. Authors von Bonin and Bailey disputed the existence of area 2 which they sought unsuccessfully to identify in the macaque as area PD of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).
caudal postcentral area
Feld 2
Area postcentralis caudalis
Brodmann's area 2
area 2 of Brodmann (guenon)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1034
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. Located rostral to the arcuate sulcus, it was not considered by Brodmann-1909 to be topographically homologous to the area 8 of Brodmann (human).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 6 of Brodmann (guenon), area 8 has a diffuse but clearly present internal granular layer (IV);sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) has densely distributed medium sized pyramidal cells; the internal pyramidal layer (V) has larger ganglion cells densely distributed with some granule cells interspersed; the external granular layer (II) is denser and broader; cell layers are more distinct; the abundance of cells is somewhat greater.
area 8 of Brodmann (guenon)
Brodmann's area 8
Feld 8
intermediate frontal area
Area frontalis intermedia
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1035
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex in the guenon. It occupies most of the parietal lobe excluding the postcentral gyrus and superior parietal lobule. Brodmann-1909 considered it topologically homologous to the combined area 7 of Brodmann (human), area 40 of Brodmann (human) and area 39 of Brodmann. Cytoarchitecurally he regarded it as "a still undifferentiated precursor zone for all parietal areas (apart from area 5) ( Garey-1999 ).
Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): in area 7 compared to area 5 of Brodmann (guenon), large ganglion cells are absent from the internal pyramidal layer (V); the pyramidal cells of the external pyramidal layer (III) sublayer 3b are, on average, larger; the multiform layer (VI) is denser and narrower and more sharply bounded by subcortical white matter.
area 7 of Brodmann (guenon)
Brodmann's area 7
Feld 7
parietal area
Area parietalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1036
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture ( Brodmann-1905 ).
Distinctive features: area 11 lacks an internal granular layer (IV); larger pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) merge with a denser self-contained collection of cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V); similar to area 10 of Brodmann (guenon) is the presence in the multiform layer (VI) of trains of cells oriented parallel to the cortical surface separated by acellular fiber bundles; a thick molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I); a relatively narrow overall cortical thickness; and a gradual transition from the multiform layer (VI) to the subcortical white matter.
medial orbital area
Area orbitalis interna
Feld 11
area 11 of Brodmann (guenon)
Brodmann's area 11
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1037
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies the most rostral portion of the frontal lobe. Brodmann-1909 did not regard it as homologous, either topographically or cytoarchitecturally, to area 12 of Brodmann (human). More recent authors consider it the equivalent of area 12 (macaque) and area 47/12 of the human ( Carmichael-1994; Ongur-2003 ).
Distinctive features according to Brodmann-1905: a quite distinct internal granular layer (IV) separates slender pyramidal cells of the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V); the multiform layer (VI) is expanded, contains widely dispersed spindle cells and merges gradually with the underlying cortical white matter; all cells, including the pyramidal cells of the external and internal pyramidal layers are inordinately small; the internal pyramidal layer (V) also contains spindle cells in groups of two to five located close to its border with the internal granular layer (IV).
Feld 12 Area frontopolaris
area 12 of Brodmann (guenon)
frontopolar area
Typus 12 Gyrus rectus
Brodmann's area 12
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1038
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe in the human defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Defined and illustrated in Brodmann-1909, it included the areas subsequently illustrated in Brodmann-1910 as area 11 of Brodmann (human) and area 12 of Brodmann (human).
prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909
Brodmann's area 11 (1909)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1039
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that is a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus of the guenon ( Brodmann-1909 ). It is commonly regarded as a synonym of presubiculum ( Crosby-1962 ).
Typus 27
presubicular area
Brodmann's area 27
Feld 27
area 27 of Brodmann
area 27 of Brodmann (guenon)
Area praesubicularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1044
refers to the outermost layer of the piriform area in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); the other two layers are the pyramidal layer of the piriform area and the polymorph layer of the piriform area.
piriform area, molecular layer
molecular layer of the piriform area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1045
refers to the innermost layer of the piriform area in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); the other two layers are the pyramidal layer of the piriform area and the molecular layer of the piriform area .
polymorph layer of the piriform area
piriform area, polymorph layer
PIR3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1046
refers to the larger of two parts of the medial mammillary nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is equivalent to the combined medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus and lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus described by other authors for the human ( Saper-2004 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). it constitutes the major volume of the nucleus ventrolateral to the much smaller median part of the medial mammillary nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
body of the medial mammillary nucleus
medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part
medial mammillary nucleus, body
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1047
refers to a region of the rat brain located lateral to the periaqueductal gray. It is one of three parts of the midbrain reticular nucleus. The other two are the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus and the retrorubral field of the midbrain reticular nucleus. Functionally the magnocellular part is one of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system; the parvicellular part and the retrorubral field belong to the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus
midbrain reticular nucleus, magnocellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1048
refers to one of three parts of the midbrain reticular nucleus in the rat. The other two are the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus and the retrorubral field of the midbrain reticular nucleus. The parvicellular part is located lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus and inferior to the periaqueductal gray. It was once regarded by some authors as part of the pedunculopontine nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system, perhaps specifically involved in locomotor control ( Swanson-2004 ).
midbrain extrapyramidal area
midbrain reticular nucleus, parvicellular part
parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1049
refers to an area caudal and lateral to the red nucleus in the midbrain reticular formation identified by Nissl stain in the human ( Halliday-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000; Paxinos-2001 ). It largely overlaps the dopaminergic A8 cell group ( Halliday-2012 ).
Some authors restrict its definition to the portion where dopaminergic cells of the A8 cell group are prominent ( Halliday-2012 ). Functionally It is one of two components of the midbrain reticular nucleus in the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system. The other is the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
retrorubral area of the midbrain reticular nucleus
retrorubral area
retrorubral fields
midbrain reticular nucleus, retrorubral area
retrorubral field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1050
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of the orbital areas (rodent). It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and variably in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
orbital cortex, ventrolateral part
ventrolateral orbital area
orbital area ventrolateral part
orbital area, ventrolateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1051
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca mulatta) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The external granular layer (II) has densely packed granular cells; the external pyramidal layer (III) is narrow and sparsely populated with no large pyramidal cells; the internal granular layer (IV) is narrow but distinct; the internal pyramidal layer (V) has a dense population of small and medium pyramidal cells; the boundaries between layer V, the multiform layer (VI) and the subcortical white matter are indistinct. Area OFO "corresponds closely" to area 6b beta of Vogts ( Roberts-1963, Vogts-1919 ].
area OFO of Roberts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1052
refers to an area of the temporal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located at the temporal pole. It differs from area TA of Bonin in that the cortex is quite thick, especially the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) whose mutual boundary is indistinct. Except for the boundary between the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) and the external granular layer (II), all of the boundaries are unclear. "These alterations casue TG to resemble FF (area FF of Bonin) on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe, with which it is intimately connected." ( Bonin-1947 )
area TG of Bonin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1053
refers to a part of the precentral operculum of the macaque (Macaca mulatta) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is thinner than the adjacent part of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon); the internal granular layer (IV) is more clearly distinguishable; the external pyramidal layer (III) is narrower with cells that are more sparse and lacking in size gradient; the internal pyramidal layer (V) has a dark band of densely packed medium and large pyramidal cells; and the multiform layer (VI) has two zones, the inner of which consists of small cells which "blend with subcortical white matter." Area PrCO may correspond to area 6b alpha of Vogts ( Roberts-1963; Vogts-1919 ).
area PrCO
area PrCO of Roberts
Cortex opercularis praecentralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1054
refers to one of two parts of the central lobule of the cerebellum in an alternate segmentation of the vermis of the anterior lobe; the other part is lobule III ( Carpenter-1983, Swanson-1998 ).
2nd Cerebellar lobule
lobule 2
lobule II
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1055
refers to a functionally defined area of mammalian cerebral cortex. It has been mapped in a number of species on the basis of movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the cortical surface. In the macaque It is the equivalent of SMA proper, a subdivision of the mesial premotor cortex ( Wise-1985a ). The face area is located anteriorly with the hind limb and tail areas extending posteriorly ( Woolsey-1958 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is the functional equivalent of the premotor cortex, which is not ordinarily subdivided in rodents.
MII area
area MII of Woolsey-1958
supplementary motor area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1056
refers to an area of mammalian cerebral cortex. It is the functionally defined equivalent of primary motor cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ). It has been mapped in a number of species on the basis of movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the cortical surface in animals under anesthesia. In the macaque it is located on the exposed surface of the precentral gyrus with extensions into the anterior bank of the central sulcus and the posterior bank of the arcuate sulcus. The face area is located on the lower lateral surface with part of the hind limb and tail areas extending over the midline into the bank of the longitudinal fissure ( Woolsey-1958 ).
precentral motor area
precentral motor field
MI area
area MI of Woolsey-1958
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1057
refers to a functionally defined area of mammalian cerebral cortex. It has been mapped in a number of species on the basis of evoked potentials elicited by light touch stimulation of the skin. In the macaque it is located in the postcentral gyrus, both on the exposed surface and in the posterior bank of the central sulcus. The face area is located on the lower lateral surface with the hind limb and tail areas extending over the midline into the bank of the longitudinal fissure ( Woolsey-1958 ). It is the same as the primary somatosensory cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).
somatic afferent area I
area SI
postcentral tactile area
area SI of Woolsey-1958
postcentral sensory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1058
refers to a functionally defined area of mammalian cerebral cortex. It has been mapped in a number of species on the basis of evoked potentials elicited in the cortex by light touch stimulation of the skin. In the macaque the trunk and limbs are represented in the superior bank of the lateral fissure with the face area extending onto the surface of the postcentral gyrus ( Woolsey-1958 ). It is the same as the secondary somesthetic area ( Carpenter-1983 ).
area SII of Woolsey-1958
supplementary somatosensory area
second somatic sensory area
SII area
somatic afferent area II
supplemental somatosensory area
second sensory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1059
refers to the part of the substantia innominata located ventromedial to the globus pallidus and caudal to the anterior commissure in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). See extended amygdala.
sublenticular extended amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1060
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is located lateral to the primary visual area (area 17 of Brodmann (human)). See also visual cortex (rodent).
lateral area of the secondary visual cortex
secondary visual cortex, lateral area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1061
refers to a small group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in the human ( Halliday-2012 ), macaque ( Felten-1983 ), rat ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is located in the midbrain reticular formation dorsolateral to the substantia nigra at the level of the red nucleus and caudally. It overlaps the classically defined retrorubral field and, in the human, the midbrain reticular field ( Halliday-2012 ).
dopaminergic group A8
A8 cell group
lateral midbrain reticular formation A8 group
A8 dopamine cells
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1062
refers to a cortical area defined by cytoarchitecture in the mouse and rat. It is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere together with the ventral part of the anterior cingulate area ( Paxinos-2001 ). Together they constitute the anterior cingulate area ( Swanson-1998 ).
anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal part
cingulate cortex, area 1
dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area
anterior cingulate area, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1063
refers to a narrow zone just beneath the surface of the medial geniculate body of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
marginal zone of the medial geniculate
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1064
refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
inferior olive, dorsomedial cell column
dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1065
refers to a group of cells located in the midline between the left and right oculomotor nuclear complexes in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
interoculomotor nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1066
refers to a group of cells adjacent to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and the hypoglossal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
intermedius nucleus of the medulla
intermedius nucleus of medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1067
refers to a transition zone between the cingulate cortex and the retrosplenial cortical areas on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the mouse. The cingulate cortex consists of the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area and the ventral part of the anterior cingulate area; the retrosplenial cortex consists of retrosplenial agranular cortex and retrosplenial granular cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ).
cingulate/retrosplenial cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1068
refers to a cortical area on the dorsal surface of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
lateral parietal association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1069
refers to one of three terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract, different combinations of which are found in different species. The medial nucleus is found at the medial border of the crus cerebri in the midbrain of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). The other two terminal nuclei are the dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract and the lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract. Functionally the terminal nuclei are three of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
medial terminal nucleus accessory optic tract (Edinger)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1070
refers to one of four longitudinal cell columns in the periaqueductal gray that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain tegmentum. Revealed best by stain for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase), it is found lateral to the aqueduct in the human, macaque, rat ( Carrive-2012 ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It stains lightly compared to the heavily stained dorsolateral periaqueductal gray column dorsal to it and compared to heavily stained neighboring and overlapping cell groups: the supraoculomotor cap and intercalated periaqueductal gray. It is located dorsal to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray column, which also stains lightly. The fourth column is the lightly staining dorsomedial periaqueductal gray. Functionally all belong to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column in the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral periaqueductal gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1071
refers to a group of cells located adjacent to the midline at the level of the red nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial accessory oculomotor nucleus
medial accessory nucleus (Bechterew)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1072
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of Nissl stain; it is located on the dorsal and lateral surfaces at the frontal pole of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ).
frontal association area
frontal association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1073
refers to a group of neurons embedded caudally in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. It is illustrated by some authors in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
posterodorsal tegmental nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1074
refers to a small group of cells located within the descending vestibular nucleus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
F cell group of the vestibular complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1076
refers to an area dorsomedial to the cochlear nuclei in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
paracochlear glial substance
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1077
refers to a group of cells located dorsal and lateral to the red nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
pararubral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1078
refers to a cytoarchitectonic area on the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). It is located rostral to the ventral part of the anterior cingulate area between the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area and the more ventral infralimbic area.
prelimbic area`
prelimbic cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1079
refers to a group of cells in the caudal medullary reticular formation of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).
rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1080
refers to a group of cells ventromedial to the subthalamic nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ). Functionally it belongs to the lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).
parasubthalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1081
refers to the portion of the third ventricle located, for the most part, dorsal to the anterior commissure, the thalamus and the posterior commissure as viewed in coronal sections in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsal 3rd ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1083
refers to a group of cells ventral to the nucleus of stria terminalis in the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
striohypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1084
refers to a group of cells extending caudally with the posterior part of the anterior commissure ventral to the striatum in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the primate ( Fudge-2009 ).
interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1085
refers to a group of cells located between the islands of Calleja and the septohippocampal nucleus rostral to the nucleus of the diagonal band in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
semilunar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1086
refers to a group of cells located ventromedial to the medial geniculate body in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
posterior intralaminal thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1087
refers to a group of neurons embedded in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. Located ventromedial to the rostral pole of locus ceruleus and lateral to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, it is found in the human ( Blessing-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
Functionally it is part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). It projects to parasympathetic neurons that in turn project to the pelvic viscera involved in urination, defecation, and genital functions. ( Blessing-2012 ).
Barrington nucleus
pontine micturition center
Barrington's nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1088
refers to a group of cells located in the midline, ventral to the left and right gracile nucleus at the caudal extreme of the medulla in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
median accessory nucleus of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1089
refers to a group of large cells located at the lateral border of the lateral hypothalamic area beneath the ansa lenticularis in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) and at the medial border of the internal capsule of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
magnocellular nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamic area, magnocllular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1090
refers to a group of cells located medial to the medial vestibular nucleus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
nucleus of origin of efferents of the vestibular nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1091
refers to a fiber bundle near the midline on the ventral surface of the anterior hypothalamic region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
medial accessory optic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1092
refers to a tract at near the ventral surface of the pons in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
commissural stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1093
refers to a group of cells located dorsomedially in the pontine tegmentum of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the rat it is composed of two parts, the compact part of nucleus incertus and the diffuse part of nucleus incertus ( Swanson-1998 ). Some authors refer to the area as a subdivision of the pontine central gray ( Paxinos-2009b ). Functionally it is one of the raphe nuclei (functional) in the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus incertus
nucleus incertus (Streeter)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1094
refers to a few small cells weakly fluorescent for catecholamines that were reported in early studies of the dorsal accessory nucleus of the inferior olive of the rat ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
A3 cell group
catecholaminergic group A3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1095
refers to a group of cells adjacent to the nucleus of the posterior commissure in the midbrain tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1096
refers to a group of cells located between the paracentral nucleus and the central lateral nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
oval paracentral thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1097
refers to an area bordering the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the mouse, particularly on the medial side ( Paxinos-2001 ).
peritrigeminal zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1098
refers to a group of cells located dorsal to the sagulum nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
epimicrocellular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1099
refers to a group of cells in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsomedial tegmental area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1100
refers to a narrow zone between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus in the the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
intramedullary thalamic area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1101
refers to a part of the fastigial nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsolateral protuberance of the medial cerebellar nucleus
medial cerebellar nucleus, dorsolateral protuberance
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1102
refers to an area between the medial orbital cortex and the dorsal tenia tecta of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsal transition zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1103
refers to a group of cells associated with the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1104
refers to a group of cells between the medial geniculate body and the lateral geniculate body of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
intermediate geniculate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1105
refers to an area of cerebral cortex located between the subiculum or presubiculum and the retrosplenial area of the the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). In some atlases of the mouse brain the area is not labeled but is incorporated into the presubiculum ( Hof-2000 ).
postsubiculum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1106
refers to a group of cells located in the thalamus, medial to the medial dorsal nucleus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
posteromedian thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1107
refers to the most caudal part of the posterior nuclear complex of the thalamus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
posterior thalamic nuclear group, triangular part
triangular part of the posterior thalamic nuclear group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1108
refers to a narrow area bordering the facial nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
perifacial zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1109
refers to a group of cells adjacent to the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the midbrain and the trochlear nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
paratrochlear nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1110
refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
inferior olive, ventrolateral protrusion
ventrolateral protrusion of the inferior olive
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1111
refers to a group of cells surrounding the abducens nucleus ( Paxinos-2001 ).
paraabducens nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1112
refers to a collection of cells medial to the brachium of the inferior colliculus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
nucleus brachium inferior colliculus
nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus
brachial nucleus of the inferior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1113
refers to one of two subdivisions of the entorhinal area in the mouse; the other is the lateral entorhinal cortex ( Hof-2000 ).
entorhinal cortex, medial part
medial entorhinal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1114
refers to a part of the pontine reticular formation and medullary reticular formation of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).
intermediate reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1115
refers to a group of cells located ventral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the midbrain of the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is one of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior tegmental nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1116
refers to a group of cells in the pretectal region of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior pretectal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1117
refers to a group of cells located bilaterally near the midline in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
nucleus O
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1118
refers to a group of cells near located ventromedial to the nucleus prepositus in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
epifascicular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1119
refers to a group of cells ventral to ambiguous nucleus in the medulla of vertebrates. It is involved in the control of respiration ( Costa-2014 ).
Botzinger complex
Bötzinger Komplex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1120
refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
central nucleus of the inferior olivary complex
inferior olivary complex, central nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1121
refers to a group of cells in the medullary body of the cerebellum of the mouse. It is located between the lateral vestibular nucleus and the deep cerebellar nuclei ( Hof-2000 ).
vestibulocerebellar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1122
refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
inferior olivary complex, cap of Kooy
inferior olive, cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus
cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus, inferior olive
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1123
refers to a group of cells dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1124
refers to a group of cells located in the preoptic area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
ventromedial preoptic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1125
refers to a subdivision of the periaqueductal gray in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
raphe cap
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1126
refers to a group of neurons in the midbrain tegmentum, dorsal to the oculomotor nuclear complex and ventral to the supraoculomotor cap. It is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Some authors consider it part of the periaqueductal gray ( Paxinos-2012 ).
supraoculomotor nucleus
supraoculomotor periaqueductal gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1128
refers to a group of neurons in the periaqueductal gray about midway in its course from the level of the posterior commissure to the locus ceruleus. The cap is located dorsal to the supraoculomotor nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It stains heavily for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase) compared to the lateral periaqueductal gray dorsal to it ( Carrive-2012 ).
supraoculomotor cap
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1129
refers to an area medial to the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
ventrolateral tegmental area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1130
refers to a group of cells ventral to the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
subbrachial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1131
refers to a group of cells located ventral to the zona incerta of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
subincertal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1132
refers to a group of cells located ventral to the pregeniculate nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
subgeniculate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1133
refers to a narrow area on the surface of the cochlear nuclei that contains few nerve cells in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
superficial glial zone of the cochlear nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1134
refers to the dorsal extension of the fourth ventricle that separates the cerebellum from the tectum of the midbrain in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
recess of the inferior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1135
refers to a group of cells located a the level of the posterior commissure in the pretectal region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
retroparafascicular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1136
refers to a group of cells ventrolateral to the reuniens nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
ventral reuniens thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1137
refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the macaque. The others are the medioventral periolivary nucleus, the superior paraolivary nucleus, and the dorsal periolivary region ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is also identified by some authors in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateroventral periolivary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1138
refers to a fiber bundle adjacent to the supraoptic decussations in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It does not exist in the human or the macaque ( Olmos-2004 ).
accessory olfactory tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1139
refers to an area ventromedial to the red nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
visual tegmental relay zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1140
refers to a group of cells located dorsal to the medial lemniscus of the medulla at the boundary between the midbrain and the interbrain in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
retroethmoidal nucleus of the thalamus
retroethmoid nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1141
refers to a group of cells ventromedial to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
accessory trigeminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1142
refers to a group of cells located between the posterior commissure and the nucleus of Darkschewitsch in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the macaque ( Dubach-2008 ).
subcommissural nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1143
refers to a group of cells ventral to the lateral dorsal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
angular thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1144
refers to a group of cells between the ethmoid nucleus of the thalamus and the anterior pretectal nucleus in the pretectal region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
scaphoid thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1145
refers to a group of cells in the midbrain of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is located lateral to the pedunculopontine nucleus at the level of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle. It is not the same as the retrorubral field.
retrorubral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1146
refers to a group of cells in the superior central nucleus raphe of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ).
rhabdoid nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1147
refers to a small portion of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus defined by some authors on the basis of Nissl stain. It is located ventromedially adjacent to the nucleus raphe magnus ( Paxinos-2009, Hof-2000 ).
pontine reticular nucleus, ventral part
ventral part of the pontine reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1148
refers to a portion of the preoptic area that is located ventral to the anterior commissure and adjacent to the nucleus of stria terminalis in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
strial part of the preoptic area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1149
refers to a group of cells in the lateral hypothalamic area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
accessory nucleus of ventral horn
accessory nucleus of the ventral horn
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1150
refers to the medial forebrain bundle as it passes through the anterior hypothalamic region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
component 'a' of the medial forebrain bundle
medial forebrain bundle, 'a' component
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1151
refers to a transitional zone between the piriform area and the the cortical amygdalar nucleus identified as a separate structure by some anatomists in the human ( Mai-1997 ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b )and the mouse ( Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ).
amygdalocortical (corticoamygdaloid) transition area
cortico-amygdaloid transition zone
Area transitoria cortico-amydalaris
cortex-amygdala transition zone
cortex-amygdala transition zone, layer 1
corticoamygdalar transition area
corticoamygdaloid transition area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1152
refers to one of two parts of the linear nucleus of the raphe in the ventral midbrain tegmentum at the level of the oculomotor nuclear complex. It is located in the midline of the human ( Hornung-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ); it is dorsal, variably, to the interfascicular nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus, the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle and the ventral tegmental decussation, It contains a large number of serotonergic neurons ( Hornung-2012 ). The other component is the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
caudal linear nucleus of the raphe
central linear nucleus raphe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1153
refers to a group of cells located largely in the lateral hypothalamic area, near the ventral surface of the hypothalamus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). See also tuberal nucleus and lateral tuberal nuclei.
medial tuberal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1154
refers to a group of cells associated rostrally with the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and that extends caudally as far as the lateral hypothalamic area ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it to be part of the basal nucleus ( Swanson-1998, Hof-2000 )
nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1155
refers to an area that lies between the amygdala and the striatum in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
amygdalostriatal transition area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1156
refers to one of three subdivisions of the auditory cortex that are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is located ventral to the primary auditory cortex, which is in turn located ventral to the third subdivision, the dorsal auditory areas. The auditory cortex is involved in the perception of sounds.
ventral auditory areas
auditory cortex, ventral part
secondary auditory cortex, ventral area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1157
refers to the lateral extension of the dorsal tegmental decussation in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsal tegmental bundle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1158
refers to groups of cells located within or adjacent to the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum. In the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Amunts-2012 ) they include a dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and a ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Some authors identify also a frontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the human; it is located more rostrally at the level of the red nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) the structures include, between the dorsal and ventral nuclei, a narrow horizontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Some authors subdivide the ventral nucleus of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) into an intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and a ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Paxinos). Functionally the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus are part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nuclei of the lateral lemniscus
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Bechterew)
paralemniscal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1159
refers to a group of cells in the midbrain reticular formation in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
deep mesencephalic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1160
refers to one of two subdivisions of the supramammillary area (or nucleus) in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the lateral part of the supramammillary nucleus. Medial and lateral parts are not distinguished in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ).
supramammillary nucleus, medial part
medial part of the supramammillary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1161
refers to a group of cells located ventral to the superior cerebellar peduncle of the midbrain and the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle ( Paxinos-2001 ).
subpedencular tegmental nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1162
refers to a part of the medial septal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
lambdoid septal zone
lambdoid septal zone (Paxinos-Watson)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1163
refers to one of two parts of the nucleus accumbens ( Paxinos-2001 ). See also core of the nucleus accumbens.
accumbens nucleus, shell
shell of the nucleus accumbens
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1165
refers to a portion of the pontine nuclei located in the midline between the medial lemniscus of the two sides in the basal pons of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsomedial pontine nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1166
refers to a cortical area located at the ventrolateral margin of the cerebral hemisphere in the frontal region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsolateral orbital cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1167
refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
inferior olive, dorsomedial cell group
dorsomedial cell group of the inferior olive
inferior olivary complex, dorsomedial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1168
refers to a group of cells located centrally in the posterior portion of the thalamus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
ethmoid thalamic nucleus
ethmoidal nucleus of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1169
amygdalopiriform transition area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1171
refers to a group of cells located between the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).
intercollicular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1172
refers to one of three parts of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the mouse. The others are the compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ( Paxinos-2001 ).
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part
dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1173
refers to a group of cells in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it as part of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus ( Swanson-1998 ).
epirubrospinal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1175
refers to a group of cells located between the lateral septal nucleus and the anterior commissure in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it as part of the lateral septal nucleus ( Swanson-1998 ).
septohypothalamic nucleus (Bleier)
septohypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1176
refers to a group of cells near the dorsal surface of the tectum of the midbrain between the superior colliculus and the epithalamus of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial pretectal area
medial pretectal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1177
refers to a group of cells located dorsally near the midline in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
sphenoid nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1178
refers to a group of cells located adjacent to the stria medullaris of the thalamus at the boundary between the thalamus and the hypothalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
nucleus of the stria medullaris
nucleus of stria medullaris
bed nucleus of stria medullaris
Bed nucleus of the stria medularis
bed nucleus of the stria medullaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1179
refers to a group of cells near the surface of the brain between the supraoptic nucleus and the cortical amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus. The other four are the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract
accessory olfactory formation
nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract
bed nucleus accessory olfactory tract (Scalia-Winans)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1180
refers to a midline group of cells that label for calbindin. The cells are located at the boundary between the nucleus prepositus and the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the mouse ( Hof-2000 )
calbindin-containing nucleus of pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1181
refers to a group of cells located caudal to the anterior commissure in the mouse (Paxinos-2001) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ).
anterior commissural nucleus
anterior commissural nucleus (Peterson)
paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus, anterior magnocellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1183
refers to a cortical area in the postcentral gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 1 of Brodmann (guenon). The cortical thickness was 1.26 mm. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) was thin and contained a moderate number of cells, predominantly spindle cells with a few granule cells. The external granular layer (II) was about 10 cells deep and composed of granule cells larger than in layer IV; an occasional small pyramidal cell was seen deep in the layer. The external pyramidal layer (III) was divisible into two or three sublayers, but without regular pattern; small pyramidal cells in the outer sublayers increased to medium size in deeper sublayers. The internal granular layer (IV) was twice as thick as layer II and was composed of small, densely packed granule cells with a few larger granule cells. The internal pyramidal layer (V) had about the same thickness as layer IV; most of its cells were small to medium, diffusely distributed pyramidal cells. The multiform layer (VI) contained spindle cells, small pyramidal cells and a few pyramidal cells of medium size ( Peele-1942 ).
area 1 of Peele-1942
area 1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1184
refers to a cortical area in the postcentral gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 3 of Brodmann (guenon). Cortical thickness was 1.08 mm. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) contained few cells, with about equal numbers of granular cells and spindle cells. The external granular layer (II) was about 12 cells deep with small and medium sized granule cells densely grouped; an occasional small pyramidal cell was seen deep in the layer. Cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) were densely and irregularly arranged; most were small or medium in size with a few larger cells scattered on both sides of the boundary with the next layer. The internal granular layer (IV) was composed of very small granular cells, loosely packed, and was about 12 cells deep. The internal pyramidal layer (V) consisted of two loosely arranged sublayers, an outer sublayer of cells of medium size and an inner sublayer containing groups of larger pyramidal cells. Its boundary with the multiform layer (VI), a narrow zone of medium sized spindle cells, was indistinct and contained a few small pyramidal cells ( Peele-1942 ).
area 3
area 3 of Peele-1942
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1185
refers to a cortical area in the parietal lobe defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 7 of Brodmann (guenon). The cortical thickness was 1.80 mm. It was distinguished from area 5 of Peele particularly by 1) a lack of large pyramidal cells in the internal granular layer (V); 2) by a radial arrangement of cells in the supragranular layers I, II and, especially, III, which the author likened to the pattern seen in area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) in the frontal lobe; and 3) a stripe formed by slender triangular shaped pyramidal cells in the innermost sublayer of layer III. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) was wider than in the postcentral gyrus and contained only a few spindle cells and granule cells. The external granular layer (II) contained medium sized granule cells that were less densely distributed in a narrower band than in area 5 of Peele; its boundaries were indistinct. The external pyramidal layer (III) had three distinct sublayers with pyramidal cells, very many triangular in shape, that progressed from smaller to large in the deepest of the three sublayers; it differed from that of area 5 of Peele in that the cells were not as densely distributed, and the larger cells were not as large as in area 5. The internal granular layer (IV) was 12 to 15 cells thick and was of very small granule cells less densely distributed than in area 5. The internal pyramidal layer (V) was ill-defined and contained medium to large pyramidal cells. The multiform layer (VI) was compact, had a distinct boundary with the underlying white matter and contained small pyramidal cells and spindle cells ( Peele-1942 ).
area 7 of Peele
area 7
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1186
refers to the large portion of the midbrain reticular formation excluding the pedunculopontine nucleus and the cuneiform nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and, in the mouse, it excludes the retrorubral field as well ( Hof-2000 ).
mesencephalic reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1187
refers to a group of cells in the medullary reticular formation of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is "reminiscent of a bridge of lateral reticular nucleus cells over the rostral end of the [ ambiguous nucleus ]." ( Swanson-2004 ) Functionally it belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
linear nucleus medulla
epiolivary nucleus
epiolivary lateral reticular nucleus
linear nucleus of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1188
refers to multiple layers of stem cells deep to the ependyma lining the walls of the neural tube in the Encephalon (embryonic brain). During early developoment, the stem cells migrate toward the outer surfaces of the brain as they differentiate to populate those areas with neurons and glia.
As the brain develops the shape of the tube modifies to form the cerebral ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, the central canal of the medulla spinal cord. In the adult brain the subependymal zone has disappeared in all areas except the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles ( Kazanis-2009 ).
In the human it is most prominent at the rostral extreme of the ventricle and in the angle betweeen the head of the caudate nucleus and the corpus callosum ( Mai-1997 ). In the adult rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the zone extends laterally from the ventricle to form a narrow layer between the corpus callosum and the dorsal surface of the striatum. It also lines the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle as it extends rostrally along the anterior olfactory nucleus and the olfactory limb of the anterior commissure deep into the olfactory bulb.
subependymal zone
Substantia gliosa subependymalis
subependymal gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1189
refers to a fiber bundle located near the junction of the oculomotor nerve and the crus cerebri ( Swanson-1998 ).
accessory optic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1190
refers to a cytoarchitectonic area on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere rostral to the septum, ventral to the infralimbic area and dorsal to the tenia tecta in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ) and rat ( Paxinos-2009b ). Some authors regard it not as a separate structure but as the ventral part of the infralimbic area ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal peduncular cortex
dorsal peduncular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1191
refers to a group of cells located rostral and dorsal to the interpeduncular nucleus in the midline of the midbrain of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
interfascicular nucleus raphe
interfascicular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1192
refers to a portion of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure. In the human it occupies the posterodorsal portion of the long insular gyri and is divided into two parts, area Ig1 of Kurth and area Ig2 of Kurth. In the macaque it also occupies the posterior part of the insula but is not subdivided ( Mesulam-1984; Paxinos-2009a ).
Classified as neocortex ( true isocortex component ), the granular insula is distinguished from the adjacent dysgranular insula ( periallocortex ) by the presence of two distinct granular layers: external granular layer (II) and internal granular layer (IV) ( Zilles-2004 ).
The architectonically equivalent structure of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), which is referred to functionally as the visceral area, is located on the lateral surface rostral to the center of the hemisphere. It is ventral to the supplemental somatosensory areas, and dorsal to the dysgranular insula ( functional designation gustatory cortex) anteriorly, and to the agranular insular area posteriorly.
granular-isocortical insula
granular insular area
granular insular cortex
insular isocortical belt
Cortex insularis granularis
granular domain
area Ig of Mesulam
granular insula
visceral area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1193
refers to a group cells between the inferior cerebellar peduncle and the lateral vestibular nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Holstein-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
y-group
nucleus Y
nucleus y (Brodal-Pompeiano)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1194
refers to a group of cells that label for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin); thus, they are regarded as 'putative adrenergic cells'. They are found in the dorsal midline of the rostral medulla in conjunction with the noradrenergic group A3. Seen in rodents, group C3 is not detectable in most other species, including primates ( Kitahama-1994 ).
adrenergic group C3
C3 adrenaline cells
C3 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1195
refers to a narrow zone between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the pregeniculate nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
intergeniculate leaf
intergeniculate leaflet
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1196
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that are scattered in the subceruleus nucleus of the macaque ( Felten-1983, German-1975 ).
A6sc cell group
noradrenergic group A6sc
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1197
refers to a composite group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that are located in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum. It includes the noradrenergic A4 cell group, A6 cell group, and A6sc cell group ( Felten-1983 ).
locus ceruleus complex
locus coeruleus complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1198
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin located in the floor of the fourth ventricle dorsal to, and between, the right and left medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons in the primate ( Felten-1983 ) and the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
B6 cell group
serotonergic group B6
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1199
refers to a group of cells in the vicinity of the superior olivary complex in the pontine tegmentum that label for norepinephine in primates ( Felten-1983 ), rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and other mammals ( Kitahama-1994 ).
A5 noradrenaline cells
A5 cell group
noradrenergic group A5
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1200
refers to a few cells fluorescent for dopamine observed in and near the preoptic periventricular nucleus of the primate ( Felten-1983 ). In the mouse, cells in the anterodorsal preoptic nucleus are assigned to this group ( Paxinos-2001 ).
cell group A14
A14 cell group
A14 dopamine cells
dopaminergic group A14
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1201
refers to a group of cells in the medullary reticular formation of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1202
refers to isolated brain separated from the spinal cord by a cut at the junction of the medulla with the spinal cord ( Anthoney-1994 ).
encephale isole
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1203
refers to isolation of the rostral portion of the midbrain and forebrain from the caudal porton of midbrain and hindbrain by a cut through the brainstem between the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus bilaterally ( Anthoney-1994 ).
cerveau isole
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1204
refers to the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum ( Carpenter-1983 ).
ядра латеральной петли
lateral lemniscal nuclei
nuclei del lemnisco laterale
Nuclei lemnisci lateralis
nukleus lemniskus lateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1205
refers to the dorsal tegmental nucleus, the ventral tegmental nucleus and the cuneiform nucleus of the midbrain reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ).
tegmental nuclei
Nuclei tegmenti
Nuclei tegmentales
nuclei tegmentali
ядра покрышки
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1206
refers to white matter at the medial boundary of the medial globus pallidus ( Mai-1997 ).
Lamina pallidi limitans
limiting medullary lamina of the globus pallidus
Lamella pallidi limitans
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1207
refers to the three peduncles of the cerebellum. They are the superior cerebellar peduncle, the middle cerebellar peduncle and the inferior cerebellar peduncle ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Kleinhirnschenkel
pedunkel serebelar
pedunculi cerebellare
pedunculi pontis cerebelli
мозжечковые ножки
pedúnculos cerebelosos
cerebellar peduncles
Kleinhirnstiele
ножки мозжечка
ножки моста
Pedunculi cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1208
(singular: sulcus) refers to surface indentations of the cerebral cortex. While there are sulci in both the human and the macaque brain, their names and locations are somewhat different. In NeuroNames the names of sulci that are found only in the human are followed by (human); those found only in the macaque are followed by (macaque) ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cerebral sulci
борозды
Sulci cerebrales
Sulci cerebri
cerebral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1210
refers to the major subdivisions of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral lobes include the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, the temporal lobe and the insula ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cerebral lobes
Lobi cerebrales
Lobi cerebri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1211
(singular: gyrus) refers to the surface convolutions of the cerebral cortex. There are about 30 named gyri in both the human and macaque, but their patterning and names differ somewhat. In NeuroNames the names of gyri that are found only in the human are followed by (H); those found only in the macaque are followed by (M) ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cortical convolutions
cerebral gyri
Gyri cerebrales
cerebral gyrus
Gyri cerebri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1212
refers to the minute structures that constitute the surface of the cerebellar cortex. In cross-section they resemble leaves (Latin: folia) ( Carpenter-1983, Crosby-1962 ).
folia of cerebellum
Kleinhirnwindungen
извилины мозжечка
láminas cerebelosas
cerebellar folia
folia cerebelli
листки мозжечка
Folia cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1213
refers to surface indentations of the cerebellum. They include the primary fissure of the cerebellum, which separates the anterior lobe of the cerebellum from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum; the posterior superior fissure, the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum and the prepyramidal fissure of the posterior lobe; and the posterolateral fissure, which separates the posterior lobe of the cerebellum from the flocculonodular lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Fissure cerebelli
cerebellar fissures
Fissurae cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1214
refers to the combination of cerebellar cortex and cerebellar white matter lateral to the vermis of the cerebellum ( Carpenter-1983 ). The cortical portion of the cerebellar hemispheres is referred to as hemispheric regions of the cerebellum ( Swanson-2004 ).
hemisfer serebelum
emisfero cerebellare
Hemispherium cerebelli
hemisphere of cerebellum
hemispheric zone
cervelletto, emisfero
полушариe мозжечка
lateral lobe of cerebellum
Kleinhirnhemisphäre
zona hemisférica
cerebellar hemisphere
hemisferio cerebeloso
Hemisphaerium cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1215
denotes a structure in the pontine reticular formation. It includes parts or all of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the median raphe nucleus, the inferior central nucleus, the nucleus raphe pontis and the nucleus raphe obscurus ( Shantha-1968 ).
Nucleus dorsalis raphae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1216
denotes a structure in the medullary reticular formation. It includes parts or all of the nucleus raphe magnus and the nucleus raphe pallidus ( Shantha-1968 ).
ventral raphe
Nucleus ventralis raphae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1217
refers to two of the six thalamic fiber tracts, namely, the external medullary lamina and the internal medullary lamina ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Laminae medullares thalami
thalamic medullary laminae
мозговые пластинки таламуса
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1218
refers to nerve fibers that connect various areas of the cerebral cortex with the interbrain, the midbrain, the pons and the medulla. Major structures in which they are found include the cerebral white matter (including the internal capsule), the crus cerebri of the midbrain and the pyramidal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
projection fibers of cerebral cortex
проекционные нервные волокна
Neurofibrae projectiones
проекционные пути
fibras de proyección
Projektionsbahnen
serabut projeksi
cerebral projection fibers
fibre di proiezione
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1219
denotes fibers in the endbrain that connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. Major structures in which they are found include the cingulum and other parts of the cerebral white matter, the external capsule, the extreme capsule, the arcuate fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, and the subcallosal fasciculus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibre associative
ассoциативные нервные волокна
Assoziationsbahnen
Neurofibrae associationes
cerebral association fibers
serabut asosiasi
fibras de asociación
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1221
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain. Left and right cerebral hemispheres are separated by the longitudinal fissure. Each hemisphere is composed of cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter and basal ganglia ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cerebral hemisphere
полушарие переднего мозга
Großhirnhemisphäre
полушарие большого мозга
Endhirnhemisphäre
hemispheria cerebri
hemisfer serebrum
полушарие мозга
Halbkugel
hemispherio cerebral
emisferi cerebrali
Hemispherium cerebralis
Hemispherium cerebri
полушарие конечного мозга
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1222
refers to a composite structure that consists of the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the midbrain trigeminal nucleus, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ).
superior nucleus of cranial nerve 5 (Goldberg)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1223
denotes a composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). See also reticular formation (functional).
brainstem reticular formation
Formatio reticularis
reticular formation
Substantia reticularis
reticular formation of the brainstem
formasi retikular
ретиклярная вещество
ретикулярная формация
brain stem reticular formation
formación reticular
reticular formation (classical)
reticular formation-1
сетчатое образование
formazione reticolare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1224
refers to many nuclei in the reticular formation (classical) of the brainstem some of which contain the word "reticular", others of which do not ( Anthoney-1994 ).
reticular nuclei
nukleus-nukleus retikular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1225
refers to a set of neurons and pathways that are defined by their connections and functions. It overlaps but is not precisely coincident with the reticular formation (classical) of the brainstem ( Carpenter-1983, Anthoney-1994 ). Once believed to be a 'diffuse arousal network', a source of nonspecific activation of forebrain functions, subsequent research has indicated it to be composed of a large number of individual cell groups devoted to very specific motor and autonomic functions ( Buettner-Ennever-2004 ).
Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)
ascending activating system
aufsteigendes Aktivierungssystem
sistem pengaktivitas retikular asenden
ascending reticular activating system
reticular activating system
ascending reticular system
aufsteigendes Retikularissystem
sistema reticolare attivatore ascendente
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1226
refers to a composite structure of the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex. In humans and macaques it is located in portions of the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus, which meet at the floor of the central sulcus ( Anthoney-1994 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located on the dorsolateral area of the rostral cerebral cortex. See also sensorimotor cortex.
sensorimotor strip
corteccia sensoriomotoria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1227
refers to the nerves that attach to the brain. They include the olfactory nerve (I), optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI) and hypoglossal nerve (XII). While the cranial nerves are substructures of the peripheral nervous system, they are also superficial features (appendages) of the brain structures to which they attach ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Nervi craniales
nervios craneales
Hirnnerven
nervi cranici
cranial nerves
saraf otak
черепные нервы
Nervi encephalici
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1228
denotes the 31 pairs of nerves that exit the spinal cord. They include 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal nerve pairs. As substructures of the peripheral nervous system, they are not in the NeuroNames hierarchy ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Spinalnerven
Rückenmarksnerven
Nervi spinales
spinal nerves
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1229
allocorteccia
corteccia eterogenetica
korteks rinensefalon
corteza heterogenética
allocortex - obsolete
alocorteza
corteza heterotípica
heterogenetic cortex
Allocortex
allocortex
allokorteks
korteks heterogenetik
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1230
refers to a common alternate definition of the occipital lobe in which the boundaries with the temporal lobe and parietal lobe are defined on the lateral surface by a line connecting the preoccipital notch with the parieto-occipital sulcus. On the medial surface the boundary is defined by the parieto-occipital sulcus to the calcarine sulcus, a short segment of calcarine sulcus and a vertical line from there to the preoccipital notch ( Ono-1990 ). By this definition the fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus are subdivided into temporal and occipital portions. In NeuroNames the entire fusiform gyrus is included in the temporal lobe and the entire lingual gyrus in the occipital lobe.
occipital lobe (Ono)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1231
refers to a common alternate definition of the temporal lobe in which the boundary with the occipital lobe is defined on its lateral surface by a line connecting the preoccipital notch with the parieto-occipital sulcus. On the medial surface the boundary is defined by an approximately vertical line between the preoccipital notch and the calcarine sulcus rostral to its junction with the parieto-occipital sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). By this definition the fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus are subdivided into temporal and occipital portions. In NeuroNames the entire fusiform gyrus is included in the temporal lobe and the entire lingual gyrus in the occipital lobe.
temporal lobe (Ono)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1232
refers to a composite substructure of pontine tegmentum at its junction with the midbrain. It includes the superior medullary velum, the superior cerebellar peduncle and the decussation of the trochlear nerve ( Carpenter-1983 ).
isthmus of brainstem
istmo del rombencefalo
Isthmus rhombencephali
Isthmus-1
перешеек ромбовидного мозга
isthmus of pons
isthmus of rhombencephalon
isthmus of the hindbrain
pretrigeminal level of pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1233
refers to a functionally defined substructure of the cerebral cortex that includes portions of the supramarginal gyrus, the angular gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus. It is involved in language comprehension ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Wernicke'sches Feld
sensorisches Sprachzentrum
area Wernicke
Wernicke's area
area of Wernicke
Wernicke's speech area
Rindengebiet nach Wernicke
Wernicke-Zentrum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1234
denotes a composite substructure of the basal ganglia that consists of the globus pallidus and the putamen. Together they form a lens-shaped (lentiform) nuclear grouping ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lenticular nucleus
Linsenkern
nukleus lentikular
чечевицеобразное ядро
lentiform nuclei
nukleus lentiform
Nucleus lentiformis
lentiform nucleus
linsenförmiger Kern
nucleo lentiforme
nucleo lenticolare
Nuclei lentiformes
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1235
refers to a narrow, vertically oriented group of nerve fibers at the boundary between the crus cerebri and the internal capsule at about the level of the mammillary body. They are not readily distinguished in sections stained for myelin ( Mai-1997 ).
lentiform fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1236
refers to a composite substructure of the subthalamus. It includes the nucleus of field H and neurons scattered along pathways that originate in globus pallidus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
subthalamic reticular nucleus
nucleo reticolare subtalamico
Nucleus reticularis subthalami
nucleus of tegmental field
tegmental field nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1237
refers to a curtain of dura mater in the longitudinal fissure that separates the left hemisphere and the right cerebral hemisphere. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
falce cerebrale
Großhirnsichel
Sichel
sichelförmige Bindegewebsplatte
falks serebrum
Falx cerebri
большой серповидный отросток
falx cerebri
серп большого мозга
falx cerebri
hoz del cerebro
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1238
refers to a curtain of dura mater that partially separates the right cerebellar hemisphere and the left cerebellar hemisphere. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
falce cerebellare
малый серповидный отросток
falx cerebelli
falx cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
серп мозжечка
hoz del cerebelo
Kleinhirnsichel
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1239
refers to an angiographically defined vascular pattern in the vicinity of the insula ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Sylvian triangle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1240
refers to a thin layer of dura mater in the transverse cerebral fissure that separates the cerebral cortex from the cerebellar cortex. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Kleinhirnzelt
tentorium
tentorio del cervelletto
tienda del cerebelo
tentorio cerebellare
Tentorium cerebelli
намет мозжечка
cerebellar tentorium
палатка мозжечка
tentorium cerebelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1241
refers to a location in the tectum ventrolateral to the inferior colliculus between the lateral lemniscus and the surface of the brainstem that contains the parabigeminal nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
parabigeminal area
area parabigeminale
Area parabigemina
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1242
refers to accumulations of highly-vascularized, functionally specialized tissues distributed principally along the midline of the ventricular system from the forebrain to the hindbrain. They include the subfornical organ, the organum vasculosum, the median eminence, the neurohypophysis, the pineal gland, the subcommissural organ and the area postrema. Some authors include the choroid plexus ( Carpenter-1983, McKinley-1990 ). They are commonly classified as either humerosensory system or secretory circumventricular organs ( Duvernoy-2007 ).
zirkumventrikuläre Organe
órganos circunventriculares
circumventricular organs
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1243
denotes the nuclear mass lying between the fastigial nucleus and the dentate nucleus in the cerebellar white matter of non-primate mammals, such as the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is topologically equivalent to the combined globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus of the primate cerebellar nuclei ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Anatomists segment the nucleus differently. In the Functional CNS - Rat it consists of two parts: the main part of the interposed nucleus and the parvicellular part of the interposed nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). In a mouse brain atlas it consists of four parts based on separation of cell groups by fiber bundles: anteror, dorsolateral hump, posterior and posterior parvicellular parts ( Franklin-2008 ). In another atlas of the rat brain it consists of those four parts plus a dorsomedial crest part ( Paxinos-2009b ).
interposed nucleus of the cerebellum
nukleus interpositus
interposed nucleus
nucleus interpositus
núcleos interpósitos
núcleo interpósito
Nuclei interpositi
interposed cerebellar nucleus
Nucleus interpositus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1244
refers to nuclei of the hindbrain that have substantial projections to the cerebellum. These include the nucleus intercalatus, the nucleus prepositus, the sublingual nucleus, the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the solitary nucleus, the locus ceruleus and the raphe nuclei (classical) ( Carpenter-1983 ).
núcleos precerebelosos
nuclei precerebellari
precerebellar nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1245
refers to a structure in the hypothalamus of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) ( Stephan-1980 ).
Area commissurae postopticae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1246
refers to a composite substructure of the cerebral peduncle that consists of the crus cerebri and the substantia nigra ( Carpenter-1983 ).
основание ножек мозга
basis pedunculorum cerebralium
передняя часть ножки мозга
Pars basalis mesencephali
вентральная часть ножки мозга
basal portion of midbrain
Basis mesencephali
Pedunculus cerebralis
basal part of the midbrain
Basis pedunculi cerebri
Basis pedunculorum
основание ножки мозга
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1247
represents a fiber pathway connecting forebrain structures involved in olfaction with the midbrain. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Riley-1943 ).
Tractus olfactomesencephalicus
Tractus olfacto-mesencephalicus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1248
refers to a group of nerve cells in the midbrain tegmentum ( Riley-1943 ).
Nucleus medianus anuli aquaeducti
Nucleus medianus anuli aqueductus
Nucleus magnocellularis medialis anuli aqueductus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1249
refers to a group of nerve cells in the midbrain tegmentum ( Riley-1943 ).
Nucleus lateralis anuli aqueductus
Nucleus magnocellularis lateralis anuli aqueductus
Nucleus lateralis anuli aquaeducti
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1250
refers to a group of nerve cells in the inferior olivary complex of the medulla ( Kusama-1970 ).
Nucleus olivaris dissipatus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1251
refers to a composite structure in the pontine tegmentum that consists of the lateral parabrachial nucleus and medial parabrachial nucleus ( Oertel-1969 ).
nuclei parabranchiali
Nucleus parabrachialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1252
refers to a triangular substructure of the ventral tegmental area that is located between the substantia nigra and the interpeduncular nucleus ( Oertel-1969 ).
Nucleus paranigralis
paranigral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1253
refers to a group of nerve cells in the midbrain tegmentum that is less prominent in humans than in some other mammals ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus annularis
annular nucleus
Nucleus compactus interfascicularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1254
refers to a group of nerve cells in the midline nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).
Nucleus rotundus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1255
refers to a group of nerve cells caudal to the red nucleus in the midbrain of the human ( Riley-1943 ).
Nucleus lateralis mesencephali
reticularis medullae pedunculi
Nucleus lateralis mesencephali (Marburg)
Nucleus motorius dissipatus formationis
Nucleus lateralis pararubralis
Nucleus motorius tegmento-bigeminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1256
refers to a group of nerve cells in the dorsal midbrain tegmentum and the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum at the junction of the midbrain and the pons. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is the only nucleus embedded in the pontine central gray that is functionally part of the behavioral state system; the others belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1257
refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
lateroventral tegmental nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1258
refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
nucleus papilliformis
Nucleus papilliformis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1259
refers to a group of cells located in the vicinity of the ansa lenticularis ventral to the globus pallidus and lateral to the optic tract ( Riley-1943 ).
Nucleus hypolenticularis
Nucleus tegmentalis anterior (Riley)
Nucleus commissurae supraopticae dorsalis (Meynert)
Nucleus subputaminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1260
refers to a structure in the vicinity of the vestibular nuclei of the pons ( Shantha-1968 ).
Radices descendentes nervi vestibulari
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1262
refers to a substructure of the optic tract ( Nomina-1983 ).
Tractus opticus, radix medialis
медиальный корешок
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1263
refers to a substructure of the optic tract ( Nomina-1983 ).
Tractus opticus, radix lateralis
латеральный корешок
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1264
refers to the lower margin of the cerebral cortex as viewed from the side ( Nomina-1983 ).
Margo inferolateralis
Margo inferior
нижнелатеральный край
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1265
refers to the medial margin of the cerebral cortex as viewed from below ( Nomina-1983 ).
Margo medialis
Margo inferomedialis
нижнемедиальный край
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1266
refers to the upper margin of the cerebral cortex viewed from the side ( Nomina-1983 ).
верхний край
Margo superior
Margo superomedialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1267
refers to a structure in the lateral ventricle ( Nomina-1983 ).
луковица заднего рога (латерального желудочка)
Bulbus cornus occipitalis
Bulbus cornus posterioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1268
refers to a subarachnoid space near the caudal end of the spinal cord. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cisterna lumbar
lumbar cistern
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1269
refers to an area in the medulla posterior to the inferior olivary complex ( Nomina-1983 ).
Area retro-olivaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1270
refers to a subdivision of the periamygdalar area that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the ventral portion adjacent to the basolateral nuclear group ( Amaral-1992 ).
cortical amygdaloid transition area
cortical amygdalar transition area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1271
refers to a group of nerve cells in the rostral intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus ( Kusama-1970 ).
Nucleus centralis lateralis inferior thalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1272
refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis densocellularis, the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami, the Nucleus centralis latocellularis, and the Nucleus centralis intermedialis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus centralis superior thalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1273
refers to a group of nerve cells that bridges the midline of the thalamus between the anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus of the left and right sides ( Swanson-2004 ). It is more developed and consistently present in rodents than in primates ( Crosby-1962 ). It is part of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).
Nucleus interanterodorsalis
Nucleus commissura interanterodorsalis
interanterodorsal nucleus thalamus
interanterodorsal thalamic nucleus
interanterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1274
refers to a group of nerve cells in the midline of the thalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus interanteroventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1275
refers to one of three zones of the hypothalamus when it is subdivided by planes parallel to the midline. The others are the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus and the lateral zone of the hypothalamus. It is identical to the medial zone of the hypothalamus except that it excludes nuclei of the preoptic area and includes the dorsal hypothalamic area ( Crosby-1962 ).
medial hypothalamic zone (Crosby)
middle hypothalamic zone (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1276
refers to a group of nerve cells in the medullary reticular formation ( Shantha-1968 ).
Nucleus reticularis magnocellularis
Nucleus magnocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1277
refers to a group of nerve cells in the intralaminar nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).
Nucleus subfascicularis, pars magnocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1278
refers to a group of nerve cells in the intralaminar nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).
Nucleus subfascicularis, pars parvocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1279
refers to a composite substructure of the tectum that consists of the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus of both sides of the brainstem ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Lamina tecti
пластинка крыши
пластинка четверохолмия
lamina quadrigemina tecti
Lamina collicularis
Corpus quadrigemina
Lamina tectalis
Tuberculum quadrigeminus
Lamina quadrigemina
corpora quadrigemina
Corpora quadrigemina
тела четверохолмия
Vierhügelplatte
lamina kuadrigemina
Corpus quadrigeminum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1280
refers to a group of nerve cells in the subthalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).
Nucleus area H1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1281
refers to a group of nerve cells in the subthalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).
Nucleus area H2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1282
refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Nomina-1983 ).
Nucleus corporis trapezoidei posterior
заднее ядро трапециевидного телa
Nucleus dorsalis corporis trapezoidei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1283
refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Nomina-1983 ).
Nucleus ventralis corporis trapezoidei
Nucleus corporis trapezoidei anterior
переднее ядро трапециевидного тело
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1284
refers to a group of nerve cells in the superior salivatory nucleus in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
lacrimal nucleus
Nucleus lacrimalis
слезное ядро
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1285
refers to a group of nerve cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).
Nucleus paraventricularis anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1286
refers to a group of nerve cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).
Nucleus paraventricularis posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1287
refers to a group of nerve cells in the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).
Nucleus ventralis medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1288
refers to a structure in the lateral nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).
capsule of nucleus lateralis dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1289
refers to a subdivision of the medullary body of the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
anterior cerebellar commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1290
refers to a structure that is part of the medullary body of the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Commissura cerebellaris inferior
Decussatio posterior cerebelli
posterior cerebellar commissure
inferior cerebellar decussation
inferior cerebellar commissure
Decussatio cerebellaris inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1291
refers to a predominantly white structure surrounding the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).
capsule of anterior nuclei
capsule of the anterior nuclear group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1292
refers to one of two subdivisions of the area 24 of Brodmann (human). The other is the Area infraradiata dorsalis ( Stephan-1975 ).
Area medioradiata
Regio medioradiata
Subregio medioradiata
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1293
refers to a composite substructure of the interbrain that is composed of the dorsal thalamus (Crosby), which approximates the thalamus of NeuroNames, and ventral thalamus (Crosby), which includes the subthalamus and other structures ( Crosby-1962 ).
thalamus (Crosby)
thalamus (Swanson)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1294
refers to a composite substructure of the brain that consists of the subthalamic nucleus, the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis, the nucleus of field H and the zona incerta of the subthalamus, as well as rostral continuations of two midbrain structures, the red nucleus and the substantia nigra ( Crosby-1962 ).
ventral thalamus (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1295
is a myeloarchitectural term referring to a subdivision of the superior colliculus ( Nomina-1983 ).
Stratum alba colliculi superioris
Stratum alba colliculi rostralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1296
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the deepest cell layer in the cerebellar cortex. It consists of densely packed granule cells and the cell bodies of both large and small Golgi-type neurons ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Körnerzellschicht
lapis dalam korteks otak-kecil
lapis granula korteks otak-kecil
strato granulare della corteccia cerebellare
зерлнистый слой
capa granulosa
granular layer of the cerebellar cortex
Stratum granulosum (cerebelli)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1297
is a cytoarchitectural term referring to a subdivision of the superior colliculus ( Nomina-1983 ).
Stratum griseum profundum
серый слой верхнего холмика
Stratum grisea colliculi rostralis
Stratum grisea colliculi superioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1298
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the middle layer of cerebellar cortex. This layer is characterized by very large, bottle-shaped neurons that are regularly spaced and possess flattened fanlike dendritic arborizations, which extend into the more superficial molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).
ганглионарный слой
capa de células de Purkinje
Purkinje-Zellschicht
Stratum purkinjense
strato delle cellule di Purkinje
strato di Purkinje
слой грушевидных нейронов
cerebellar cortex, Purkinje layer
Purkinje cell layer
Stratum neurium piriformium
Stratum neuronorum piriformium
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1299
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the most superficial layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer is characterized by basket and stellate cells. The term plexiform layer of cerebellar cortex is a synonym based on the myeloarchitecture, which consists of thin, densely packed axons coursing parallel to the long axis of the cerebellar folia, delicate terminal axons and rich dendritic ramifications ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cerebellar cortex, molecular layer
molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex
plexiform layer of cerebellar cortex
Molekularschicht
Stratum plexiforme
lapis luar korteks otak-kecil
lapis molekul korteks otak-kecil
Stratum moleculare (cerebelli)
capa molecular de la corteza cerebelosa
strato molecolare della corteccia cerebellare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1300
refers to a clusters of nerve cells in the medulla ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nuclei conterminalis
Nucleus conterminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1301
refers to a structure in the pontine tegmentum ( Oertel-1969 ).
Decussatio fibrarum vestibularium
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1302
refers to the midline portion of the transverse pontine fibers in the basal pons ( Roberts-1970 ).
Decussatio pontis
Decussatio ventralis pontis
ventral decussation of the pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1303
refers to the portion of the trapezoid body that spans the midline in the medulla ( Oertel-1969 ).
Decussatio corporis trapezoidei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1304
refers to the large bundle of fibers located between the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord and the anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord. It contains several prominent tracts including the anterior intersegmental tract, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord, the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
ventral white column
fascicolo anteriore
cordón anterior
ventral funiculus
Vorderstrang
Funiculus ventralis
anterior white column
anterior funiculus
Fasciculus ventralis
kolom anterior
Funiculus anterior
funikel anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1305
refers to one of three components of the reticulotegmental nucleus in the ventral pontine tegmentum where it meets the basal pons. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ) and the macaque ( Oertel-1969 ). The other components are the medial tegmental process and the lateral tegmental process Functionally the reticulotegmental nucleus belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
supralemniscal process
supralemniscal process of Olszewski and Baxter
Processus griseum pontis supralemniscalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1307
refers to a group of nerve cells in the medullary reticular formation ( Oertel-1969 ).
Nucleus parvocellularis compactus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1308
refers to a cell-poor region in the lateral portion of the pontine tegmentum identified by Nissl stain in the human ( Riley-1943 ), the macaque ( Oertel-1969 ), the rat ( BAMS ), the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) and the cat ( Beneyto-1998 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Sagulum
sagulum
nucleus sagulum
sagulum nucleus
Nucleus sagulum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1309
refers to a layer of cells in the medulla ( Oertel-1969 ).
Stratum gliosum subependymale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1310
refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Oertel-1969 ).
Nucleus supravestibularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1311
refers to a composite structure that includes the inferior medullary velum and the superior medullary velum, which cover the fourth ventricle ( Riley-1943 ).
Tegmen ventriculi quarti
крыша четвёртого желудочка
roof of the fourth ventricle
Tegmen fossae rhomboidei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1312
denotes a branch from the superior temporal sulcus into the superior temporal gyrus at about midpoint. Identified by dissection ( Szikla-1977; Duvernoy-1992 ) it is found only in the human.
acoustic sulcus
sulcus acousticus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1313
denotes a superficial feature of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex ( Szikla-1977 ).
Sulcus cunei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1314
represents a superficial feature of the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human cerebral cortex ( Szikla-1977 ). The location corresponds to that of the cingulate sulcus that separates the main cingulate gyrus from the external cingulate gyrus in individuals who have a double cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-1995 ).
intralimbic sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1315
represents the medial bank of the superior frontal gyrus that faces the longitudinal fissure ( Ono-1990 ).
medial frontal gyrus
Gyrus frontalis medialis
Gyrus frontalis superior pars medialis
медиальная лобная извилина
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1316
refers to a portion of the transition between the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex in the Macaca nemestrina ( Winters-1969 ).
Gyrus parietalis occipitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1319
represents a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the hindbrain. These fibers, the corticospinal tract and the corticopontine fibers, make up the longitudinal pontine fibers of the basal pons. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
traktus kortikobulbar
fibras corticobulbares
Tractus corticobulbaris
Fibrae corticobulbares laterales
corticonuclear projections
serabut kortikobulbar
fibre corticobulbari
корково-ядерный путь
Tractus corticonuclearis
corticonuclear fibers
Fibrae corticonucleares
корково-ядерные волокна
corticobulbar fibers
corticobulbar tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1320
refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Its fibers originate from pyramidal neurons of the precentral gyrus, and on their way to the spinal cord, they pass through parts of the cerebral white matter (including the posterior limb of the internal capsule), the crus cerebri, the longitudinal pontine fibers, the pyramid of the medulla (where they are known as the pyramidal tract) and the pyramidal decussation. In the ducussation, some fibers cross to the other side of the brainstem to form the lateral corticospinal tract. Those fibers that do not cross split to form the anterolateral corticospinal tract and the anterior corticospinal tract. The pathway is not readily distinguished in myelin stained cross-sections of the cerebral white matter ( Carpenter-1983 ).
corticospinal fibers
корково-спинномозговые волокна
traktus piramidal
traktus serebrospinal
fibre corticospinali
Fibrae corticospinales
Tractus corticospinalis
Tractus cortico-spinalis
Pyramidenbahn
haz corticoespínal
Fasciculus cerebro-spinalis
corticospinal tract
traktus kortikospinal
tratto corticospinale
fibras corticoespinales
корково-спинномозговой путь
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1321
usually refers to the corticospinal tract and the corticobulbar fibers that innervate the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves ( Anthoney-1994 ).
Pyramidenbahn-System
Pyramidensystem
pyramidales System
pyramidal system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1322
refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the pons. It includes frontopontine fibers, parietopontine fibers, temporopontine fibers and occipitopontine fibers. These and the corticospinal tract and corticobulbar fibers, make up the longitudinal pontine fibers of the basal pons. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
corticopontine fibers
kortikopontine Fasern
fibre corticopontine
корково-мостовые волокна
fibras corticoprotuberanciales
Großhirnbrückenbahn
traktus kortikopontin
Fibrae corticopontinae
Tractus corticopontinus
corticopontine tract
serabut kortikopontin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1323
refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the reticular formation of the brainstem. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibre corticoreticolari
Fibrae corticoreticulares
корково-ретикулярные волокна
serabut kortikoretikuler
fibras corticorreticulares
corticoreticular fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1324
refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the red nucleus of the midbrain. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
serabut kortikorubral
corticorubral fibers
kortikorubrale Fasern
traktus kortikorubral
корково-красноядерные волокна
corticorubral tract
Fibrae corticorubrales
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1325
represents a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the thalamus that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
corticothalamic fibers
Fibrae corticothalamicae
корково-таламические волокна
corticothalamic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1326
represents a fiber pathway coursing through the crus cerebri to connect the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex with the pons. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
frontopontine fibers
Stirnhirn-Brückenbahn
serabut frontopontin
Tractus frontopontinus
лобно-мостовой путь
fibre frontopontine
лобно-мостовые волокна
frontale Großhirn-Brückenbahn
fibras frontoprotuberanciales
frontopontine tract
tratto frontopontino
Fibrae frontopontinae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1327
represents a fiber pathway that courses through the crus cerebri to connect the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex with the pons. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
parietopontine fibers
parietopontine tract
Tractus parietopontinae
Fibrae parietopontinae
fibre pontini parietali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1328
represents a fiber pathway that courses through the crus cerebri to connect the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex with the pons. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
occipitopontine fibers
occipitopontine tract
fibre pontini occipitali
Tractus occipitopontinus
Fibrae occipitopontinae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1329
represents a fiber pathway that courses through the crus cerebri to connect the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex with the pons. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibre pontini temporali
Turck's bundle
bundle of Turck
temporopontine tract
temporal corticopontine tract
Tractus temporopontinus
temporopontine fibers
Fibrae temporopontinae
височно-мостовые волокна
tratto temporopontino
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1330
represents fiber projections within the thalamus that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Nomina-1983 ).
Fibrae intrathalamicae
внутриталамические волокна
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1331
represents fibers within the hypothalamus that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Nomina-1983 ).
паравентрикулярные волокна
Fibrae paraventriculares
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1332
represents a fiber pathway that courses through the crus cerebri to connect the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex with the pons. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Riley-1943 ).
Fibrae parietotemporopontinae
теменно-височно-мостовые волокна
теменно-затылочно-мостовой пучок
Tractus parieto-temporo-pontinus
Fasciculus parieto-temporo-pontinus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1333
represents fibers within the hypothalamus that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Nomina-1983 ).
Fibrae supraopticae
супраоптические волокна
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1334
represents a fiber pathway connecting the thalamus to the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
thalamoparietal fibers
Tractus thalamoparietalis
Fibrae thalamoparietales
таламо-теменные волокна
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1335
represents a composite substructure of corticopontine fibers that includes parietopontine fibers, temporopontine fibers and occipitopontine fibers. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).
Fasciculus parieto-occipitopontinus
Tractus parietotemporo-occipitopontinus
parietotemporo-occipitopontine tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1336
refers to fiber pathways radiating from the corpus callosum of the cerebral white matter that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).
Radiatio corporis callosi
лучистость мозолистого тела
radiación del cuerpo calloso
radiations of the corpus callosum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1337
refers to fiber pathways in the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter that connect the nuclear groups of the thalamus with the cerebral cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).
They include the anterior thalamic radiations, the posterior thalamic radiations, the superior thalamic radiations and the inferior thalamic radiations. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and thalamic radiations see Anthoney-1994.
таламо-кортикальные волокна
thalamocortical radiations
Radiatio thalamocorticalis
thalamocortical tract
Tractus thalamocorticalis
fibras talamocorticales
thalamic radiations
fibre talamocorticali
radiazioni talamocorticale
radiazioni talamiche
radiaciones talamocorticales
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1338
refers to a gyrus buried within the central sulcus ( Anthoney-1994 ).
deep transitional gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1339
refers to gyri buried within the central sulcus ( Anthoney-1994 ).
interlocking gyri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1340
refers to a gyrus buried within the calcarine sulcus of the human ( Anthoney-1994 ).
anterior cuneolingual gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1341
refers to the junction of the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus on the medial surface of the cerebral cortex. It lies across the boundary between the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ).
paracentral lobule
lobulo paracentrale
lobus parasentral
парацентральная долька
lobulillo paracentral
lóbulo paracentral
paracentral gyrus
lobule paracentral
Lobulus paracentralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1342
refers to the anterior portion of the paracentral lobule. It is part of the frontal lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral cortex ( Crosby-1962 ).
anterior paracentral gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1343
refers to the posterior portion of the paracentral lobule. It is part of the parietal lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral cortex ( Crosby-1962 ).
posterior paracentral gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1344
refers to a composite, predominantly white matter substructure of the subthalamus. Defined in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Shantha-1968 ) it consists of field H, field H1 and field H2 . Cells scattered among the fibers of field H constitute the nucleus of field H ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the cellular component predominates; see nucleus of field H.
fields of Forel
Forel-Feld
Forel'sches Feld
Campus Forelli
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1345
refers to a fiber pathway in the metencephalon that connects the pons with the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
pontozerebelläre Fasern
fibras pontocerebelosas
Tractus pontocerebellaris
мостомозжечковые волокна
traktus pontoserebelar
pontocerebellar tract
Fibrae pontocerebellares
pontocerebellar fibers
serabut pontoserebelar
мосто-мозжечковый путь
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1346
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the vestibular nuclei with the oculomotor nuclear complex. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1347
refers to a classification of the human cerebral cortex into 109 subdivisions based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture by von Economo ( Carpenter-1983 ).
areas of Economo
Economo's areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1348
refers to areas of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of their connectivity. Most projections to and from association areas are cortico-cortical. Association cortex is found in parts of the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ).
association cortex
association areas of cortex
cortical association areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1349
refers to a group of structures related by direct or indirect connectivity to the area 17 of Brodmann (human) and functionally involved primarily in vision. They include the area 18 of Brodmann (human), the area 19 of Brodmann (human) and adjacent areas in the parietal lobe and temporal lobe ( Zilles-1990 ).
extrastriate areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1350
refers to a part of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of multiple histologic criteria and identified with the mediation of sensations originating from the skin, muscles and joints of the body ( Kaas-2004 ). The area was mapped functionally by evoked potentials to light touch in several mammalian species ( Woolsey-1958 ). In the human and macaque it is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ) and is commonly referred to as the anterior parietal cortex ( Kaas-2012 ). In the human, proceeding caudally from the central sulcus, it is identified with the cytoarchitecturally defined area 3a of Vogts, area 3b of Vogts, area 1 of Brodmann (human) and area 2 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-1990 ). In the macaque it is identified with the equivalent areas of Vogts, area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Powell-1959; Paxinos-2009a ). Defined cytoarchitecturally in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is a wide horizontal strip on the dorsolateral aspect of the rostral two thirds of the cerebral cortex; it is bounded ventrally by the secondary somatosensory cortex and dorsomedially by the primary motor cortex. That area in rodents corresponds to area 3b in primates. Different authors subdivide the primary somatosensory area of rodents into six to nine subareas. All include the whisker sensory area, the nose sensory area, the mouth sensory area, the upper limb sensory area, the trunk sensory area and the lower limb sensory area, ( Swanson-2004, Paxinos-2009b ). In the Functional CNS Model - Rat the primary somatosensory area is classified as one of two somatosensory areas. The other is the secondary somatosensory cortex ( Swanson-2004 ).
primary somesthetic area
somatic sensory I
somatosensory strip
somatic area I
postcentral tactile area
primary somatosensory area
primäre somatosensorische Rinde
area 1,2 dan 3
area sensoria somatica I
area somestetik reseptif primer
korteks sensorik somatik primer
area sensorik somatik primer
area somatik I
korteks somestetik primer
primary somesthetic cortex
primary somatic sensory area
primary somatosensory areas
area somestesica primaria
corteccia somesterica
área somatestésica primaria
área somatosensoral SS I
somatic afferent area I
anterior parietal cortex
Gebiet SI
corteccia sensoria
SI cortex
primary somatosensory cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1351
refers to the major, rostral part of the frontal lobe in primates. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is six-layered granular and dysgranular neocortex. It is composed of lateral prefrontal cortex and orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The lateral prefrontal cortex is commonly divided into dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; and the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex is commonly divided into orbital prefrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex.They are found in the human and the macaque. The rat, and presumably the mouse, have areas near the frontal pole that are cytoarchitecturally equivalent (agranular cortex) to some of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, but not to the granular lateral prefrontal cortex ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).
Historically, application of the term ‘prefrontal cortex’ has varied greatly. As used here it refers to the most inclusive current definition. For the human that includes current definitions of all of Brodmann's frontal region (areas 8-12 and 44-47) and the three most rostral areas of Brodmann's cingulate region (24, 25, and 32) ( Zilles-2012 ). The macaque equivalent is prefrontal cortex (Walker). According to that definition the prefrontal cortex occupies all of the frontal lobe rostral to the premotor cortex.
Many authors have restricted application of the term 'prefrontal' to fewer areas. Brodmann himself applied it only to area 11 of Brodmann (human). Many include only his frontal region in the definition ( Anthoney-1994 ), or only Brodmann's parcellation of the orbital gyri ( Crosby-1962 ), or only areas of the lateral prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe located rostral to the motor cortex ( Petrides-2012 ).
Most prefrontal cortical areas have a distinct internal granular layer, which is unique to the frontal areas rostral to the agranular motor cortex of primates ( Zilles-2012 ). In the rat, the cerebral cortex located most rostrally, that is, at the frontal pole, is motor cortex and lacks an internal granular layer, Layer IV ( Swanson-2004 ).Thus, while a PubMed search for articles with keywords 'prefrontal cortex in rat' results in a list of more than 8,000 citations, brain atlases of the rat ( Swanson-2004, Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ) do not show an area by that name.
prefrontal cortex
praefrontale Kortexareale
prefrontal area
prefrontal cortex (Zilles)
prefrontal region
praefrontaler Kortex
präfrontale Kortexareale
präfrontaler Kortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1352
refers to one of four cytoarchitecturally defined substructures of prefrontal cortex in the human. It is agranular cortex located in the anterior cingulate gyrus and the subcallosal area on the medial surface of the frontal lobe. It includes area 24a, area 24b, area 25, area 32ac and area 32pl in the human ( Ongur-2003 ). The other parts are the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and orbital prefrontal cortex. The equivalent structure in the macaque includes all three divisions of area 24 (macaque), area 25 (macaque) and area 32 (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). For possible equivalents in the rat, see orbital areas (rodent).
medial prefrontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1353
refers to regions of the cerebral cortex and amygdala that are variably defined on the basis of motor responses elicited by direct electrical stimulation ( Crosby-1962 ).
supplementary motor areas (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1354
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of function, namely the perception of pure tones and pitch. In the human it is located in the transverse temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe. There the anatomic substrate is area 41 of Brodmann, area Tc of Economo ( Zilles-2004 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the neural substrate is an area on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex located between the dorsal auditory areas and the ventral auditory areas. Some authors distinguish a posterior auditory area as distinct from the primary area in the rat (Swanson-2004).
area uditiva primaria
corteccia uditiva primaria
área auditiva primaria
auditory core region
primary auditory cortex
corteza auditiva primaria
korteks pendengaran primer
primäre Hörrinde
primary auditory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1355
refers to a portion of the temporal lobe located adjacent to the primary auditory area and variously defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, connectivity and function. It occupies primarily the superior temporal gyrus where it is roughly comparable to the area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-1990 ).
magnopyramidal region of Braak
temporoparietal area, Tpt of Galaburda
magnopyramidal temporal belt
auditory parasensory association cortex
magnopyramidal temporal field
perisylvian language area
auditory association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1356
refers to a portion of the temporal lobe defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and connectivity. It occupies primarily the fusiform gyrus and the polar portions of the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus ( Zilles-1990 ).
paralimbic association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1357
refers to a portion of the temporal lobe defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and connectivity. It occupies primarily the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus ( Zilles-1990 ).
visual parasensory association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1358
refers to the areas of cerebral cortex involved functionally in taste perception. The locations to which it is attributed varies by species, by method of detection, and by author.
In primates it involves the frontoparietal operculum and the anterior insula. fMRI studies in the human suggest that the primary areas are in the ventroanterior part of the right anterior insula with smaller areas located bilaterally in dorsal parts of anterior insula and the long insular gyri. Areas in which gustation is associated with other functions include all of the ventral part, and a small area near the dorsal boundary of, the anterior insula ( Fig. 3 in Kurth-2010b ).
All studies of the macaque agree to a location on the inner and horizontal surfaces of the frontoparietal operculum, the portions of the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus that overlie the dorsal part of the insula, which are identified as area OFO of Roberts ( Mesulam-1984 ) or area Gu of Paxinos (macaque) ( Paxinos-2009a ). That area receives a direct projection from the gustatory relay nucleus in the thalamus, i.e., the parvicellular part of the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPMpc). Reports differ with regard to the internal structure of the frontal operculum area; some label it granular ( Mesulam-1984 ), others dysgranular ( Pritchard-2012 ). Additional projections have been traced to adjacent dorsal parts of granular insula and dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts). Some have interpreted these to represent secondary gustatory areas ( Sewards-2001 ).
In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ), the gustatory cortex is identified with the dysgranular insula.
gustatory cortex
primary taste cortex
gustatory areas
area gustativa
área gustativa
área del gusto
area Gu of Paxinos (macaque)
gustatory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1359
refers to the junction of the spinal cord and hindbrain in the embryo ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cervical flexure
fleksur servikal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1360
refers to the junction of the midbrain and hindbrain in the embryo ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cephalic flexure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1361
refers to the boundary between the metencephalon and medulla in the embryo ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fleksur pons
pontine flexure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1362
refers to the embryologic structure that gives rise to the nervous system ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Neuralplatte
neural plate
lempeng neural
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1363
refers to an embryologic structure that is formed by the elevation of a neural fold bilaterally on the margins of the neural plate ( Carpenter-1983 ).
alur neural
Neuralrinne
neural groove
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1364
refers to an embryologic structure that develops as a result of accelerated growth near the margin of the neural plate relative to that of the midline. Two neural folds bound the neural groove ( Carpenter-1983 ).
neural fold
lipat neural
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1365
refers to an embryologic structure that develops as a result of the proliferation of cells in the neural plate to form a neural fold on each of its margins. As the neural groove between the folds deepens the neural folds fuse dorsally to form the neural tube ( Carpenter-1983 ).
neural tube
Neuralrohr
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1366
refers to an embryologic structure that develops from cells that originate from the thin lateral margins of the neural plate. These cells migrate to the midline dorsal to the neural tube to form the neural crest and then continue to migrate in the body to give rise to the primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves ( Carpenter-1983 ).
neural crest
krista neural
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1367
denotes an embryologic structure, the middle layer of the neural tube, which becomes the gray matter of the brain and the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
mantle layer of the neural tube
lapis mantel
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1368
denotes an embryologic structure, the external layer of the neural tube, which becomes the white matter of the brain and the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lapis marginal
marginal layer of the neural tube
lapis tepian
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1369
denotes an embryologic structure, namely, the internal layer of the neural tube. It gives rise to the ependyma which lines the ventricular system of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lapis matriks
ependymal layer of the neural tube
lapis ependim
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1370
refers to an embryologic structure that develops as a result of the proliferation of ectodermal cells in the mantle layer of that portion of the neural tube that is developing into the spinal cord. Each of the two alar plates is a small posterior thickening of the mantle layer of neural tube that becomes a posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lempeng dorsal
alar lamina
dorsal lamina
alar plate
lempeng alar
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1371
refers to an embryologic structure that develops into the roof of the fourth ventricle of the hindbrain as a result of the proliferation of ectodermal cells in the mantle layer of neural tube ( Carpenter-1983 ).
roof plate
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1372
refers to an embryologic structure that develops as a result of the proliferation of ectodermal cells in the mantle layer of the portion the neural tube that is developing into the spinal cord. Each of the basal plates is a relatively large anterior thickening of the mantle layer of neural tube that becomes an anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
basal plate
lempeng basal
ventral lamina
lempeng ventral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1373
refers to the embryologic structure that becomes the cerebellum. The dorsolateral portion of the alar plate on each side of the metencephalon bends posteromedially to form a rhombic lip; the lips fuse to form the cerebellar plate ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cerebellar plate
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1374
refers to the embryologic structure that is formed by two longitudinal eminences, one on each alar plate of the midbrain. These eminences become the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Lamina quadrigemina
piatto quadrigemino
quadrigeminal plate
Vierhügelplatte
tetto quadrigemino
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1375
refers to an embryologic structure that is one of three dilations of the neural tube, embryonic precursors to the forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cerebral vesicle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1376
refers to an embryologic invagination of the metencephalon that results from formation of the pontine flexure. It is the precursor of the fourth ventricle ( Carpenter-1983 ).
transverse rhombencephalic sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1377
refers to the granular tissue that secretes cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles of the brain. It includes the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle, the choroid plexus of the third ventricle and the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle ( Carpenter-1983 ).
chorioid plexus
Plexus choroidae
сосудистое сплетение
plesso corioideo
Plexus choroidei
pleksus koroid
plexo coroideo
choroid plexus
Plexus choroideus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1378
refers to a connective tissue membrane that physically supports the choroid plexus of the ventricular system ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Tela choroidea
tela coroidea
tela choroidea
tela corioidea
tela koroid
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1379
(GSA) refers to the peripheral processes of bipolar neurons that provide sensory innervation of the skin and body wall. These neurons send central processes to the spinal cord via their dorsal root fibers or to the hindbrain via cranial nerves: the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve ( Carpenter-1983 ).
allgemein somatoafferente Kerne (ASA)
afferente somatica generale
general somatic afferents
somatic sensory fibers
fibre afferenti generali somatiche
general somatic afferent fibers
afferente somatico generale
somatomotorische Kerne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1380
(GSE) refers to the peripheral processes of motoneurons that project via cranial nerves (the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the abducens nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve) or via ventral root fibers of the spinal cord to provide motor innervation of the skeletal, volitional muscles ( Carpenter-1983 ).
efferenze somatiche generali
general somatic efferent fibers
allgemein somatoefferente Kerne (ASE)
somatic motor fibers
generell somatomotorische Kerne
myomeric efferents
somatomotor fibers
efferente somatico generale
general somatic efferents
generell somato-efferente Kerne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1381
(GVA) refers to the peripheral processes of ganglion neurons of the spinal cord or brainstem that provide sensory innervation of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. These neurons send their central processes via dorsal root fibers or cranial nerves (the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve) to the spinal cord or hindbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
general visceral afferents
allgemein viszeroafferente Kerne (AVA)
afferente viscerale generale
general visceral afferent fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1382
(GVE) refers to the visceral efferent fibers of brainstem neurons that project through cranial nerves (the oculomotor nerve, the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve) or preganglionic neurons of the spinal cord that project to postganglionic visceral efferent neurons. These postganglionic cells innervate the smooth muscle and glandular epithelium of the body ( Carpenter-1983 ).
general visceral efferents
fibre efferenti generali viscerali
efferenze viscerali generali
general visceral efferent fibers
allgemein viszeroefferente Kerne (AVE)
postganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers
efferente viscerale generale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1383
(SSA) refers to those afferents innervating the organs of special sensation such as the cochlea or vestibule. These afferents project centrally through the vestibulocochlear nerve to terminate in the vestibular nuclei and the cochlear nuclei ( Carpenter-1983 ).
afferente somatica speciale
speziell somatoafferente Kerne (SSA)
special somatic afferents
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1384
(SVA) refers to nerve fibers in the cranial nerves that innervate the tongue and epiglottis and convey taste information to the gustatory nucleus in the rostral part of the solitary nucleus. Olfactory nerve afferents are considered special visceral afferents, as are the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors innervated by the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the vagus nerve ( Carpenter-1983 )
special visceral afferents
speziell viszeroafferente Kerne (SVA)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1385
(SVE) refers to nerve fibers that innervate the voluntary striated muscles of the larynx and pharynx and the muscles of facial expression and mastication. These efferents are found in the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, the vagus nerve and the accessory nerve ( Carpenter-1983 ).
speziell viszeroefferente Kerne (SVE)
branchiomotor fibers
fibre efferenti viscerali speciali
efferente viscerale speciale
branchial efferents
special visceral efferents
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1386
refers to the enlarged rostral portion of the solitary nucleus, which receives taste afferents from the glossopharyngeal nerve and the intermediate nerve in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Pritchard-2012 ). It is part of the functionally defined medullary gustatory area in primates.
nukleus gustatorius
gustatory nucleus
gustatory gray
dorsal visceral gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1387
refers to a densely packed group of neurons in the ventrolateral and caudal parts of the descending vestibular nucleus. It is defined on the basis of connectivity; cells of this group do not receive primary vestibular fiber input ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cell group f
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1388
refers to a densely packed group of neurons dorsal to the inferior cerebellar peduncle that project to the oculomotor nuclear complex via the medial longitudinal fasciculus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cell group y
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1389
refers to the branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that innervates the vestibular apparatus. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
vestibular division of acoustic nerve
n. vestibular
nervo vestibolare
saraf vestibular
Vestibularisanteil
vestibulocochlear nerve, pars vestibularis
Nervus vestibularis
vestibular nerve
parte vestibolare del nervo vestibolococleare
nervio vestibular
nervus vestibularis
Fibrae vestibulares
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1390
refers to a functionally defined region that is poorly defined in humans, but that appears to include parts of the superior temporal gyrus. In macaque, the primary projection by vestibular afferents to the cerebral cortex is to the postcentral gyrus near the lower end of the intraparietal sulcus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
representación vestibular cortical
rappresentazione vestibolare
área vestibular
vestibular representation
vestibular cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1391
refers to a composite structure that consists of the median raphe nucleuss and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ).
medial raphe nucleus
nucleo mediale del rafe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1392
refers to the uppermost subdivision of descending branches of the dorsal root fibers. Located in the cervical segments and most of the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, it is comma-shaped in cross-section. The other subdivisions are the septomarginal tract in the lumbar segments of the spinal cord and the tract of Phillippe-Gombault in the sacral segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Schultze'sches-Komma
fasikel interfasikular
comma bundle of Schultze
interfascicular bundle
comma field of Schultze
semilunar tract
fascicolo interfascicolare
fascículo en vírgula de Schultze
fascículo interfascicular
Schultze-Komma
Fasciculus interfascicularis
comma tract of Schultze
interfascicular fasciculus
Fasciculus semilunaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1393
refers to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the commissural nucleus of the vagus nerve, the solitary nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
vagus nerve nuclei
nuclei del vago (N. X)
vagal nuclei
ядро блуждающего нерва
nucleus nervi vagi
vagal nerve nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1394
refers to a group of structures in the thalamus defined by connectivity. These include the medial geniculate body, the lateral geniculate body, and two substructures of the ventral posterior nucleus: the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) ( Carpenter-1983 ).
specific sensory relay nuclei
spezifische Thalamuskerne
specific thalamic nuclei
specific sensory thalamic relay nuclei
nuclei di 'relay' sensorio specifico
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1395
refers to a group of structures in the thalamus defined by connectivity. It includes the anterior nuclear group, the ventral lateral nucleus and the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nuclei di 'relay' corticale
cortical relay nuclei
cortical thalamic relay nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1396
refers to a subset of nuclei in the thalamus defined on the basis of their connections. They include the medial dorsal nucleus, the lateral dorsal nucleus, the lateral posterior nucleus and the pulvinar ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nuclei associativi del talamo
thalamic association nuclei
núcleos de asociación del tálamo
association nuclei of thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1397
refers to a subset of nuclei in the thalamus that includes the centromedian nucleus and the parafascicular nucleus of the intralaminar nuclear group ( Carpenter-1983 ).
kompleks nukleus sentromedian-parafasikular
centromedian-parafascicular nuclear complex
complejo centromediano-parafascicular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1398
refers to three cell groups in the floor of the fourth ventricle, the medial dorsal portion of the. medulla. Identified by Nissl stain they are: the nucleus intercalatus, nucleus prepositus, and sublingual nucleus. The three nuclei are found in the human ( Carpenter-1983), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally they constitute one of the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleo periipoglosso
perihypoglossal nuclei
núcleos perihipoglosos
nukleus-nukleus perihipoglosus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1399
refers to a functionally defined area in the pontine reticular formation that is involved in the coordination of conjugate horizontal eye movements ( Carpenter-1983 ).
paramediane pontine Formatio reticularis
formazione reticolare pontina paramediana
paramedian pontine reticular formation
paramediane Formatio reticularis der Brücke
paramediane Formatio reticularis der Brückenregion
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1400
refers to a set of structures in the medulla and spinal cord. It includes caudal portions of the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla and the nucleus of the spinal part of the accessory nerve, which is located in the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
accessory nerve nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1401
refers to three hypothalamic fiber tracts that cross the midline in the hypothalamus dorsal to the optic chiasm. They include the anterior hypothalamic commissure, the dorsal supraoptic decussation and the ventral supraoptic decussation ( Carpenter-1983 ).
supraoptic commissures
supraoptic decussations
supraoptic decussation
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1402
refers to a crescent-shaped (semilunar) ganglion located in the peripheral nervous system where the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve merge. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Gasserian ganglion
тройничный узел
Ganglion trigeminale
trigeminal ganglion
ganglion trigeminus
semilunar ganglion
ganglion semilunare Gasser
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1403
refers to the afferent fibers in the trigeminal nerve, which is an appendage of the pons. It is attached to, but not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nervo trigemino (radice sensoria)
Radix sensoria
akar sensorik s. V
sensory root of N. V
Nervus trigeminus radix sensibilis
sensory branch of trigeminal nerve
Portio major nervi trigemini
major root of trigeminal nerve
sensory root of the trigeminal nerve
Portio major of trigeminal nerve
raiz sensorial del nervio trigémino
Nervus trigeminus, radix sensoria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1404
refers to the ganglion at the base of the vestibule that contains the cell bodies of the primary afferents innervating the vestibular organs. These afferent fibers course centrally in the vestibulocochlear nerve to the vestibular nuclei in the medulla. The vestibular ganglion is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
vestibular ganglion
vestibular ganglion of Scarpa
Scarpa's ganglion
ganglion vestibular (Scarpa)
ganglion vestibularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1405
refers to the elongated ganglion that contains the cell bodies of the primary afferents innervating the cochlea. These afferent fibers course centrally in the vestibulocochlear nerve to the cochlear nuclei in the medulla. The spiral ganglion is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
auditory ganglion
spiral ganglion
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1406
refers to the branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that innervates the cochlea. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
parte cocleare del nervo vestibolococleare
nervio coclear
Hörnerv
nervio auditivo
acoustic nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve, pars cochlearis
auditory nerve
cochlear nerve
Nervus cochlearis
Nervus acusticus
Cochlearisanteil
nervus cochlearis
cochlear division of acoustic nerve
nervo cocleare
saraf koklear
слуховой нерв
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1407
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum with the reticular formation of the brainstem. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibre dentatoreticolari
dentatoreticular fibers
dentatoreticular tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1408
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum with the red nucleus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cerebellorubral tract
Tractus cerebellorubralis
Fibrae dentatae rubrales
красные зубчатые волокна
Fibrae dentatorubrales
dentatorubral fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1409
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the substantia nigra with the tectum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nigrotectal tract
nigrotectal fibers
fibre nigrotettali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1410
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the substantia nigra with the midbrain tegmentum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nigrotegmental fibers
nigrotegmental tract
fibre nigrotegmentali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1411
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the substantia nigra with the thalamus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nigrothalamic tract
fibre nigrotalamiche
nigrothalamic fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1412
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the globus pallidus with the substantia nigra. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
pallidonigral tract
pallidonigral tract of Jakob
proyecciones palidonigras
proiezioni pallidonigrali
pallidonigral fibers
fascículo palidonigro
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1413
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the globus pallidus with the subthalamic nucleus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibre pallidosubtalamiche
pallidosubthalamic tract
pallidosubthalamic fibers
fascículo palidosubtalámico
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1414
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the globus pallidus with the midbrain tegmentum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
pallidotegmental tract
pallidotegmentales Bündel
fibre pallidotegmentali
pallidotegmental fibers
pallidotegmental tract of Jakob
fascículo palidotegmentario
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1415
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the globus pallidus with the thalamus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fascículo palidotalámico
proiezioni pallidotalamiche
pallidothalamic fibers
pallidothalamic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1416
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the reticular formation of the brainstem with the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
reticulocerebellar tract
reticulocerebellar fibers
retikulozerebellare Fasern
Tractus reticulocerebellaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1417
refers to a fiber pathway between the retina and the tectum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
retinotectal fibers
fibre retinotettali
retinotectal tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1418
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the red nucleus with the hindbrain. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibras rubrobulbares
rubrobulbar fibers
rubrobulbar tract
fibre rubrobulbari
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1419
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the red nucleus with the inferior olivary complex. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibre rubroolivari
rubro-olivary tract
Fibrae rubroolivares
rubrooliväre Fasern
Fasciculus rubroolivaris (Probst-Gamber)
rubro-olivary fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1420
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the red nucleus with the reticular formation of the brainstem. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
rubroreticular fibers
rubroretikuläre Fasern
rubroreticular tract
serabut rubroretikular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1421
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the striatum with the substantia nigra. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
strionigral tract
strionigral fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1422
refers to a fiber pathway from the striatum to the globus pallidus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
striopallidal fibers
striopallidal tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1423
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the tectum with the reticular formation of the brainstem. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibre tettoreticolari
tectoreticular fibers
tectoreticular tract
serabut tektoretikular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1424
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the tectum with the thalamus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
tectothalamic fibers
текто-таламический путь
tectothalamic tract
fibre tettotalamiche
tectothalamic pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1425
refers to a collection of fiber pathways that originate in the tectum. They include the tectopontine tract, the tectobulbar tract, the tectospinal tract, the tectoreticular fibers and the tectothalamic fibers ( Carpenter-1983 ).
tectal tracts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1426
refers to a fiber pathway within the metencephalon connecting the pontine tegmentum with the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
tegmentocerebellar fibers
tegmentocerebellar tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1427
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the thalamus with the striatum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
thalamostriate tract
fibras talamoestriadas
thalamostriate fibers
fibre talamostriate
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1428
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the trigeminal nuclei with the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibre trigeminocerebellari
trigeminocerebellar fibers
trigeminocerebellar tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1429
refers to the boundary between the medulla and the pons ( Carpenter-1983 ).
ponto-medullary junction
medullary-pontine junction
unión bulboprotuberancial
giunzione pontobulbare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1430
refers to the boundary between the medulla and the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
transición medulobulbar
spino-medullary junction
spinomedullary junction
transizione spinobulbare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1431
refers to the boundary between the midbrain and the interbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
midbrain-diencephalic junction
giunzione mesencefalo diencefalica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1433
refers to the long ascending sensory pathways located lateral to the reticular formation of the brainstem. They include the medial lemniscus of the midbrain, the medial lemniscus of the pons, the medial lemniscus of the medulla, the lateral lemniscus, the spinothalamic tract, the dorsal trigeminal tract, the ventral trigeminal tract and the spinal trigeminal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
sistemi lemniscali
lemniscal system
Lemniskussystem
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1434
refers to a branch of the intermediate nerve that innervates the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
chorda tympani
Chorda tympani
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1435
refers to neural circuitry linking autonomic or limbic centers in the septum of the endbrain, the preoptic area of the hypothalamus in the interbrain and the rostral portion of the midbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
septo-hypothalamo-mesencephalic continuum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1436
refers to neural circuitry linking limbic centers as defined by Papez. Cells in the medial mammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus project via the mammillothalamic tract to the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus. Cells there project to the cingulate gyrus, from which cells in turn project to the CA fields via the cingulum or entorhinal area. Fibers arising from the CA fields course through the fornix to the hypothalamus, closing the circuit ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Papez-Kreis
Papez circuit
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1437
refers to fiber tracts arising from the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve or the spinal trigeminal nucleus that project to higher levels. These tracts include the dorsal trigeminal tract, the ventral trigeminal tract and the spinal trigeminal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
secondary trigeminal pathways
secondary trigeminal tracts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1438
refers to those areas of the cerebral cortex that receive input from subcortical nuclei related to specific sensory modalities. They include the primary somatosensory cortex, the primary visual area, the primary auditory cortex, the olfactory cortex and the gustatory cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).
primary sensory areas
primary sensory cortex
áreas sensoriales primarias
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1439
refers to a fiber tract within the cerebral white matter of the endbrain that contains fibers projecting from the occipital lobe to the superior colliculus and the lateral geniculate body. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
estrato sagital interno
internal sagittal stratum
Stratum sagittale internum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1440
refers to a broad vertically oriented fiber pathway that passes from the lateral geniculate nucleus, through the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule and posterior limb of the internal capsule to the primary visual cortex: area 17 of Brodmann (human) and monkey area 17 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is a continuous structure, but two parts are distinguished: a more dorsal superior optic radiation and a more ventral inferior optic radiation ( Crosby-1962 ).
visual radiations
radiazione ottica
Radiatio geniculo-calcarina
haz geniculocalcarino
traktus genikulokalkarin
radiazioni ottiche
geniculocalcarine radiation
optic radiation
visual radiation
optic radiations
geniculocalcarine tract
tratto genicolocalcarino
radiaciones ópticas
geniculostriate pathway
Sehstrahlung
tractus geniculocalcarinus
fibras geniculocalcarinas
radiación óptica
Sehbahn
radiasi optik
Radiatio optica
зрительная лучистость
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1441
refers to a predominantly cellular structure medial to the subcallosal fasciculus ( Mai-1997 ).
subcallosal stratum (Mai)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1442
refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter that connects the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus
fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior
Fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior
Fasciculus occipito-frontalis inferior
fascículo occipitofrontal inferior
fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior
inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
fascículo frontooccipital
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1443
refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Fasciculus fronto-occipitalis inferior
external sagittal stratum
fascicolo longitudinale inferiore
нижний продольный пучок
inferior longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinal inferior
estrato sagital externo
Fasciculus longitudinalis inferior
fascículo longitudinal inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1444
refers to a pathway in the cerebral white matter that connects anterior portions of the temporal lobe with the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fasciculus uncinatus
Fasciculus uncinatus
uncinate fasciculus of cerebral hemisphere
fascículo unciforme
fascicolo uncinato
uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain
Fasciculus uncinatus (prosencephali)
крючковидный пучок
fascículo unciforme del hemisferio
uncinate fasciculus-1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1445
refers to a fiber pathway that runs longitudinally in the cingulate white matter; it connects portions of the cingulate gyrus, the parietal lobe and the prefrontal cortex with the parahippocampal gyrus and adjacent structures of the temporal lobe. "All connectios entering and exiting the cingulate gyrus pass through the cingulum bundle." ( Vogt-2012 ). In the human it is composed of the Cingulum ammonale and the Cingulum limitans and is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is more distinguishable.
cingulum bundle
Gürtel
пояс
cingulum bundle (Burdach)
cingolo
cingulum
cíngulo
Cingulum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1446
refers to the appearance on gross dissection of fiber bundles in the cerebral white matter that radiate from the narrow internal capsule to the broad cerebral cortex. These fiber bundles include the auditory radiation, the optic radiation, the anterior thalamic radiations, the superior thalamic radiations, the inferior thalamic radiations the posterior thalamic radiations and others ( Carpenter-1983 ).
korona radiata
Corona radiata
corona radiante
corona radiata
лучистый венец
Corona radiata
corona radiata
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1447
refers to substructures of the third ventricle. They include the infundibular recess, the suprapineal recess, the pineal recess and the optic recess in primates ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the mammillary recess in rodents ( Paxinos-2001; Swanson-1998 ).
recesses of third ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1448
refers to a group of nuclei in the pontine tegmentum that contribute fibers to the facial nerve. They include the facial nucleus and the superior salivatory nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
facial nerve nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1449
refers to two fiber bundles in the cerebellar white matter that cross the midline of the cerebellum: the anterior cerebellar commissure and the posterior cerebellar commissure. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
commissures of the cerebellum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1450
refers to a composite structure consisting of the metathalamus and parts of the pretectal region, namely the nucleus of the optic tract and the nucleus of the pretectal area ( Crosby-1962 ).
metathalamus (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1451
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the lateral nuclear group and the suprageniculate nucleus of the posterior nuclear complex ( Crosby-1962 ).
lateral nuclear group (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1452
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that differs from the intralaminar nuclear group in that it excludes the parafascicular nucleus and includes the limitans nucleus of the posterior nuclear complex ( Crosby-1962 ).
intralaminar nuclei (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1453
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the medial dorsal nucleus, the parafascicular nucleus and the nuclei of habenulopeduncular tract ( Crosby-1962 ).
medial nuclear group (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1454
refers to a composite substructure of the interbrain that is similar to the thalamus except for minor differences in several of the subdivisions. See medial nuclear group (Crosby), intralaminar nuclei (Crosby), lateral nuclear group (Crosby) and metathalamus (Crosby) ( Crosby-1962 ).
dorsal thalamus (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1455
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that is defined on the basis of embryonic origin, function and connectivity in the rat. A component of the Functional CNS Model - Rat, it is the same as the thalamus except that it does not include the reticular nucleus of the thalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal thalamus
dorsal thalamus (Swanson)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1456
refers to groups of nerve cells found in some mammals along the path of the fasciculus retroflexus as it passes the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nuclei tractus habenulopeduncularis
nuclei of the habenulopeduncular tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1457
refers to groups of large cells in the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus and more laterally near the midbrain tegmentum ( Riley-1943 ).
Nucleus colliculus superioris
Nuclei colliculi superioris
Nucleus corporis quadrigemini anterioris
Nucleus motorius colliculi superioris
Nuclei magnocellularis colliculi superioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1458
is used by some authors as a composite term to refer to the cell groups of the inferior colliculus, namely the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, the pericentral nucleus of the inferior colliculus and the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus ( Riley-1943 ).
Nucleus colliculus inferioris
ядро нижнего холмика
Nucleus corporis quadrigemini posterioris
Nucleus colliculi inferioris
ядро нижнего холмика (бугорка) четверохолмия
Nucleus princeps colliculi inferioris
nukleus kolikulus inferior
nucleus colliculi inferioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1459
refers to the cuneate nucleus of the medulla and the gracile nucleus located in the spinomedullary junction at the rostral end of each posterior white column ( Carpenter-1983 ).
posterior column nuclei
posterior column medullary relay nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1460
refers to a composite substructure of the forebrain that includes parts of the endbrain and of the interbrain. It lies rostral to an imaginary plane from the base of the interventricular foramen to the upper border of the optic chiasm. It includes the preoptic area, the anterior commissure, the lamina terminalis and rostral portions of the third ventricle and fornix ( Crosby-1962 ).
Telencephalon impar
Telencephalon medium
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1461
refers to calcareous deposits often found in the pineal gland ( Crosby-1962 ) and other brain structures such as the choroid plexus ( Wikipedia ).
Hirnsand
Acervulus
brain sand
Häufchen
Corpora arenacea
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1462
refers to the leathery outer-most of three membranes, or meninges, that encapsulate the brain and the spinal cord. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
harte Hirnhaute
dura madre
твёрдая оболочка головного мозга
Pachymeninx
duramadre
dura mater
harte Hirnhaut
Dura mater
dura mater
твердая мозговая оболочка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1463
refers to the delicate inner-most of three membranes, or meninges, that encapsulate the brain and the spinal cord. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
pia mater
innere weiche Hirnhaut
pia madre
Pia mater
piamadre
сосудистая оболочка головного мозга
piamater
мягкая оболочка головного мозга
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1464
refers to the web-like intermediate of three membranes, or meninges, that encapsulate the brain and the spinal cord. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Arachnoidea mater encephali
паутинная оболочка головного мозга
araknoid
Arachnoid
Arachnoidea
aracnoides
arachnoid
äußere weiche Hirnhaut
Spinngewebshaut
arachnoid mater
Spinnwebenhaut
aracnoidi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1465
refers to the three membranous layers that encapsulate the brain and the spinal cord. Listed in order from the brain out, these layers are the pia mater, the arachnoid and the dura mater. They are not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Meninges
Hirnhäute
meninges
mening
meningi
selaput otak
мозговые оболочки
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1466
refers to the more ventral of two portions of the optic radiation; the other is the superior optic radiation. The inferior portion loops rostrally from the lateral geniculate nucleus toward the temporal pole, then caudally in the wall of the lateral ventricle to the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus, area 17 of Brodmann (human), or the monkey area 17 of Brodmann (guenon). The inferior radiation conveys information from the inferior part of the retina, which 'sees' the upper part of the visual field ( Crosby-1962; Carpenter-1983 )..
Meyer's loop
inferior optic radiation
Archambault's loop
loop of Archambault
lengkung Meyer
loop of Meyer
temporal loop
temporal optic radiation
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1467
refers to a portion of the endbrain ventral to the lentiform nucleus that consists of the Nucleus subputaminalis and the substantia innominata ( Crosby-1962 ).
sublenticular gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1468
refers to an anastomosing system of arteries that join to form a circle surrounding the hypophysis and optic chiasm at the base of the brain. It consists of the internal carotid arteries, the anterior communicating arteries, the posterior communicating arteries and the posterior cerebral arteries. It is not part of the brain ( Crosby-1962 ).
circulo arterial cerebral (Willis)
circle of Willis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1469
refers to a substructure of the superior medullary velum ( Crosby-1962 ).
decussation of velum
commissure of anterior medullary velum
decussation of anterior medullary velum
decussation of the superior medullary velum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1470
refers to a fiber bundle connecting the optic chiasm to the nucleus of the transverse peduncular tract, a substructure of the ventral tegmental area in nonprimates. The existence of the latter in humans is disputed ( Crosby-1962 ).
Tractus peduncularis transversus
basal optic root
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1471
refers to a substructure of the ventral tegmental area in nonprimates, the existence of which in humans is disputed ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus tractus peduncularis transversus
nucleus of the transverse peduncular tract
nucleus of basal optic root
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1472
refers to cortical folds on the medial surface of the parietal lobe of the human. Identified by dissection, they are located adjacent to the subparietal sulcus and the parieto-occipital sulcus in the transition zone between the posterior cingulate gyrus and the cuneus. They are not found in the macaque ( Vogt-1995 ) or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
parasplenial lobules
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1473
refers to a cerebral fissure or sulcus that is sufficiently deep to form an eminence on the underlying ventricular wall. Total fissures include the choroidal fissure, the collateral sulcus, the calcarine sulcus and the hippocampal fissure ( Crosby-1962 ).
total fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1474
refers to a cavity in the embryonic olfactory bulb that communicates with the lateral ventricle. It is usually absent in the adult human ( Crosby-1962 ), but present in the adult mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ).
rhinocele
olfactory part of lateral ventricle
olfactory ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1475
refers to a composite substructure of midbrain tegmentum that includes the magnocellular part of the red nucleus, the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, the peripeduncular nucleus and certain nuclei of the midbrain reticular formation including the cuneiform nucleus, the subcuneiform nucleus, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the linear nucleus of the raphe. It also includes the nucleus intracuneiformis and the parabrachial pigmented nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
deep midbrain tegmental gray
Nucleus mesencephalicus profundus
deep tegmental gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1476
refers to a structure in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus intracuneiformis
nucleus intracuneiformis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1477
refers to caudal portion of the angular gyrus and the adjacent portion of the occipital lobe ( Lockhart-1970 ).
posterior part of the inferior parietal lobule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1478
refers to a component of the superior thalamic radiations that contains fibers connecting the ventral lateral nucleus and the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus with the primary somesthetic area. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
sensory radiation
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1479
refers to a composite structure of the midbrain tegmentum that includes the ventral tegmental area, the interpeduncular nucleus and the peripeduncular nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
basal tegmental gray
ventral tegmental gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1480
refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain. Identified functionally with olfaction, it is defined on the basis of comparative anatomy to include the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tract, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the subcallosal area, the diagonal band, the nucleus of the diagonal band, the piriform area, the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal formation and the cingulate gyrus ( Crosby-1962 ). For a thorough review of the history and multiple uses of the term "rhinencephalon" see Anthoney-1994.
rhinencephalon of Crosby
rhinencephalon (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1481
refers to a composite substructure of the hippocampal formation that includes the CA fields and the alveus ( Crosby-1962 ).
Cornu ammonis (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1482
refers to a composite substructure of the pontine tegmentum that includes the motor nucleus of the tegmentum, the median raphe nucleus, the inferior central nucleus, the nucleus papilliformis, the subceruleus nucleus, the locus ceruleus, the lateroventral tegmental nucleus, the dorsal tegmental nucleus and the ventral tegmental nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
tegmental gray of the pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1483
refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex that is based on some authors' concept of the phylogenesis of the cerebellum. It includes the vermis of the cerebellum and the flocculus ( Crosby-1962 ).
paleocerebellum (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1484
refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex that is based on some authors' concept of the phylogenesis of the cerebellum. It includes the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and the posterior lobe of the cerebellum ( Crosby-1962 ).
neocerebellum (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1485
refers to a composite substructure of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum that includes the simple lobule and the declive ( Crosby-1962 ).
Lobulus simplex (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1486
refers to a medial extension of the posterolateral fissure of the cerebellum ( Crosby-1962 ).
postnodular fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1487
refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellum that has been defined variously by different authors as including either the folium and the tuber of the vermis of the posterior lobe or those components plus the pyramis ( Crosby-1962 ).
Lobulus medius medianus
Lobulus medianus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1488
refers to a composite substructure of the pons that includes the pontine nuclei of the basal pons and the reticulotegmental nucleus of the pontine tegmentum. Its components are found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral pontine gray
Griseum pontis
pontine gray, general
pontine gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1489
refers to one of three components of the reticulotegmental nucleus in the ventral pontine tegmentum where it meets the basal pons. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ).The other components are the lateral tegmental process and the supralemniscal process. Functionally the reticulotegmental nucleus belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial tegmental process
medial tegmental process of Jacobsohn
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1490
refers to one of three components of the reticulotegmental nucleus in the ventral pontine tegmentum where it meets the basal pons. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ).The other components are the medial tegmental process and the supralemniscal process. Functionally the reticulotegmental nucleus belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral tegmental process
lateral tegmental process of Jacobsohn
Processus griseum pontis tegmentalis lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1491
refers to a composite substructure of the medulla and the pons. It includes the nucleus of the medial eminence of the pontine reticular formation and the sublingual nucleus, the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus, the nucleus prepositus and the nucleus intercalatus of the medulla ( Crosby-1962 ).
parahypoglossal gray
parahypoglossal nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1492
refers to a substructure of the endbrain that is well-developed in amphibians and some reptiles. It variably appears and disappears in the human embryo. It is not seen in the postnatal primate brain ( Crosby-1962 ).
Paraphysis
парафиза
Paraphysis cerebri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1493
refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
motor nucleus of the tegmentum
Nucleus motorius dissipatus formationis reticularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1494
refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
parabducens nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1495
refers to "clusters of extremely small cells found along fiber bundles in the red nucleus" of the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
minimus nucleus
Nucleus minimus
nucleus minimus (Monakow)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1496
refers to a substructure of the paraterminal gyrus, namely, the portion located adjacent to the rostrum of the corpus callosum. In this nomenclature the remainder of the paraterminal gyrus, i.e., the portion adjacent to the lamina terminalis, is called the posterior parolfactory gyrus ( Crosby-1962 ).
subcallosal gyrus (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1497
refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain that includes the septal nuclei, the septofimbrial nucleus, the subcallosal area and the paraterminal gyrus, except for that portion of the paraterminal gyrus adjacent to the rostrum of the corpus callosum ( Crosby-1962 ).
parolfactory area (Crosby)
предспаечная перегородка
parolfactory area of Broca
Septum precommissurale
precommissural septum
septal area (Crosby)
paracommissural area
parolfactory gyri
precommissural septal area (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1498
refers to a group of neurons at the junction of the medulla and the pontine tegmentum immediately caudal to the facial nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
retrofacial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1499
refers, in the human, to the most caudal of scattered clusters of neurons in the septum pellucidum on the underside of the corpus callosum; they extend from the level of the medial septal nucleus to the CA fields ( Crosby-1962 ). In the rat the septohippocampal nucleus is associated with the lateral septal nucleus throughout its rostro-caudal course toward the CA fields ( Swanson-1998 ).
Nucleus septohippocampalis
septohippocampal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1500
refers to a composite substructure of the vermis of the cerebellum. It includes the pyramis and the uvula ( Anthoney-1994 ).
posteromedian lobule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1501
refers to scattered neurons along the lateral border of the lateral vestibular nucleus and the rostral portion of the descending vestibular nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus tangentialis (Winkler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1502
refers to a small cluster of neurons caudal to the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
posterior trochlear nucleus
accessory trochlear nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1503
refers to a substructure of the ventral tegmental area in nonprimates. Its existence in humans is disputed ( Crosby-1962 ).
nucleus of the mammillary peduncle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1504
refers to a group of nerve cells in the posterior hypothalamic region of the hypothalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).
interstitial nucleus of the mammillary peduncle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1505
refers to a structure in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).
frontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1506
refers to a composite substructure of the amygdala that includes all substructures of the corticomedial nuclear group and the central amygdalar nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
amygdaloid corticomedial complex
corticomedial nuclear group (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1507
refers to a composite substructure of basal ganglia (Crosby) that includes the striatum, the globus pallidus, the substantia innominata and associated fiber tracts ( Crosby-1962 ).
caudate-lenticular complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1508
refers to one of two premammillary nuclei in the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the ventral premammillary nucleus. Neither of the premammillary nuclei is discernable by Nissl stain in the human ( Saper-2004 ). Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal premammillary nucleus
premammillary nucleus, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1509
refers to one of two premammillary nuclei in the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the dorsal premammillary nucleus. Neither of the premammillary nuclei is discernable by Nissl stain in the human ( Saper-2004 ). Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
premammillary nucleus, ventral part
ventral premammillary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1510
refers to those areas of mature cerebral cortex that deviate markedly from the homogeneous six- layered internal structure seen in the third trimester of gestation. Heterotypic cortex is contrasted to homotypic cortex, which retains the fetal six-layered pattern into adulthood. Together they constitute the neocortex.
A limited number of neocortical areas undergo modification to more than six layers. They include the primary visual area ( area 17 of Brodmann (human) ), in which both the internal granular layer (IV) and the external pyramidal layer (III) divide into two or three sublayers, and the insula, if one considers the underlying claustrum to have originated during development from the multiform layer (VI), enlarged, and become separated from the insula by fibers of the extreme capsule.
Other heterotypic areas are characterized by a decrease in layers, for the most part due to the merger or absence of the external granular layer and/or the internal granular layer. They include the motor cortex ( area 4 of Brodmann (human), area 6 of Brodmann (human), area 8 of Brodmann (human) ); the anterior cingulate gyrus ( area 24 of Brodmann (human), area 25, area 33 of Brodmann); the retrosplenial area ( area 30 of Brodmann (human) ) and the perirhinal area ( area 35 of Brodmann ); the agranular insula, and their equivalents in other species.
The the specific areas of heterotypic cortex differ somewhat by species ( Brodmann-1909 ).
heterotypische Formationen
heterotypic cortex
heterotypical cortex
heterotypisch
heterotypical formations
área heterotípica
corteza heterotípica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1511
refers to those areas of cerebral cortex that are transitional between two cytoarchitecturally distinct types of cortex, such as homotypic cortex and heterotypic cortex ( Crosby-1962 ).
limitrophic cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1512
refers to the fissures of the cerebral cortex that form the boundaries between lobes ( Crosby-1962 ).
interlobar fissures
Sulci interlobares
междолевые борозды
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1513
refers to sulci in the cerebral cortex that are located entirely within lobes ( Crosby-1962 ).
intralobar fissures
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1514
is variously identified with the lateral mammillary nucleus (Saper-1990) and as the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus ( Riley-1943 ).
Nucleus intercalatus (Malone)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1515
refers to a group of nerve cells in the medulla ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1516
refers to the embryonic precursor of the adenohypophysis ( Crosby-1962 ).
Rathke-Tasche
Rathke's pouch
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1517
refers to the infundibular stem and the tuberal part of the hypophysis ( Crosby-1962 ).
infundibular stalk (Crosby)
pituitary stalk
hypophysial stalk
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1518
refers to the embryonic structure that develops into the pars nervosa of hypophysis, the infundibular stem and the median eminence ( Crosby-1962 ).
infundibular process (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1519
refers to a group of cells in the midbrain tegmentum; it is located ventral and caudal to the red nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus lateralis pars caudalis of midbrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1520
refers to one of two or three short oblique convolutions in the inferior wall of the lateral fissure in the human ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Identified by dissection, it is part of the superior temporal gyrus located rostral to the planum temporale. Most people have two such convolutions, the anterior transverse temporal gyrus and the posterior transverse temporal gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Transverse temporal gyri are not seen in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Heschl's convolutions
girus-girus temporal lintang Heschl
giro temporale trasverso (Heschl)
gyri of Heschl
circunvolución de Heschl
giro trasverso di Heschl
convolutions of Heschl
transverse temporal gyri
Heschl's gyri
Gyri temporales transversi
поперечные внсочные извилины (Гешеля)
circunvoluciónes temporales transversas
transverse temporal gyrus (human)
gyrus temporal transverse
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1521
refers to thin strands of gray matter scattered in the internal capsule between the caudate nucleus on one side and the putamen and globus pallidus on the other ( Jernigan-2003 ; Roberts-1970 ).
transcapsular caudatolenticular gray striae
Striae griseae caudatolenticulares transcapsulares
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1522
refers to a substructure of the basal pons ( Roberts-1970 ).
superficial pontine stratum
Stratum superficiale pontis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1523
refers to a substructure of the interbrain and the midbrain that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).
Tractus subthalamicotegmentalis
subthalamicotegmental tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1524
refers to a substructure of the interbrain, the midbrain and the metencephalon that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).
Tractus cerebello-thalamicus
cerebellothalamic tract
cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers
Tractus cerebello-rubro-thalamicus
мозжечково-красноядернo-таламический путь
fibre cerebellorubrali
Tractus cerebellothalamicus
cerebellorubrothalamic tract
мозжечково-красноядерный путь
мозжечково-таламический путь
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1525
refers to a substructure of the cerebral white matter that is is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).
Fibrae orbitofrontalis
orbitofrontal fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1526
refers to a glial substructure of the thalamus at its attachment to the choroid plexus ( Roberts-1970 ).
lamina cornea
Lamina infrachoroidea
Lamina cornea
Lamina cinerea
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1527
refers to a substructure of the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain ( Roberts-1970 ).
peduncle of substantia nigra
Stratum intermedium pedunculi
Kamm system
Pedunculus substantiae nigrae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1528
refers to a substructure of the midbrain tegmentum ( Roberts-1970 ).
prerubral tract
Tractus prerubralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1529
refers to a group of nerve cells of the subthalamus ( Roberts-1970 ).
caudal nucleus of the zona incerta
Nucleus zona incertae caudalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1530
refers to a group of nerve cells in the epithalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).
interstitial nucleus of the habenular commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1531
refers to an enlarged portion of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. It is found at the junction of the body of the lateral ventricle with the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle ( Crosby-1962 ).
Glomus choroideum
сосудистый клубок
choroid glomus
glomus of the choroid plexus
glomus of chorioid plexus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1532
refers to a composite superficial feature of the brain which can be subdivided into the telodiencephalic fissure and the cerebrocerebellar fissure ( Carpenter-1983 ).
transverse cerebral fissure
fisur lintang serebrum
поперечная щель (большого) мозга
transverse fissure of cerebrum
Fissura transversa cerebralis
Fissura transversa cerebri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1533
refers to a bridge of gray matter in the tectum of the midbrain that links the inferior colliculus of one side with that of the other ( Crosby-1962 ).
intercollicular gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1534
refers to a composite substructure of the cingulate gyrus. It includes the anterior cingulate gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus but not the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus ( Crosby-1962 ).
callosomarginal gyrus
cingulate gyrus (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1535
refers to a substructure of the facial nerve. It is part of the peripheral nervous system ( Crosby-1962 ).
geniculate ganglion
geniculate ganglion of facial nerve
ganglion geniculatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1536
refers to a set of fiber tracts in the cerebral white matter that are reasonably easy to dissect but that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. They include the cingulum, the uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the subcallosal fasciculus, the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, and the vertical occipital fasciculus ( Crosby-1962 ).
longitudinal association bundle
lange Assoziationsbahnen
longitudinal association bundles
long association bundles
fibras de asociación largas
long association fibers
длинные ассоциативные пути
длинные ассоциативные волокна
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1537
refers to a set of short corticocortical fibers in the cerebral white matter. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
short arcuate bundles
kurze Assoziationsbahnen
короткие ассоциативные пути
short association bundles
fibras de asociación cortas
Fibrae arcuatae cerebri
короткие ассоциативные волокна
short association fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1538
refers to a fiber tract in the cerebral white matter related to the lingula that is reasonably easy to dissect but that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
transverse fasciculus of the lingula
transverse occipital fasciculus of lingual lobule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1539
refers to a structure of the lateral surface of the parietal lobe that is not the same as the medial parietal gyrus, a structure on the medial surface of the parietal lobe. Neither structure is clearly coincident with any structure in the NeuroNames hierarchy ( Winters-1969 ).
Gyrus parietalis medialis (Winters)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1540
refers to a fiber tract in the cerebral white matter related to the cuneus that is reasonably easy to dissect but that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
transverse fasciculus of the cuneus
transverse occipital fasciculus of cuneus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1541
refers to a fiber tract in the cerebral white matter that is reasonably easy to dissect but that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
ventral occipital fasciculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1543
refers to a composite substructure of the interbrain that includes, in addition to the epithalamus, a part of the tela choroidea of the third ventricle and a part of the posterior commissure ( Crosby-1962 ).
epithalamus (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1544
refers to a functionally defined region of the cerebral cortex that corresponds roughly to area 18 of Brodmann (human) of the occipital lobe ( Crosby-1962 ).
occipital eye fields
posterior cortical eye fields
centro ocular occipital
occipitoparietal eye fields
occipital eye centers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1545
refers to a functionally defined region of the cerebral cortex that corresponds roughly to area 19 of Brodmann (human) of the occipital lobe ( Crosby-1962 ).
preoccipital eye fields
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1546
refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter that connects the amygdala with the insula. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
amygdaloinsular fasciculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1547
refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter that connects the amygdala with other parts of the temporal lobe. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
amygdalotemporal fasciculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1548
refers to a substructure of the midbrain that is variously attributed to the superior colliculus and to the periaqueductal gray ( Crosby-1962 ).
Stratum griseum et fibrosum periventriculare
periventricular layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1549
refers to a transitional zone between the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe ( Crosby-1962 ).
parieto-occipital cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1550
refers to a transitional zone between the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe ( Crosby-1962 ).
temporo-occipital cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1551
refers to a fiber layer in the red nucleus ( Roberts-1970 ).
Lamina medullaris nuclei rubris
medullary lamina of the red nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1552
refers to a transitional zone between the cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei ( Crosby-1962 ).
corticosubcortical gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1553
refers to a region at the junction of the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe that is defined on the basis of connectivity ( Crosby-1962 ).
parietotemporal association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1555
refers to regions of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of connectivity ( Crosby-1962 ).
projection areas of the cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1556
refers to a region of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of function, namely the perception of sounds. In the human it is located in the superior one-third of the temporal lobe. There the anatomic substrate includes area 41 of Brodmann, area 42 of Brodmann and the rostral two-thirds of area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-2004 ). In the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the neural substrate is an area on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex that consists of three parts: the primary auditory cortex, the dorsal auditory areas, and the ventral auditory areas. Some authors distinguish a posterior auditory area at the caudal extreme of the primary auditory cortex of rodents ( Swanson-2004; Dong-2004 ). The auditory cortex in all of the species receives projections directly or indirectly from the medial geniculate body ( Crosby-1962 ).
auditory area
temporal auditory areas
auditory cortex
auditory areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1557
second auditory cortex
sekundäre Hörrinde
second auditory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1558
refers to a set of fiber pathways of the midbrain that cross the midline. They include the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle, the supramammillary commissure, the dorsal tegmental decussation and the ventral tegmental decussation ( Crosby-1962 ).
commissures of the midbrain
decussations of midbrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1559
refers to a set of three or four fiber pathways that cross the midline of the endbrain. They include the anterior commissure, the corpus callosum and the hippocampal commissure ( Crosby-1962 ). Some authors distinguish the basal telencephalic commissure from the anterior commissure ( Lamantia-1990 ).
commissures of the telencephalon
serabut komisur
комиссуральные нервные волокна
fibras comisurales
cerebral commissures
telencephalic commissures
fibre commissurali
спаечные нервные волокна
forebrain commissures
cerebral commissural fibers
Kommissurenfasern
decussations of telencephalon
Neurofibrae commissurales
Kommissurenbahnen
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1560
refers to a fiber pathway that connects the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus of each side of the brain to the corresponding contralateral structure. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
Fibrae perforantes brachii conjunctivi
commissure of Probst
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1561
refers to a portion of the hypothalamus near the optic chiasm that contains crossing fibers of the dorsal supraoptic decussation and the ventral supraoptic decussation ( Crosby-1962 ).
chiasmal ridge
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1562
refers to an invagination of the dura mater that contains the trigeminal ganglion of the trigeminal nerve. It is not part of the brain ( Crosby-1962 ).
trigeminal cave
Meckel's cave
тройничная полость
Cavum trigeminale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1563
refers to one of the long association bundles of the cerebral white matter that connects the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe with the posterior part of the parietal lobe. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ). Readily revealed by diffusion-weighted imaging and tractography, it is believed to provide a basis for communication between ventral stream regions involved in form perception and dorsal stream regions involved in eye movements and attention" ( Yeatman-2014 ).
perpendicular fasciculus
Fasciculus occipitalis perpendicularis
senkrechte Occipitalbündel
Fasciculus rectus
Stratum posterius subcorticale
vertical occipital fasciculus
lateral occipital fasciculus
faisceau perpendiculaire de la convexité
Fasciculus transversus occipitalis
faisceau occipital vertical
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1564
refers to an elaborate set of white and gray commissures that, in many species, connect nuclei of the thalamus with corresponding nuclei in the contralateral thalamus, including subnuclei of the anterior nuclear group, the midline nuclear group and the ventral nuclear group. It may correspond to the interthalamic adhesion of the primate ( Crosby-1962 ).
thalamic commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1565
refers to a part of the olfactory bulb that receives input from the vomeronasal organ via the vomeronasal nerve. It has not been demonstrated in the human beyond the fetal stage of development ( Crosby-1962; Moran-1995 ). It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ).
accessory olfactory bulb
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1566
refers to a receptor organ sensitive to pheromones that is located in the nasal mucosa of macrosmatic mammals. In the human it is found in the nasal septum, far from the origin of the olfactory nerve, which is beneath the cribriform plate high in the nasal cavity. In macrosmotic mammals the organ connects to the brain through the vomeronasal nerve to the accessory olfactory bulb. Connections to the brain have not been demonstrated morphologically in the human ( Moran-1995 ).
Jacobson's organ
bulbus vomeronasalis
вомероназальная органа
vomeronasal organ
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1567
refers to the nerve that connects the vomeronasal organ to the accessory olfactory bulb in macrosmatic mammals, such as the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It and the terminal nerve form the vomeronasal-terminal nerve complex, which exists in the human fetus, but only up to the eighth month of gestation ( Moran-1995 ). Both are distinct from the olfactory nerve, which is found in both rodents and primates. (See also: accessory olfactory bulb.)
nerve of Jocobson
vomeronasal nerve
вомероназальный нерв
Nervus vomeronasalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1568
refers to neural connections of the accessory olfactory bulb with the brain. The complex consists of two components, the vomeronasal nerve and the terminal nerve, which constitute a common bundle through part of their course ( Moran-1995 ).
vomeronasal-terminal nerve complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1569
refers to a variable group of fibers that run in or adjacent to the cerebral peduncle and that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).
Faisceau en echarpe de Fere
Fasciculus obliquus crucis cerebri
Fasciculus of Fere
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1570
refers to the portion of the cingulum, a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter, that connects the CA fields with the parahippocampal gyrus ( Crosby-1962 ).
Cingulum ammonale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1571
refers to the thickened portion of the vascular tunic of the eye connecting the choroid to the iris. It is not part of the brain ( Dorland-1974 ).
Corpus ciliare
Corpus ciliaris
ciliary body
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1572
refers to a composite structure that consists of the dorsal trigeminal tract and the ventral trigeminal tract ( Crosby-1962 ).
lemniskus trigeminus
dorsal and ventral trigeminothalamic tracts
trigeminal lemniscus
fibre trigeminotalamiche
proiezioni trigeminotalamiche
trigeminal tract
trigeminal lemniscus-1
Lemniscus trigeminalis
Tractus trigeminothalamicus
trigeminothalamic tract-1
central trigeminal tract
тройнично-таламический путь
тройничная петля
quintothalamic tract
trigeminothalamic tract
traktus trigeminotalamik
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1573
refers to a pathway containing fibers from nuclei of the hypothalamus that project to the dorsal tegmental nucleus and other regions of the midbrain and the pons, as well as fibers originating in the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation that project to the thalamus and other regions of the forebrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). In NeuroNames, it is a composite structure consisting of the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the hypothalamus, the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the midbrain, the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the pons and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla.
hinteres Längesbündel
задний продольный пучок
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
fascio longitudinale dorsale
Fasciculus tegmentalis dorsalis
дорсальный продольный пучок
posteriores Längsbündel
fasikel longitudinal dorsal
fasikel longitudinalis dorsal
bundle of Schutz
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of Schutz
Schütz-Bündel
Fasciculus longitudinalis periependymalis
Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior (Schutz)
Tractus periependymalis longitudinalis
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of Schultze
posterior longitudinal fasciculus
dorsales Längsbündel
fascicolo longitudinale dorsale (di Schutz)
Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (Schuetz)
dorsal longitudinal fascicle
Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis
dorsal longitudinal tract
periependymal fasciculus
Fasciculus periaquaeductalis
Fibrae substantiae griseae centralis
верхний продольный пучок
fascículo longitudinal dorsal
haz dorsal longitudinal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1574
refers to scattered neurons within the region of transition between the caudal portion of the interbrain and the tectum of the midbrain ( Crosby-1962 ).
daerah pratektum
pretectal area
pretectal area (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1575
refers to a group of nerve cells in the superior olive ( Anthoney-1994 ).
principal olivary nucleus (Martinez)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1576
refers to a composite structure within the subthalamus that consists of the field H1 and the field H2 ( Olszewski-1952 ).
Forel's Field H1+H2 (Olszewski)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1577
refers to all of the nuclei of the oculomotor nuclear complex of the midbrain with the exception of the caudal central oculomotor nucleus ( Oertel-1969 ).
Nucleus principalis nervi oculomotorii
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1578
refers to a structure of the medial surface of the parietal lobe in the human that is not the same as the Gyrus parietalis medialis (Winters), a structure on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe in the Macaca nemestrina. Neither structure is clearly coincident with any structure in the NeuroNames hierarchy ( Roberts-1970 ).
medial parietal gyrus
Gyrus parietalis medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1579
refers to a subdivision of the cingulum that includes all of that structure except the portion termed the Cingulum ammonale ( Crosby-1962 ).
Cingulum limitans
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1580
refers to the ventromedial portion of the midbrain tegmentum that is penetrated by an extensive plexus of blood vessels. It includes part of the interpeduncular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
заднее продырявленное вещество
posterior perforated space
Substantia perforata interpeduncularis
заднее продырявленное пространство
substantia perforata posterior (Tarini)
interpeduncular perforated substance
Substantia perforata intercruralis
posterior perforated substance
Substantia perforata posterior
substance perforée postérieure
substansi perforata posterior
вещество Тарини
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1582
refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus. The more caudal subdivision, it is distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture from the more rostral subdivision, the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).
medial nucleus of the amygdala (Amaral)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1583
refers to a composite structure containing the fiber tracts that project from the cuneate nucleus of the medulla and the gracile nucleus to the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ). In NeuroNames it consists of the medial lemniscus of the midbrain, the medial lemniscus of the pons and the medial lemniscus of the medulla.
Reil's band
Lemniscus sensibilis
Lemniscus sensitivus
median fillet
lemniskus medial
medial lemniscus (Reil)
Mesial fillet
осязательная петля
lemniscus médial
mediale Schleife
Laqueus medialis
Lemniscus medialis
медиальная петля
lemnisco medial
Reil's ribbon
внутренние дуговые волокна
medial lemniscus
Tractus bulbo-thalamicus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1584
refers to the central core of gray matter that borders the cerebral ventricles throughout the midbrain and hindbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). Classically it includes the periaqueductal gray, the pontine central gray and the central gray of the medulla. Some authors now consider it to extend the full length of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). By that definition the central gray extends rostrally to include the epithalamus and posterior hypothalamic area of the interbrain and caudally to include the spinal central gray. Functionally it is, by either definition, part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
sostanza grigia centrale
zentrales Höhlengrau
central grey
Griseum periventriculare
Griseum centrale
центральное серое вещество
central gray
Substantia grisea centralis
central gray substance
Stratum griseum centrale
центральное серое слой
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1585
refers to the transition of central gray of the medulla into the gray matter surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord ( Smith-1972 ).
grey commissure
Nucleus substantia grisea dorsalis
Substantia gliosa centralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1586
refers to the dorsal oculomotor nucleus, the intermediate oculomotor nucleus, the medial oculomotor nucleus and the ventral oculomotor nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lateral somatic cell columns
colonne cellulari somatiche laterali
colonna cellulare laterale
columnas celulares somáticas laterales
lateral nucleus of oculomotor nerve
lateral oculomotor nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1587
refers to the anterior median oculomotor nucleus, the central oculomotor nucleus and the parvocellular oculomotor nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nuclei viscerali dell'oculomotore
nuclei viscerali
visceral oculomotor nuclei
núcleos viscerales del complejo oculomotor
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1588
refers to a composite structure ( Carpenter-1983 ) that consists of the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the midbrain, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla and the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord. It includes fibers of the medial vestibulospinal tract
fascicolo longitudinale mediale
FLM
Fasciculus commissurae posterioris
Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (Riley)
medial longitudinal bundle
MLF
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
медиальный продольный пучок
fascículo longitudinal medial
fasikel longitudinal medial
FLM
medial longitudinal fascicle
medial longitudinal fasciculus
mediale Längsbündel
mediales Längesbündel
Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior (posticus)
Tractus longitudinalis medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1589
refers to a composite structure ( Carpenter-1983 ), which in NeuroNames consists of the spinal trigeminal tract of the pons and the spinal trigeminal tract of the medulla.
traktus trigeminus spinal
spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
traktus spinal saraf trigeminus
Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
Tractus spinalis nervi trigeminalis
descending tract of trigeminal
spinal root of trigeminal
spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
haz trigeminoespinal
descending root of V
spinal V tract
tratto spinale del N. V
спинномозговой путь тройничного нерва
tract of descending root of trigeminal
spinal trigeminal tract
tratto trigeminale spinale
trigeminospinal tract
traktus spinal saraf V
proiezioni trigeminospinali
tratto discendente del nervo trigemino
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1590
refers to fibers originating in the intermediate hypothalamic region, particularly the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, that project to the median eminence and the infundibular stem ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Tractus paraventriculo-hypophyseus
Tractus paraventriculohypophysialis
паравентрикулярно-гипофизарный путь
tuberohypophysial tract
tuberoinfundibular tract
tratto tuberoipofisario
Tractus tubero-hypophyseus
tuberohypophyseal tract
tratto tuberoinfundibolare
Tractus tuberoinfundibularis
traktus tuberohipofisial
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1591
refers to a composite structure of the hypothalamus. It is composed of the tuberohypophysial tract and the supraopticohypophysial tract ( Crosby-1962 ).
Tractus hypothalamo-hypophysealis
гипоталамо-гипофизарный путь
traktus hippotalamohipofisial
traktus supraoptikohipofisial
hypothalamohypophyseal tract
hypothalamo-hypophysial tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1592
refers to the boundary of the pons and the medulla where the abducens nerve, the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve join the hindbrain ( Anthoney-1994 ).
giunzione bulbopontina
pontomedullary junction
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1593
refers to a composite substructure of the hypothalamus that consists of the preoptic periventricular nucleus, the intermediate periventricular nucleus and the posterior periventricular nucleus ( Saper-1990 ). See also anteroventral periventricular nucleus.
periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
periventrikulären Kerne des Hypothalamus
periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
periventricular hypothalamic nucleus
nuclei periventricolari
periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1596
refers to the continuation of a fiber tract from the corpus callosum into the cerebral white matter of the occipital lobe. It is part of the geniculocalcarine radiation which extends lateral to the lateral ventricle ( Mai-1997 ).
tapetum
tapetum
Tapetum
tapetum
tapetum
покров (заднего рога латеральных желудочков)
tapetum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1597
refers to one of two types of neocortex. It is composed of the typical six layered cytoarchitecture of neocortex. The other type is proisocortex. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, true isocortex is located predominantly in the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, the parietal lobe, and the occipital lobe; it is present also in parts of the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula ( Stephan-1975; Zilles-1990 ).
Isocortex maturus
true isocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1598
refers to one of two types of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and fetal development. The other is neocortex. Allocortex does not pass through a prenatal phase of six-layered structure and has three or four layers in the mature brain ( Schiebler-1999 ). Allocortex has three subtypes: paleocortex, archicortex and periallocortex. This definition differs from that in some older sources, which excluded the olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb ( Carpenter-1983 ).
heterogenetic cortex
Allocortex
allocortex
alocorteza
allocortex (Stephan)
heterogenetische Formationen
corteza heterogénetica
Allocortex (Stephan)
área heterogénetica
heterogenetic formations
nonisocortical areas
non-isocortical areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1599
refers to a subdivision of paleocortex based on cytoarchitecture that includes all components of the paleocortex except the anterior olfactory nucleus ( Stephan-1975 ).
semicortex (Rose)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1600
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain in the rat that consists of the septum, the septohippocampal nucleus and the subfornical organ ( Swanson-1992 ).
septal region (Swanson)
daerah septum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1601
refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain that includes the septal nuclei, the subcallosal area and the portion of paraterminal gyrus adjacent to the lamina terminalis ( Crosby-1962 ).
precommissural septum (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1602
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes the central amygdalar nucleus and a portion of the corticomedial nuclear group of the amygdala, the portion of substantia innominata just beneath the globus pallidus and putamen, the medial portion of nucleus accumbens, and the nucleus of stria terminalis ( Heimer-1995 ). The boundaries are indistinct in Nissl stained sections.
extended amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1603
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It is composed of the dorsal striatum, the dorsal pallidum, the ventral striatum and the ventral pallidum ( Heimer-1995 ).
striatopallidal system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1604
refers to the predominant portion of the globus pallidus in the striatopallidal system, which is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. The dorsal pallidum is distinguished from the ventral pallidum by a boundary that is partially defined by the anterior commissure. The remainder of the boundary is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance ( Heimer-1995 ).
dorsal pallidum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1605
refers to a composite structure primarily of forebrain with arguable extension into the midbrain. It is part of the striatopallidal system, which is defined on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity. It includes the portions of the globus pallidus and the substantia innominata located ventral to the anterior commissure; it extends into the olfactory tubercle and, in some respects, pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Its boundary with the dorsal pallidum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance ( Heimer-1995 ).
ventral pallidum
ventral pallidum (Heimer)
pallidum ventral
Pallidum ventrale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1606
refers to a composite cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cingulate region. It is a composite substructure that includes the areas of the region that lack a well developed internal granular layer (IV). Its boundary with the Subregio postcingularis is located at about the anterior-posterior level of the central sulcus. It includes the area 25 of Brodmann (human), the area 33 of Brodmann, the area 32 of Brodmann (human) and the area 24 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Subregio praecingularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1607
refers to a composite substructure of the cingulate region. It is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture to include the areas of that region with a well developed internal granular layer (IV). Its boundary with the Subregio praecingularis is located at about the anterior-posterior level of the central sulcus. It is composed of the area 31 of Brodmann (human) and the area 23 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Subregio postcingularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1608
refers to one of two subdivisions of the area 24 of Brodmann (human). The other is the Area medioradiata ( Stephan-1975 ).
Area infraradiata dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1609
refers to a branch from the posterior limb of the lateral fissure where it joins the posterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure (human) ( Ono-1990 ).
descending terminal ramus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1610
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe that extends from the dorsal surface onto the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ).
medial precentral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1611
refers to a superficial feature of the parietal lobe that extends from the dorsal surface of the superior parietal lobule across the margin of the parietal lobe into the precuneus ( Ono-1990 ).
superior parietal sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1612
refers to a superficial feature of the parahippocampal gyrus in the human. It is a depression located at the boundary between the entorhinal area and the periamygdalar area. Thus, it marks the dorsal boundary of the uncus, which is the surface of the most rostral parts of the entorhinal area and hippocampal formation ( Mai-1997 ).
amygdaloid sulcus
amygdaloid fissure
Sulcus semiannularis
semiannular sulcus
semiannular fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1613
refers to a small sulcus in the preoccipital notch that extends to the occipitotemporal sulcus ( Mai-1997 ).
sulcus of the preoccipital incisura
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1614
refers to a superficial feature of the human frontal lobe; it is located at the rostral margin of the orbital surface of the lobe ( Ono-1990 ).
Sulcus fronto-marginalis
frontomarginal sulcus
sillon frontomarginal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1615
refers to the part of the lateral orbital gyrus nearest the frontal pole in the human; it is bounded laterally by the frontomarginal sulcus ( Mai-1997 ).
frontomarginal gyrus
gyrus frontomarginal
Gyrus frontomarginalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1616
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe. It is a short horizontal groove found in 30% of human brains. Parallel to the longitudinal fissure, it is located within the superior frontal gyrus just anterior to the central sulcus and dorsal to the superior precentral sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). Equivalent features are not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
marginal precentral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1617
refers to a short sulcus found in 14% of human brains. Rostral and parallel to the central sulcus, it separates the precentral gyrus from the middle frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ). It is not present in the macaque or rodents.
intermediate precentral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1618
refers to a sulcus found in 68% of human brains. Parallel to the longitudinal fissure and the superior frontal sulcus it is located within the superior frontal gyrus anterior to the, also variably present, marginal precentral sulcus ( Ono-1990 ).
medial frontal sulcus
sulcus frontalis intermedius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1619
refers to the rostral-most portion of the lateral fissure where the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe come together and rostral to sites where other sulci, rami and limbs join the lateral fissure. In the human these include the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure (human), the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure (human) and the posterior limb of the lateral fissure ( Ono-1990 ).
scissure latéral, segment antérieur
stem of Sylvian fissure
segment antérieur de la scissure latéral
stem of the lateral fissure
stem of the lateral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1620
refers to a group of nuclei in the midbrain tegmentum: the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the nucleus of Darkshevich and the nucleus of the posterior commissure ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nuclei oculomotori accessori
Nucleus oculomotorius accessorius
добавочное ядро глазодвигательного нерва
accessory oculomotor nuclei
парасимпатическое ядро глазодвигательного нерва
nukleus okulomotor aksesori (Edinger-Westphal)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1621
refers to a composite structure in the anterior hypothalamic region that represents an alternate subdivision of the hypothalamus. It includes the anterior hypothalamic area, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus and the supraoptic crest ( Carpenter-1983, Crosby-1962 ).
zona sopraottica
chiasmal level of hypothalamus
regione sopraottica
supraoptic level of hypothalamus
anterior region (hypothalamus)
supraoptic region of hypothalamus
supraoptic region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1622
refers to a superficial feature of the medulla, a protruberance on the posterior aspect thereof ( Anthoney-1994 ).
tuberculum cinereum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1623
refers to nerve fibers long thought to project from the olfactory bulb to midline structures of the endbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is now known that in mammals all fibers from the olfactory bulb reach other parts of the brain through the olfactory tract ( Price-1990 ).
Stria intermedia olfactoria
intermediate olfactory stria
Tractus olfactorius internus
stria olfaktori intermedia
intermediate olfactory tract
stria intermediale
Tractus olfactorius intermedius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1624
refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis latocellularis, the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami, the Nucleus centralis superior thalami, and the Nucleus centralis intermedialis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus.
Nucleus centralis densicellularis
Nucleus centralis densocellularis
central densicellular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1625
refers to diagrams showing segmentation of the cerebral cortex on the basis of various criteria, such as cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and connectivity. Several maps of human cortex are presented in Zilles-1990 together with a table showing equivalent structures in maps by different authors. The maps are also presented in Stephan-1975 and Van Buren-1972.
areal maps of cortex
cortical maps
cytoarchitectural fields of cerebral cortex
mapas de la corteza
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1626
refers to the collection of nerve roots that extend from the conus of the spinal cord to their exits from the spinal canal ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cola de caballo
Pferdeschweif
Cauda equina
ekor kuda
cauda equina
kauda akina
Pferdeschwanz
cauda equina
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1627
refers to the conical termination of the spinal cord at about the level of the first lumbar vertebra ( Carpenter-1983, Lockhart-1959 ).
terminal cone of spinal cord
konus medular
conus medullaris
cono midollare
Conus terminalis
conus
Conus medullaris
cono medular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1628
refers to collections of nerve fibers, ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. They are located in the white columns of the spinal cord where the columns meet the spinal central gray. Shorter fibers are located closer and longer fibers further from the gray. The tracts include the ventral propriospinal tract, the lateral propriospinal tract and the dorsal propriospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors include the semilunar tract in this category ( Jastrow-2007 ). A few other fibers intrinsic to the cord run in the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord and the septomarginal tract ( Schoenen-2004 ).
traktus spinospinal
fascicoli spinospinali
propriospinal tracts
Grundbündel
traktus propriospinal
Fasciculi proprii
proprius bundles of cord
spinospinal tract
fascículos propios
fasikel proper
fundamental columns
ground bundles
spinospinal columns
propriospinal pathways
fascicoli propi
Fasciculus proprius
fasciculus proprius
fasikel murni
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1629
refers to a long slender fibrous filament that is surrounded by the cauda equina and extends from the end of the conus to the lower end of the spinal canal ( Carpenter-1983 ).
filum terminale
Filum terminale
filum terminale
filum terminal
nervous impar
терминальная нить
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1630
refers to a group of cells located in the spinal cord along the medial surface of the anterior gray column and anterior gray commissure ( Carpenter-1983 ).
anterior cornucommissural nucleus
núcleo cornucomisural anterior
Nucleus cornucommissuralis anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1631
refers to a thin band of cells along the medial margin of the posterior gray column and the dorsal gray commissure of the spinal cord; it lies over the thoracic column ( Carpenter-1983 ).
núcleo cornucomisural posterior
Nucleus cornucommissuralis posterior
posterior cornucommissural nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1632
refers to layers of cells along the lateral and medial borders of the anterior gray column in thoracic segments, lumbar segments and sacral segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
nukleus perikornual anterior
Nucleus pericornualis anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1633
refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray; it occupies the portion of the posterior gray column that corresponds to lamina III and lamina IV ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
nucleo sensorio proprio
Nucleus proprius columnae posterioris
proper sensory nucleus
Nucleus proprius of posterior horn
núcleo propio dorsal
núcleo sensorial propio
Nucleus proprius of the spinal cord
nukleus proprius
nucleo proprio del corno dorsale
Nucleus proprius dorsalis
nucleus proprius
nukleus sensorik proper
Nucleus proprius cornu dorsalis
núcleo propio cornudorsal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1634
refers to a group of nerve cells that extends from lamina VII into the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Nucleus proprius ventralis
Nucleus proprius cornu ventralis
Nucleus proprius of the anterior horn
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1635
refers to the second most superficial layer of the posterior gray column of the spinal central gray. It extends the length of the cord but is especially large in the cervical enlargement and the lumbar enlargement ( Carpenter-1983; Jastrow-2007 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
Rexed's lamina II
gelatinous substance
Substantia gelatinosa
желатинозная субстанция
студенистое вещество
gelatinous substance of posterior horn of spinal cord
lamina II
sustancia gelatinosa
Rolando's substance
substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord
sostanza gelatinosa
Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
lámina II
Lamina spinalis II
Lamina 2
lamina II
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1637
refers to the part of the gray commissure anterior to the central canal of the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962 ).
anterior gray commissure
ventral gray commissure of cord
comisura gris
ventral gray commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1638
refers to the nuclei located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
anterior horn nuclei
Nucleus motorii lateralis
corno grigio anteriore
передний рог спинного мозга
передний столб спинного мозга
Vorderhorn
núcleos motores laterales
anterior horn nuclear group
motor nucleus of spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1639
refers to the deep midline furrow on the anterior surface of the spinal cord; it contains the anterior spinal artery and vein ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cisura media anterior
anterior median fissure of the spinal cord
fissura mediana anteriore
fisur anterior median
surco medio anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1640
refers to a bundle of fibers that originates from neurons in the spinal central gray, decussates in the anterior white commissure at various levels of the spinal cord and ascends contralaterally in the anterior white column and the anterior part of the lateral white column. A number of of its fibers terminate in the medulla. Those remaining merge with the lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla to form the spinothalamic tract of the medulla ( Carpenter-1983 ). The anterior spinothalamic tract consists of the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the anterior spinothalamic tract of the medulla.
haz espinotalámico anterior
Tractus spinothalamicus anterior
Tractus spinothalamicus medialis
ventral spinothalamic tract
Tractus spinothalamicus ventralis
anterior spinothalamic tract
traktus spinotalamik anterior
tratto spinotalamico anteriore
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1641
refers to a bundle of myelinated fibers that cross the midline of the spinal cord just below the central canal of the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962 ).
ventral white commissure of cord
Commissura alba
comisura blanca anterior
anterior white commissure
komisur putih anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1642
refers to a subdivision of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. It is formed by approximately 2% of the corticospinal fibers that do not cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends in the lateral white column anterior to the lateral corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
tratto corticospinale anterolaterale
fibres pyramidales homolaterales superficelles of Dejerine
uncrossed lateral corticospinal tract
anterolateral corticospinal tract
anterolateral corticospinal tract of Barnes
traktus kortikospinal lateral
haz corticoespinal lateral directo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1643
refers to a fiber bundle of the spinal cord variously defined as including either all or parts of the anterior white column and lateral white column ( Anthoney-1994 ).
anterolateral white column
anterolateral funiculus
funikel anterolateral
Vorderseitenstrang
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1644
refers to a furrow located on the anterolateral surface of the spinal cord between the anterior white column and the lateral white column, where the ventral root fibers exit the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord
sulkus anterolateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1646
refers to the part of the frontal lobe that overlies part of the most rostral portion of the insula in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection, it is the part of the frontal lobe separated from the underlying insula by the ventral part of the anterior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). It is composed of caudal lips of the orbital gyri ( Mai-2004 ). It is one of three parts of the opercular cortex in humans. The others are the frontoparietal operculum and the temporal operculum. It is not found in macaques, where the rostral extreme of the insula is continuous with the orbital gyri ( Mesulam-1984 ), nor in rodents, which lack an insula ( NeuroNames ).
basal operculum
orbital operculum
Operculum orbitale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1647
refers to an oval or fusiform part of the posterior gray column described variously as located between the neck of the posterior horn of the spinal cord and lamina I (Gray-1918a; Crosby-1962 ) or lamina III ( Jastrow-2007 ).
Caput of dorsal horn
caput of the dorsal horn
Caput cornuis dorsalis
Caput cornus posterioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1648
refers to a cell column that occupies lamina VII in the upper four cervical segments of the spinal cord. It is located lateral to the intermediomedial cell column ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the mouse it extends into the medulla ( Paxinos-2001 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
nucleo cervicale centrale
núcleo cervical central
central cervical nuclear group
central cervical nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1649
refers to an area surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord in the gray commissure; it is composed mainly of neuroglia ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lamina X
lámina X
central gelatinous substance
central glial substance
substantia gliosa (spinalis)
Substantia gelatinosa spinalis
Substantia gelationsa centralis
Rexed's lamina X
lamina X
substansi gelatin
Lamina spinalis X
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1650
refers to the anterior gray column, the posterior gray column and the lateral gray column of the spinal cord. They constitute the entire spinal central gray except lamina X crossing the midline and the portion of lamina VII not occupied by the lateral gray column ( Carpenter-1983; Schiebler-1999 ).
central gray columns
colonne grigie centrali
columnas grises centrales
central gray columns of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1652
refers to a group of cells in lamina VI of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord. It is the site of termination of the dorsal root fibers ( Carpenter-1983 ).
centrobasal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1653
refers to the lowest four cervical segments and the first thoracic segments of the spinal cord. It is associated with nerve roots that innervate the upper extremities and is one of two cord enlargements; the other is the lumbar enlargement ( Carpenter-1983, Malas-2000 ).
Intumescentia cervicalis
ensanchamiento cervical
cervical enlargement
intumensi servikal
rigonfiamento cervicale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1654
refers to eight segments of the spinal cord located at its superior end ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cervical segments
Halssegmente, Zervikalregion
zervikale Rückenmark
segmen spinal servikal
Pars cervicalis
Halsregionen
Zervikalmark
Zervikalsegmente
Segmenta cervicalia
cervical segments of spinal cord
Halsmark
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1655
refers to a group of fibers that originates from the lateral cervical nucleus in the first two cervical segments of the spinal cord. These fibers ascend lateral to the medial lemniscus and terminate in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983; Hagg-2004 ).
cervicothalamic tract
cervicothalamic fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1656
refers to the most caudal portion of the spinal cord, which gives rise to one, and in some individuals two, spinal nerves ( Schiebler-1999 ).
coccygeal segments of spinal cord
Segmenta coccygea
Coczygealmark
Kokzygealmark
Kokzygealsegment
Pars coccygea
coccygeal segments
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1658
refers to a group of cells in the medial portion of the anterior gray column; it corresponds roughly to lamina VIII ( Anthoney-1994; Carpenter-1983 ).
commissural nucleus of the spinal cord
commissural nucleus-2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1659
refers to the part of the cuneate fasciculus in the spinal cord. It is located between the gracile fasciculus of the spinal cord and the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cuneate fasciculus of the spinal cord
fasikel kuneat (sumsumtulangbelakang)
Fasciculus cuneatus (spinalis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1661
refers to nerve fibers that enter the spinal cord in the posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord; they conduct afferent sensory signals to the posterior gray column ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fibras radiculares dorsales
Radix posterior
dorsal roots
Hinterwurzel
posterior root of spinal nerve
dorsal spinal roots
filamenti della radice dorsale
raíz dorsal
hintere Wurzel
radice dorsale
Radix dorsalis nervi spinalis
filamenti della radice dorsali
dorsal root fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1663
refers to a bundle of fibers that arises from the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum, crosses the midline, descends ventral to the spinal trigeminal tract and ends in the cervical segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
fastigiospinal fibers
fastigiospinal tract
fibre fastigiospinali
fibras fastigioespinales
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1664
refers to the part of the gracile fasciculus in the spinal cord (NeuroNames).
fasikel grasil (sumsumtulangbelakang)
Fasciculus gracilis (spinalis)
gracile fasciculus of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1665
refers to the bridge of gray matter that contains the central canal of the spinal cord and connects the gray columns on either side of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
commissura grigia
Substantia (grisea) intermedia centralis
comisura gris anterior
central intermediate substance of spinal cord
gray commissure
Commissura grisea
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1666
refers to a bundle of fibers that cross the spinal cord near its junction with the medulla. It is described as located ventral to the gracile fasciculus and dorsal to the central canal, but it is illustrated as crossing the midline ventral to the central canal ( Crosby-1962 ).
commissure of Haller
Commissura infima
inferior commissure of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1667
refers to one of three central gray columns of the spinal cord. Located laterally in lamina VII, it is most prominent in the thoracic segments. The other columns are the anterior gray column and the posterior gray column. Because of its appearance in cross section it is also called the lateral horn ( Carpenter-1983; Schiebler-1999 ).
intermediolateral nucleus
Nuclei intermediolaterales
intermediolateral column of the spinal cord
intermediolateral spinal column
Seitenhorn des Rückenmarks
tanduk lateral
Columna intermedia
columna celular intermediolateral
lateral intermediate substance of spinal cord
nucleo intermediolare
Cornu laterale
intermediolateral gray horn
lateral horn
Substantia (grisea) intermedia lateralis
núcleo intermediolateral
intermediolateral gray column
lateral gray column
intermediolateral cell column
nukleus intermediolateral
colonna intermediolaterale
Seitenhorn
corno laterale
asta lateral
Seitensäule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1668
refers to a cell column in the spinal central gray that occupies the medial portion of lamina VII along the central canal of the spinal cord ( Anthoney-1994; Carpenter-1983 ).
Nucleus intermediomedialis
intermediomedial spinal column
núcleo intermediomedial
intermediomedial cell column
nukleus intermediomedial
nucleo intermediomediale
intermediomedial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1669
refers to a group of cells in the spinal central gray ( Carpenter-1983 ).
internuncial nuclear group
células internunciales
neuroni internunciali
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1670
refers to a fiber pathway that originates primarily in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and descends mainly ipsilaterally in the medial longitudinal fasciculus to the spinal cord. In the spinal cord it descends in the anterior white column and terminates in lamina VII and lamina VIII of the sacral segments ( Paxinos-2004; Dorland-2004 ).
traktus interstisiospinal
Fasciculus interstitiospinalis
interstitiospinal tract
interstitiospinal fibers
haz intersticionalespinal
tratto interstiziospinale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1671
refers to the smaller of two components of dorsal root fibers to the spinal cord as identified by dissection. It conducts signals from heat, cold and pain receptors to the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lateral bundle
lateral division of the dorsal root
haz lateral
laterales Bündel
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1672
refers to a group of cells oriented longitudinally and embedded in the lateral white column close to the posterior gray column in upper cervical segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by Nissl stain the cell group extends into the lower third of the medulla where it may constitute the paratrigeminal nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). The nucleus is found in the rat, cat and dog; it appears in only 50% of humans and is well developed in only 10% ( Truex-1970 ).
Nucleus cervicalis lateralis
nukleus servikal lateral
lateral cervical nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673
refers to the fiber tract located between the anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord and the posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
intermediate column of spinal cord
Seitenstrang
funikulus lateral
боковой канатик
lateral white column
kolom lateral
cordón lateral
funikel lateral
columna lateralis medullae spinalis
intermediate zone of spinal cord
funicolo laterale
lateral column
Funiculus lateralis
lateral column of spinal cord
lateral funiculus
Columna lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1674
refers to a motor cell group in the spinal cord that is especially prominent in sections that innervate distal portions of the extremities. Thus, it is larger in the cervical segments and the lumbar segments than in the thoracic segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).
gruppo nucleare laterale
Nuclei motorii lateralis
grupo nuclear lateral
lateral nuclear group of the anterior horn
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1675
refers to a bundle of fibers that originates largely from neurons in lamina I, lamina IV and lamina V of the spinal central gray. The tract ascends in the lateral white column medial to the ventral spinocerebellar tract and merges with the anterior spinothalamic tract in the medulla fo form the spinothalamic tract of the medulla ( Carpenter-1983 ). The lateral spinothalamic tract consists of the lateral spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla.
traktus neospinotalamik (NSTT)
haz espinotalámico lateral
traktus spinotalamik lateral
Tractus spinothalamicus lateralis
dorsal spinothalamic tract
tratto spinotalamico laterale
lateral spinothalamic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1676
refers to the section of the spinal cord that extends from lumbar segments 1 to sacral segments 3. It is associated with nerve roots that innervate the lower extremities and is one of two cord enlargements; the other is the cervical enlargement ( Carpenter-1983, Malas-2000 ).
lumbar enlargement
intumensi lumboscral
Intumescentia lumbosacralis
ensanchamiento lumbar
lumbosacral enlargement
rigonfiamento lombare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1677
refers to the parts of the spinal cord that give rise to nerves entering and leaving the spinal canal at the levels of the lumbar vertebrae. These segments have massive anterior gray column and posterior gray column and are nearly circular in horizontal sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Lumbalmark
Segmenta lumbalia
lumbar segments of spinal cord
Pars lumbalis
Lumbalsegmente
lumbar segments
segmen spinal lumbal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1678
refers to a spinal cord structure situated between the lateral and the medial subdivisions of the anterior gray column; it extends from the lumbar segments 2 to the sacral segments 2 ( Crosby-1962; Anthoney-1994 ).
central nucleus of lumbosacral enlargement
lumbosacral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1679
refers to the surface of the dentate gyrus that is bounded inferiorly by the hippocampal fissure and superiorly by the fimbriodentate fissure ( Mai-1997 ).
margo denticulatus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1680
refers to the larger of two components of dorsal root fibers to the spinal cord as identified by dissection. It conducts signals from touch, pressure and proprioceptive receptors to the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
haz medial
medial bundle
mediales Bündel
medial division of the dorsal root
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1681
refers to a group of cells, posteromedial and anteromedial, in the spinal cord. The posteromedial group is more distinct in the cervical enlargement and the lumbar enlargement and may be absent in the sacral segments. The anteromedial group is more distinct in the cervical segments 1, 2 and 4, thoracic segments 1 and 2, lumbar segments 3 and 4, and sacral segments 2 and 3 ( Carpenter-1983 ).
grupo nuclear medial
medial nuclear group of the anterior horn
Nuclei motorii medialis
gruppo nucleare mediale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1682
refers to a fiber bundle that originates in the gigantocellular nucleus of the medulla and terminates at various levels of the spinal cord. It is composed of the lateral reticulospinal tract of the medulla and the lateral reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord. In the medulla the tract descends ipsilaterally and contralaterally dorsal to the inferior olivary complex and lateral to the dorsal accessory nucleus of the inferior olive. In the spinal cord it descends in the lateral white column ( Hanaway-1998 ).
medullary reticulospinal tract
fibre reticolospinali bulbari
tratto reticolospinale bulbare
haz reticuloespinal bulbar
bulboreticulospinal tract
lateral reticulospinal tract
medullary reticulospinal fibers
traktus retikulospinal lateral
Tractus bulboreticulospinalis
reticulospinal tract, lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1683
refers to a fiber bundle located in the transition zone between the lateral white column and the anterior white column on the anterior surface of the spinal cord. It was originally said to descend from the inferior olivary complex to cervical segments of the spinal cord. Some authors report, however, that it contains fibers of the spino-olivary tracts, not olivospinal fibers ( Carpenter-1983, Brodal-1950 ). It is composed of the olivospinal tract of the medulla and the olivospinal tract of the spinal cord.
olivospinal tract
triangular fasciculus
olivospinal tract of Helweg
оливоспинномозговой путь
olivospinal fibers
Helweg-Dreikantenbahn
Helweg'sche-Dreikantenbahn
Helweg's tract
triangular tract
Tractus olivospinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1684
refers to a structure of the forebrain that is located between the lateral hypothalamic area and the internal capsule at the level of the medial globus pallidus ( Mai-1997 ).
Nucleus pallidohypothalamicus
pallidohypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1685
refers to a fiber bundle that originates in the rostral pontine reticular nucleus and the caudal pontine reticular nucleus. It descends in the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons and the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla and in the anterior white column of the spinal cord, where it terminates at all levels ( Hanaway-1998 ). It is composed of the medial reticulospinal tract of the pons, the medial reticulospinal tract of the medulla and the medial reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord.
pontine Fasern
pontine reticulospinal tract
pontine reticulospinal fibers
medial reticulospinal tract
Tractus pontoreticulospinalis
traktus retikulospinal medial
traktus retikulospinal pons
reticulospinal tract, medial part
tratto reticolospinale pontino
haz reticulosespinal protuberancial
pontoreticulospinal tract
ventral reticulospinal tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1686
refers to one of three central gray columns of the spinal cord. It is composed of gray spinal laminae I-VI ( Schiebler-1999 ). The other columns are the lateral gray column and the anterior gray column. Because of its appearance in cross section it is also called the dorsal horn ( Carpenter-1983 ).
tanduk kelabu posterior
tanduk posterior
corno posteriore
Hinterhorn
dorsal gray column
posterior horn nuclear group
posterior gray horn
dorsal funicular gray
posterior gray column
dorsal horn
colonna grigia posteriore
posterior horn
corno grigio posteriore
asta gris posterior
dorsal column gray
Hintersäule
Columna posterior
Cornu posterius
asta posterior
Columna dorsalis
columna gris posterior
Cornu dorsale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1688
refers to a glial partition that extends from the base of the posterior intermediate sulcus of the spinal cord into the posterior white column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
posterior intermediate septum
tabique intermedio posterior
setto intermedio posteriore
setto posteriore intermedio
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1689
refers to a shallow furrow located on the surface of the posterior white column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
sulkus intermedius posterior
solco intermedio posteriore
surco intermedio posterior
Sulcus intermedius posterior
posterior intermediate sulcus of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1690
refers to a glial partition that separates the posterior white column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
posterior median septum
setto mediano posteriore
setto posteriore mediano
sekat median posterior
Septum medianum posterius
tabique medio posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1691
refers to a shallow furrow located on the posterior surface of the spinal cord; it is continuous with the posterior median septum ( Carpenter-1983 ).
posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord
solco posteriore mediano
Sulcus medianus dorsalis
Sulcus medianus posterior
sulkus median posterior
solco mediano posteriore
surco medio posterior
surco posterior medio
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1692
refers to the largest column in the spinal cord, which is located between the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord and the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
posterior column tracts
dorsal white column
columna blanca posterior
Funiculus posterior s. F. cu, F. gr
dorsal funiculus
posterior columns
cordón posterior
posterior funiculus
colonne bianche posteriori
Funiculus posterior
posterior white column
Hinterstrang
funikel posterior
kolom posterior
Funiculus dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1693
refers to a shallow furrow located between the posterior white column and the lateral white column, where the dorsal root fibers enter the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
posterior lateral sulcus
solco posterolaterale
surco posterolateral
posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord
sulkus posterolateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1694
refers to a group of cells in the posterior gray column of the spinal cord; it is found only in the cervical segments ( Carpenter-1983 ) lateral to the proper sensory nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ) in lamina V ( Jastrow-2007 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
reticular process
nucleo reticolare di midollo spinali
reticular nucleus of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1695
refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the posterior gray column of the spinal cord between lamina II and lamina IV ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lamina III
Rexed's lamina III
Lamina 3
lámina III
lamina III
Lamina spinalis III
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1696
refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the posterior gray column of the spinal cord between lamina III and lamina V ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Rexed's lamina IV
Lamina 4
lamina IV
lamina IV
lámina IV
Lamina spinalis IV
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1697
refers to a number of slender gray columns identified by cytoarchitecture in the spinal central gray. They are embedded in lamina VIII and in the lateral portion of lamina VII of the anterior gray column. In cross sections of the spinal cord they appear as islands of large cells distributed within the other laminas ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Lamina spinalis IX
lámina IX
lamina IX
Lamina 9
lamina IX
Rexed's lamina IX
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1698
refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the posterior gray column of the spinal cord between lamina IV and two different laminar structures at different levels. In the cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement it is bounded anteriorly by lamina VI; in other parts of the cord lamina VI is not present and its anterior boundary is with lamina VII ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lamina V
Lamina 5
lámina V
lamina V
Lamina spinalis V
neck of the dorsal horn
Rexed's lamina V
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1699
refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located at the base of the posterior gray column between lamina V and lamina VII. It is found only in the cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
base of the dorsal horn
lámina VI
lamina VI
Lamina 6
lamina VI
Rexed's lamina VI
Lamina spinalis VI
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1700
refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies the intermediate gray column lateral to lamina X and a variable portion of the anterior gray column depending on which of the spinal segments is involved. It is sandwiched between lamina VI at the base of the posterior gray column and lamina VIII in the anterior gray column. Some of the slender columns of lamina IX are embedded in lamina VII ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Rexed's lamina VII
lamina VII
Lamina 7
lámina VII
Lamina spinalis VII
lamina VII
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1701
refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord, it varies in size. In the cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement it occupies only the medial part of the column; at other levels it extends across the entire width of the column. It is bounded by lamina VII posterolaterally, and slender columns of lamina IX are embedded in it ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lamina VIII
Lamina 8
lámina VIII
Rexed's lamina VIII
lamina VIII
Lamina spinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1702
refers to one of ten gray spinal laminae; it surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord, contains the central glial substance and is present in all spinal segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Substantia gelatinosa centralis
Lamina spinalis X
lámina X
Rexed's lamina X
lamina X
Lamina 10
lamina X
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703
refers to a segmentation scheme for the gray substance of the spinal cord based on the size, shape and distribution of neurons. It consists of lamina I, lamina II, lamina III, lamina IV, lamina V, lamina VI, lamina VII, lamina VIII, lamina IX, and lamina X, the boundaries between which vary in distinctiveness ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Rexed's laminae
gray spinal laminae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1704
refers to a group of neurons in the spinal cord located along the lateral gray column in sacral segments 2 to 4 ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally they belong to the parasympathetic preganglionic pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
intermediolateral spinal column, sacral division
nuclei autonomici sacrali
sacral autonomic nuclei
nukleus otonom sakral
núcleos autónomos sacros
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1705
refers to a group of cells in the sacral segments (2 to 4) of the spinal cord that extends laterally from the region of the central canal of the spinal cord between the anterior gray column and the posterior gray column ( Crosby-1962 ).
sacral parasympathetic gray
sacral parasympathetic cell column
Nuclei parasympathici sacrales
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1706
refers to the most caudal five segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Segmenta sacralia
segmen spinal sakral
sacral segments of spinal cord
Sakralmark
Sakralsegmente
sacral segments
Pars sacralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1707
refers to the middle subdivision of the descending branches of the dorsal root fibers. It is located near the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord in the lumbar segments ( Anthoney-1994 ). The other subdivisions are the semilunar tract in the cervical segments and thoracic segments and the tract of Phillippe-Gombault in the sacral segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).
septomarginal tract
oval area of Flechsig
septomarginal fasciculus
Fasciculus septomarginalis
ovales Bündel
fascicolo settomarginale
Hoche's tract
fasikel septomarginal
fascículo septomarginal
Flechsig'sches ovale Feld
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1708
refers to a structure located in the anterior gray column between cervical segments 1 and 5 or 6 of the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962 ).
accessory nucleus
spinal accessory nucleus
spinal nucleus of nerve XI
spinaler Akzessoriuskern (XI)
спиннмозговое ядро добавочного нерва
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1709
refers to a fiber bundle in the spinal cord that arises from the accessory nerve nucleus in the anterior gray column of cervical segments 1 to 5 or 6. It emerges from the cord just caudal to the cranial part of the accessory nerve ( Crosby-1962 ).
nervo accessorio spinale
Radices spinales nervi accessorii
spinal accessory nerve-1
Nervus accessorius, pars spinalis
Nerve XI (spinalis)
спинномозговой нерв
external branch of accessory nerve
spinal portion of eleventh cranial nerve
porción espinal del nervio accesorio
spinal part of the accessory nerve
accessory spinal nerve
parte spinale del N. XI
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1710
refers to a group of uncrossed fibers in the spinal cord that originate in lamina IV at all spinal levels and ascend in the anterolateral white column ( Carpenter-1983 ).
spinocervical tract
Tractus spinocervicalis
spinocervical fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1711
refers to a fiber bundle that originates at all levels of the spinal cord and ascends parallel to the corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
spinocortical fibers
spinocortical tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1712
refers to a fiber bundle that originates in the spinal cord and terminates in the pontine nuclei ( Carpenter-1983 ).
spinopontine tract
spinopontine fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1713
refers to a fiber bundle that arises largely from lamina I, lamina IV and lamina V of the spinal cord. It includes both crossed and uncrossed fibers that ascend in the lateral white column and terminate variously in the medulla and pons. It consists of three successive parts: the spinoreticular tract of the spinal cord, the spinoreticular tract of the medulla and the spinoreticular tract of the pons ( Nomina-1983; Carpenter-1983 ).
spinoreticular fibers
spinoreticular pathway
spinoreticular tract
fibre spinoreticolari ascendenti
fibras espinorreticulares ascendentes
Tractus spinoreticularis
traktus spinoretikular
spinobulbar tract (Noback)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1714
refers to a bundle of nerve fibers in the lateral white column of the spinal cord, most of which ascend contralaterally to terminate in the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus ( Dorland-2004 ). This tract is composed of the spinotectal tract of the spinal cord, spinotectal tract of the medulla, spinotectal tract of the pons and the spinotectal tract of the tectum.
spinotectal fibers
tratto spinotettale
spinotectal pathway
traktus spinotektal
Tractus spinotectalis
haz espinotectal
spinotectal tract
fibre spinotettale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1715
refers to a fiber bundle that projects from the spinal cord to the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
traktus spinovestibular
spinovestibular tract
spinovestibular pathway
spinovestibular fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1716
refers to a substructure of the nucleus accumbens in the human ( Mai-1997 ).
subventricular terminal island
Insula terminalis subventricularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1718
refers to the 9th to 20th segments of the spinal cord. They are located between the cervical segments and the lumbar segments and range from T1 to T12 ( Carpenter-1983 ).
thoracic segments of spinal cord
Pars thoracica
Thorakalmark
Segmenta thoracica
segmen spinal torakal
thoracic segments
Thorakalsegmente
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1719
refers to the lowermost subdivision of the descending branches of the dorsal root fibers, which is located in the sacral segments of the spinal cord. The other subdivisions are the semilunar tract in the cervical segments and thoracic segments and the septomarginal tract in the lumbar segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).
triangle of Phillippe-Gombault
Gombault-Philippe triangle
tract of Phillippe-Gombault
Phillippe-Gombault'sche-Triangel
Phillippe-Gombault-Triangel
Gombault-Philippe Bündel
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1720
refers to the five pairs of spinal nerves that attach to the spinal cord in the sacral region ( Kahle-2001 ).
sacral nerves
Sakralnervenpaare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1721
denotes a horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis based on cranial landmarks. It passes through the inferior margins of the orbits and the superior margins of the external auditory canals ( Schiebler-1999 ).
German horizontal plane
deutsche Horizontalebene
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1722
refers to a collection of nerve fibers, ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. It is a component of the posterior white column. Myelinated fibers are located adjacent to the spinal central gray. Shorter fibers are closer to, longer fibers further from the gray. Some fibers are unmyelinated and scattered through the posterior column ( Schoenen-2004 ). The tract is one of three propriospinal tracts in which most pathways intrinsic to the spinal cord are located. The others are the ventral propriospinal tract and the lateral propriospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).
posterior intersegmental tract of spinal cord
cornucommissural tract
posterior intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord
Fasciculi proprii dorsales
dorsal fasciculus proprius of spinal cord
posterior ground bundle
Fasciculi proprii posteriores
dorsal intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord
dorsal intersegmental tract of spinal cord
posterior fasciculus proprius
Fasciculus proprius posterior medullae spinalis
dorsal propriospinal tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1723
refers to an area of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum that is located lateral to the lingula of the cerebellar vermis ( Zilles-2000 ).
Vincingulum lingulae
Vinculum lingulae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1724
refers to one of three parts of the reticular formation of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally on the basis of histochemical stains for neurotransmitters and related enzymes, cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and function as well as conventional stains for Nissl substance and myelin. It is located in the brainstem between the mediane Zone (Formatio reticularis) and the laterale parvozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis). A prominent feature is large neurones with: 1) long horizontally oriented dendrites, and 2) axons that divide into long ascending and descending branches with numerous side branches ( Schiebler-1999 ).
mediale magnozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1725
refers to the 12 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord in the thoracic region ( Kahle-2001 ).
Thorakalnervenpaare
thoracic nerves
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1726
refers to fiber pathways that connect the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus and the midline nuclear group of the thalamus with the frontal lobe through the anterior thalamic peduncle, the anterior limb of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and the thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.
anterior thalamic radiations
anterior thalamic radiation
radiazione talamica anteriore
Radiationes thalamicae anteriores
перение таламические лучистости
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1727
refers to a cross-sectional view of the brain. The meanings of the terms sagittal plane, coronal plane and horizontal plane vary depending on the position of the head regarded as standard by the author. In BrainInfo they are defined in accordance with Gray-1918a. The body is assumed to be in the standard anatomical position, i.e., standing erect and facing forward. Sagittal planes are planes of section parallel to the median plane, "the vertical antero-posterior plane passing through the center of the trunk. This plane will pass approximately through the sagittal suture of the skull, and hence any plane parallel to is termed a sagittal plane. A vertical plane at right angles to the median plane passes, roughly speaking, through the central part of the coronal suture or through a line parallel to it; such a plane is known as a frontal plane or sometimes as a coronal plane. A plane at right angles to both the median and frontal planes is termed a transverse plane." A common synonym for the transverse plane used in BrainInfo is "horizontal plane". For a thorough review and discussion of the use of these and related terms in clinical and comparative neuroanatomy, see Anthoney-1994.
plane of section
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1728
refers to one of two subdivisions of the basal cistern; the other is the anterior basal cistern. The medial part of these two cisterns is referred to as the suprasellar cistern. The posterior basal cistern is a cerebrospinal fluid filled subarachnoid space between the ventral surface of the brain and the cranium that extends from the Foramen magnum to the Dorsum sellae. It includes the Cisterna pontocerebellaris, the interpeduncular cistern, and the superior cistern ( Schiebler-1999; Kretschmann-2004 ).
posterior basal cistern
hintere Basalzisterne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1729
refers to a cross-sectional view of the brain commonly presented in illustrations of its internal structure. Roughly speaking, the term refers to a vertical plane that extends from the back to the front to the brain. For a more precise definition of the use of this term in BrainInfo see " plane of section ". For a comprehensive review and discussion of uses of this and related terms by different authors, see Anthoney-1994.
sagittal plane
parasagittal section
sagittal section
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1730
refers to the five pairs of spinal nerves that attach to the spinal cord in the lumbar region ( Kahle-2001 ).
Lumbalnervenpaare
lumbar nerves
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1732
refers to a nucleus composed of three parts: the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the interpolar part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. In the classical model of the nervous system of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ) is located dorsolaterally in the rostral hindbrain. In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system as illustrated in brain atlases of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
nucleus of descending tract of trigeminal
spinal trigeminal nucleus
Kern der spinalen Trigeminuswurzel
nucleo del tratto trigeminale spinale
Nucleus spinalis nervi trigeminalis
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal
Nucleus inferior nervi trigemini
nucleo discendente del nervo trigemino
Nucleus tracti spinalis nervi trigemini
Nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
nucleus of descending root of trigeminal
trigeminospinal nucleus
nucleo spinale del N. V
nucleus of spinal trigeminal tract
nukleus spinal saraf V
ядро спинномозгового пути тройничного нерва
núcleo trigeminoespinal
nucleo trigeminale spinale
nucleus radicis descendentis nervi trigemini
Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1733
refers to a narrow cerebrospinal fluid-filled channel located centrally within the spinal cord ( Anthoney-1994 ).
central canal of the spinal cord
ependymal canal
Canalis centralis
центральный канал (спинного мозга)
Zentralkanal des Rückenmarks
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1735
refers to a collection of nerve fibers, ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. It is a component of the anterior white columns.The fibers are largely myelinated and run close to the spinal central gray for the length of the cord. Shorter fibers are closer to, longer fibers further from the gray. Other prominent components of the anterior columns are the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord, the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord. The ventral propriospinal tract is one of three propriospinal tracts in which most pathways intrinsic to the spinal cord are located. The others are the dorsal propriospinal tract and the lateral propriospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983; Schoenen-2004 ).
ventral intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord
ventral propriospinal tract
anterior fasciculus proprius
Fasciculi proprii anteriores
anterior intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord
Fasciculus proprius anterior medullae spinalis
anterior intersegmental tract of the spinal cord
Fasciculi proprii ventrales
anterior ground bundle
ventral fasciculus proprius of spinal cord
ventral intersegmental tract of spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1736
refers to a composite structure of the brainstem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons, the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of the midbrain.
Bindearm
передние ножки мозжечка
superior cerebellar peduncle (Galen, Stilling)
pedunkel serebelar superior
pedúnculo cerebeloso superior
pedunculus cerebellaris superior
Pedunculus cerebellaris superior
brachium conjunctivum
Crus cerebello-cerebrale
Pedunculus cerebellaris cranialis
Tractus cerebello-rubralis
brakium konjuntivum
Pedunculus cerebellaris rostralis
Tractus cerebello-tegmentalis mesencephali
Brachium conjunctivum
верхняя мозжечковая ножка
superior cerebellar peduncle
peduncolo cerebellare superiore
верхняя ножка мозжечка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1737
refers to one of three parts of the reticular formation of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally on the basis of histochemical stains for neurotransmitters and related enzymes, connectivity, cytoarchitecture and function as well as conventional stains for Nissl substance and myelin. It is located in the very midline of the brainstem and includes the many raphe nuclei (classical) whose neurons are predominantly serotonergic. The other parts are the mediale magnozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis) and the laterale parvozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis) ( Schiebler-1999 ).
mediane Zone (Formatio reticularis)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1738
refers to fine fiber bundles that separate from corticobulbar fibers at different levels of the midbrain and pons and join to form the mesencephalic aberrant tract and the pontine aberrant tract as parts of the medial lemniscus ( Kahle-2001 ).
Fibrae aberrantes (Dejerine)
aberrant fibers (Dejerine)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1740
refers to a composite structure of the spinal cord that includes the gracile fasciculus and the cuneate fasciculus ( Zilles-2000 ).
Tractus spinobulbaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1741
refers to a cell group that lies rostral to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in the pretectal region ( Kahle-2001 ).
Nucleus praestitialis
prestitial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1742
represents the composite of the two outermost layers of the CA fields, the lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus and the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
strato molecolare
molecular layer of the hippocampus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1743
refers to one of two subdivisions of the basal cistern; the other is the posterior basal cistern. The medial part of these two cisterns is referred to as the suprasellar cistern. The anterior basal cistern is a cerebrospinal fluid filled expansion of subarachnoid space that extends from the Dorsum sellae to the anterior extreme of the cranial cavity. Continuous with the interpeduncular cistern caudally, it bounds the mammillary body, the infundibular stem, the optic tract, the optic chiasm, the olfactory tract, the olfactory bulb and adjacent areas of the frontal lobe. It includes the chiasmatic cistern ( Schiebler-1999; Kretschmann-2004 ).
anterior basal cistern
vordere Basalzisterne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1744
refers to a collection of nerve fibers, ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. Its fibers are largely myelinated. It is a component of the lateral white columns. Most prominent in the cervical and lumbar regions, it is located close to the spinal central gray. Shorter fibers are closer to, longer fibers further from the gray The tract is one of three propriospinal tracts in which most pathways intrinsic to the spinal cord are located. The others are the ventral propriospinal tract and the dorsal propriospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983; Schoenen-2004 ).
lateral propriospinal tract
Fasciculi proprii laterales
lateral intersegmental tract of spinal cord
lateral intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord
Fasciculus proprius lateralis medullae spinalis
lateral fasciculus proprius of spinal cord
lateral ground bundle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1746
refers to parts of the spinal cord that correspond to five divisions of the vertebral column. They include the cervical segments, thoracic segments, lumbar segments, sacral segments and coccygeal segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).
spinal segments
Segmenta medullae spinalis
Spinalsegmente
Rückenmarkssegmente
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1747
refers to the five cranial nerves that contain the special visceral efferents: the trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, vagus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and accessory nerve ( Carpenter-1983 ).
visceral arch nerves
saraf-otak lengkung viseral
branchiomeric cranial nerves
Kiemenbogennerven
saraf-otak brankiomer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1748
is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a horizontal plexus of myelinated fibers in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex ( Schiebler-1999 ).
Exner-Streifen
plexus of Exner
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1749
refers to a region at the junction of the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex that is defined on the basis of function ( Crosby-1962 ).
visual-auditory cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1750
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that includes all substructures of archicortex except the paraterminal gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
archicortex (Carpenter)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1751
refers to one of three central gray columns of the spinal cord. It is composed of lamina VIII and lamina IX ( Schiebler-1999 ). The other columns are the lateral gray column and the posterior gray column. Because of its appearance in cross section it is also called the anterior or ventral horn ( Carpenter-1983 ). In addition to the human it is found in the macaque ( NeuroNames ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it is a major component of the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
corno anteriore
Vordersäule
передний столб
ventral gray column
ventral horn of the spinal cord
ventral horn spinal cord
anterior gray horn
anterior horn
tanduk anterior
Columna anterior
columna gris anterior
Cornu anterius
asta anterior
asta gris anterior
ventral horn of the spinal cord, general
ventral horn
colonna grigia anteriore
anterior gray column
Vorderhorn
tanduk kelabu anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1752
refers to a subdivision of the medullary body of the cerebellum of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is not readily distinguished in myelin stained cross-sections.
cerebellar commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1753
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that are located in the periaqueductal gray at the level of the trochlear nucleus in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) and to a lesser degree in the macaque ( Felten-1983 ).
noradrenergic group Acg
Acg cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1754
refers to a group of cells that label for parvalbumin; they are located at the lateral border of the lateral hypothalamic area in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
parvalbumin-containing nucleus of the hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1755
refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
beta subnucleus of the inferior olive
inferior olive, beta subnucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1756
refers to the combination of the median raphe nucleus and the paramedian raphe nucleus in the midline of the pontine reticular formation. The combination is found in the human ( Hornung-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ). (Note that the term 'superior central nucleus' was long used in reference simply to the median raphe nucleus.)
superior central nucleus raphe (Bechterew)
median and paramedian raphe nuclei
central superior nucleus of the raphe
superior central nucleus raphe
central superior medial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1757
refers to a group of cells located dorsal to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
supratrigeminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1758
refers to a group of cells that label for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin); thus, they are regarded as 'putative adrenergic cells'. They are found in the ventrolateral medulla in conjunction with the noradrenergic group A1. The adrenergic group C1 is seen in vertebrates, including rodents and primates ( Kitahama-1994 ).
C1 adrenaline cells
C1 cell group
adrenergic group C1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1759
refers to a substructure of the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ). (See Models Where It Appears below). It is equivalent to part of the ventral nuclear group lateral to the submedial nucleus in the classical segmentation of the thalamus.
ventromedial thalamic nucleus
ventral medial nucleus thalamus
ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus
ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1761
refers to a group of cells in the reuniens nucleus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).
xiphoid nucleus of the thalamus
nucleus reuniens, rostral division, median part
xiphoid thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1762
refers to a group of cells ventral and medial to the medial geniculate body in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
posterior intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus
posterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1763
refers to one of two parts of the tenia tecta of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat where it contains three layers ( Swanson-1998 ); the other is the dorsal tenia tecta.
tenia tecta, ventral part
taenia tecta, ventral part
ventral tenia tecta
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1764
refers to a tract that joins the CA fields of left and right sides in the mouse (Paxinos-2001) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Forming the roof of the third ventricle anteriorly, it accompanies the alveus posteriorly.
dorsal hippocampal commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1766
refers to one of two parts of the culmen in an alternate segmentation of the vermis of the cerebellum; the other is lobule IV ( Carpenter-1983, Swanson-1998 ).
lobule V
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1767
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
medial parietal association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1768
refers to a group of cells located rostral and ventral to the posterior commissure at the rostral extreme of the midbrain tegmentum. It is so named because of it's location rostral to the commissural nucleus of the periaqueductal gray ( Swanson-2004 ). It is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
The precommisural nucleus is one of eleven groups of cells comprising the motor periaqueductal gray ( Swanson-2004 ). Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.
precommissural nucleus, periaqueductal gray (Paxinos-Watson)
precommissural nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1770
refers to a population of cells immunoreactive for dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase that are broadly distributed in the rostral forebrain, including such structures as: substantia innominata, diagonal band, olfactory tubercle, piriform area, striatum (at levels rostral to the anterior commissure), claustrum, and deep cortical layers of all gyri of the frontal lobe rostral to the head of the caudate nucleus; the cells are also numerous in intervening white matter, including the external capsule, extreme capsule and frontal white matter. They are found in the rodent, the macaque and the human ( Dubach-1994 ).
telencephalic DA neurons
telencephalic DA cell group
telencephalic dopaminergic group
telencephalic dopamine cells
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1771
refers to a small group of cells located lateral to the pyramid of the medulla in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors show it as a narrow band of cells immediately adjacent to the pyramid and composed of two parts: the deep part of the parapyramidal nucleus and the superficial part of the parapyramidal nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). Others show it as an oval group of cells between the pyramidal tract and the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus ( Paxinos-2012; Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ).
Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
parapyramidal nucleus
peripyramidal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1772
refers to one of three parts of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat as subdivided on the basis of multiple criteria. The others are the anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the dorsomedial nucleus is part of the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). In the rat and mouse the nucleus is subdivided differently by different authors; see dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
DMV
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventral part
ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1773
refers to a group of cells located between the striatum and the piriform area near the nucleus accumbens in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).
lateral striatal stripe
lateral stripe of the striatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1774
refers to a layer of white matter that separates the amygdala from the endopiriform claustrum and adjacent cerebral cortex in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is continuous dorsally with the external capsule.
amygdalar capsule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1775
refers to one of two parts of the nucleus incertus, a group of cells located dorsomedially in the pontine tegmentum of the rat. The other is the diffuse part of nucleus incertus ( Swanson-1998 ). Functionally the nucleus incertus is one of the raphe nuclei (functional) in the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
compact part of nucleus incertus
nucleus incertus, compact part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1776
refers to a transitional zone at the boundary between the amygdala and and the piriform area of cerebral cortex in the rat ( Swanson-1998; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it is not distinguished from the postpiriform transition area.
piriform amygdalar area
piriform-amygdaloid area
rostral amygdalopiriform area
piriform-amygdalar area
piriform amygdaloid area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1777
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the CA3 field of the CA fields that is deep to the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and superficial to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus ( Hof-2000 ).
stratum lucidum, hippocampus
stratum lucidum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1778
refers to one of two subdivisions of the supramammillary area (or nucleus) in rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the medial part of the supramammillary nucleus. Medial and lateral parts are not distinguished in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ).
lateral part of the supramammillary nucleus
supramammillary nucleus, lateral part
submammillothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1779
refers to a group of cells exhibiting noradrenergic fluorescence that, in the rat, are located in the Tegmen ventriculi quarti (roof of the fourth ventricle) ventral to the cerebellar nuclei ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and in the macaque are found at the edge of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle caudally, extending to beneath the floor of the ventricle where they merge with the noradrenergic group A6, the locus ceruleus ( Felten-1983 ).
noradrenergic group A4
A4 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1780
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the insula. It is distinguished from neighboring agranular insular cortex (Roberts) by the presence of granule cells and from granular insula, on the opposite side, by the presence of a single, interrupted layer of lesser numbers of granule cells instead of two distinct layers. The density of granule cells follows a declining gradient from the border with granular insula to the border with agranular insular cortex (Roberts).
In primates the dysgranular cortex forms a wide band that crosses the central insula obliquely between its caudoventral and rostrodorsal extremes ( Roberts-1963; Roberts-1970 ). In the human it is subdivided into three parts caudorostrally: insular dysgranular area 1, insular dysgranular area 2, and insular dysgranular area 3 ( Zilles-2012).
Its location in the macaque is similar to that in the human, but it is not subdivided ( Roberts-1963; Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is located on the smooth ventrolateral surface of the rostral third of the cerebral cortex, dorsal to the agranular insular cortex (Roberts) and ventral to the secondary somatosensory cortex (rostrally) and the granular insula (caudally).
gustatory area
dysgranular insular area
dysgranular insula
Cortex insularis dysgranularis
dysgranular insular cortex
gustatory cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1781
refers to groups of cells that interdigitate between fascicles of the medial forebrain bundle in the rodent ( Paxinos-2001 ). See also striatal cell bridges.
cell bridges of the ventral striatum
cell bridges of ventral striatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1782
refers to the undifferentiated, cell-sparse zone or "shell" around the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-1998 ).
tuberal area, hypothalamus
tuber cinereum area
tuberal area of hypothalamus
tuberal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1783
refers to a layer of astrocytes beneath the ependyma, which lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
subependymal glial membrane
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1784
refers to a transition zone between the striatum and the substantia innominata lateral to nucleus accumbens in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The definition is more restricted than that of the fundus striati (primate), which includes the nucleus accumbens ( Heimer-1995 ).
striatal fundus (rodent)
fundus of the striatum
fundus striati
striatal fundus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1785
refers to one of four longitudinal cell columns in the periaqueductal gray, which surrounds the dorsal and lateral aspects of the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain tegmentum. Revealed best by stain for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase), it is found in the human, macaque, rat ( Carrive-2012 ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It stains heavily compared to the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray column medial to it and similarly to the heavily stained lateral periaqueductal gray column and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray column ventral to it.
Functionally all of the columns belong to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column in the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.
periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral division
periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral division (Beitz)
dorsolateral periaqueductal gray
lateral dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray
dorsolateral division of midbrain central gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1786
refers to one of four parts of the medial dorsal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). The others are the lateral part of the medial dorsal nucleus, the medial part of the medial dorsal nucleus and the intermediodorsal nucleus.
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, central part
mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, central part
central part of the mediodorsal nucleus
central part of the medial dorsal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1787
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin that is located in the pontine tegmentum, ventral to the B8 cell group. In the human they are found predominantly in the median raphe nucleus with some scattered laterally into the paramedian raphe nucleus ( Hornung-2012 ). In the macaque they are found in the ventral part of the median raphe nucleus and adjacent structures ( Felten-1983 ). In the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) they are distributed horizontally dorsal to and within the medial lemniscus of the pons ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
serotonergic group B9
B9 cell group
B9 serotonin cells
group B9
serotonergic B9 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1788
refers to a group of cells in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It may correspond to the lateral tuberal nuclei of the primate based on a staining characteristic ( Saper-1990 ). It is one of four parts of the tuberal nucleus defined on the basis of multiple criteria. Functionally it belongs to the motor lateral hypothalamus, which is part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
tuberal nucleus, terete subnucleus
terete nucleus of the hypothalamus
tuberal nucleus, terete part
terete hypothalamic nucleus
tuberal nucleus, lateral condensation
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1789
refers to the portion of the medullary reticular formation located caudal to the gigantocellular nucleus and the inferior olive of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Different authors subdivide it differently. But, all regard it as including two parts, the dorsal part of the medullary reticular nucleus and the ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2000 ).
Many consider the transition zone between the dorsal and ventral parts to be a separate structure, a caudal extension of the intermediate reticular nucleus, which separates the gigantocellular nucleus and the parvicellular reticular nucleus more rostrally ( Paxinos-2012; Paxinos-2009b; Paxinos-2009a; Hof-2000 ). Some further subdivide the ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus of the macaque to include a medial medullary reticular nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ).
Functionally the medullary reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medullary reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1790
refers to a group of cells in the preoptic area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterodorsal preoptic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1791
refers to a cortical area defined by cytoarchitecture in the mouse and rat. It is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere together with the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area ( Paxinos-2001 ). Together they constitute the anterior cingulate area ( Swanson-1998 ).
ventral part of the anterior cingulate area
anterior cingulate area, ventral part
cingulate cortex, area 2
anterior cingulate cortex, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1792
refers to one of two parts of the nucleus incertus, a group of cells located dorsomedially in the pontine tegmentum of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). The other part is the compact part of nucleus incertus. Functionally the nucleus incertus is one of the raphe nuclei (functional) in the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
central gray matter, pars alpha (Meessen-Olszewski)
diffuse part of nucleus incertus
nucleus incertus, diffuse part
central gray, alpha part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1793
refers to a group of cells distributed in the cerebellar white matter between the lateral vestibular nucleus, nucleus y and the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Functionally it belongs to the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
infracerebellar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1794
refers to the more ventromedial of two parts of the medullary reticular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the more dorsolateral dorsal part of the medullary reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). Some authors further divide the ventral part in the macaque to include a medial reticular nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ).
Many authors consider the transition zone between the dorsal and ventral parts to be a separate structure, a caudal extension of the intermediate reticular nucleus, which separates the gigantocellular nucleus and the parvicellular reticular nucleus more rostrally ( Paxinos-2012; Paxinos-2009b; Paxinos-2009a; Hof-2000 ).
Functionally the medullary reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medullary reticular nucleus, ventral part
ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus
ventral reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1795
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).
ectorhinal area
ectorhinal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1796
refers to a space in the cerebellum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) that separates the paraflocculus from several other cerebellar lobules located dorsal to it at different levels. These include the rodent homologs of a part of the biventer lobule (copula), the gracile lobule (paramedian lobule), the inferior semilunar lobule (crus 2), the superior semilunar lobule (crus 1), and the simple lobule ( Swanson-1998 ).
parafloccular sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1797
refers to a group of cells adjacent to the solitary nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) or surrounded by it in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
nucleus z (Brodal-Pompeiano)
nucleus z
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1798
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in a few species, such as sheep, and immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase, a precursor of dopamine, in many other species including rodents and primates. It is located in ventral and dorsal components within the preoptic periventricular nucleus and adjacent parts of the anterior hypothalamic region. It is continuous caudally with the dopaminergic group A14 ( Tillet-1994 ).
dopaminergic group A15
A15 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1799
refers to a group of cells in the vicinity of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in the medulla that label for norepinephine in primates ( Felten-1983 ) and rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
noradrenergic group A2
A2 cell group
A2 noradrenaline cells
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1800
refers to a tract that joins the fimbria of the CA fields of left and right sides in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).
ventral hippocampal commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1801
refers to the most ventral portion of the gigantocellular nucleus in the medullary reticular formation. Some authors regard it as composed of two parts: the alpha part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus and the ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. Located at the base of the medulla between the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus and the midline or nucleus raphe magnus, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
magnocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part (Cajal)
alpha and ventral parts of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus
magnocellular reticular nucleus
magnocellular reticular nucleus (Berman)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1802
refers to one of two or three divisions of the retrosplenial area of cerebral cortex. It is defined by Nissl stain and located adjacent to the splenium of the corpus callosum. Cytoarchitecturally it is distinguished from the other divisions, the retrosplenial agranular area and the retrosplenial dysgranular area, by its distinctly organized granular layer. In primates it occupies a narrow strip of the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus deep in the callosal sulcus. It is identified with area 26 of Brodmann (human) and area 29 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-2004 ) and with area 29 (macaque) ( Vogt-1987 ).
In rodents it is located on the mesial surface of the cortex of the cerebral hemisphere, dorsal and caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum. In the rat it consists of two or three parts: zone a of the retrosplenial granular area, zone b of the retrosplenial granular area and zone c of the retrosplenial granular area ( Paxinos-2009b ). Some authors regard zone b and zone c as one: zone b-c of the retrosplenial granular area ( Swanson-2004 ). In the mouse it may be subdivided ( Franklin-2008 ) or not ( Hof-2000 ).
retrosplenial area, ventral part
retrosplenial granular area
retrosplenial cortex, ventral part
retrosplenial granular cortex
ventral part of the retrosplenial area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1803
refers to one of four longitudinal cell columns in the periaqueductal gray that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain tegmentum. Revealed best by stain for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase), it is found in the human, macaque, rat ( Carrive-2012 ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Located ventral to the lateral periaqueductal gray column and ventrolateral to the cerebral aqueduct, it also stains lightly. The other two columns are the lightly staining dorsomedial periaqueductal gray and the heavily staining dorsolateral periaqueductal gray.
Functionally all four columns belong to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.
periaqueductal gray, ventrolateral division
ventrolateral periaqueductal gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1804
refers to a group of cells located caudal to the superior olivary complex in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
caudal periolivary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1805
refers to the portion of the fornix that adheres to the ventral surface of the corpus callosum in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).
dorsal fornix
dorsal fornix (rodent)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1806
refers to one of two parts of the tenia tecta of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat where it contains four sublayers ( Swanson-1998 ); the other is the ventral tenia tecta.
tenia tecta, dorsal part
dorsal tenia tecta
taenia tecta, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1808
refers to one of two parts of the linear nucleus of the raphe in the ventral midbrain tegmentum. It is located in the midline, dorsal to the interfascicular nucleus and the interpeduncular nucleus at the level of the red nucleus. In the human ( Paxinos-1990a ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), defined on the basis of acetylcholinesterase stain, it is located in the midline caudally but extends dorsolaterally above the red nucleus rostrally. Authors who define raphe nuclei in the human on the basis of stains for serotonin synthesis do not classify the rostral nucleus with the raphe nuclei (functional) ( Hornung-2012 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is located in the midline for its full extent.The other component of the linear nucleus of the raphe is the caudal linear nucleus of the raphe. Functionally both are parts of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
rostral linear nucleus raphe
rostral linear nucleus of the raphe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1809
refers to cells found within the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
caudal interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1810
refers to the third outermost layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus. It is located between the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus and the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional CNS model it is one of three layers that constitute the sensory superior colliculus of the subcortical visual system (see Models Where It Appears below). The other layers are the zonal layer of the superior colliculus and the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus ( Swanson-2004 ). It is present in primates and rodents.
optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus
optic layer of the superior colliculus
strato ottico
Stratum opticum
capa blanca superficial
strato bianco superficiale
capa óptica
superficial white layer of the superior colliculus
optic layer
estrato óptico
superior colliculus optic layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1811
refers to the most densely packed group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in the ventrolateral midbrain of rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and primates ( Felten-1983 ). It is for the most part identical with the pars compacta of the substantia nigra as defined on the basis of Nissl stains.
dopaminergic group A9
A9 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1812
refers to a cortical area defined by cytoarchitecture in the mouse and rat. It is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It consists of two subareas, dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area and ventral part of the anterior cingulate area ( Swanson-1998 ).
anterior cingulate area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1813
refers to a group of cells in the preoptic area of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anteroventral preoptic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1814
refers to a group of cells located between the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it as part of the parvicellular part of the motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve ( Swanson-1998 ).
intertrigeminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1815
refers to one of four parts of the medial dorsal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). The others are the central part of the medial dorsal nucleus, the medial part of the medial dorsal nucleus, and the intermediodorsal nucleus.
lateral part of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, lateral part
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, lateral part
lateral part of the mediodorsal nucleus
lateral part of the medial dorsal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1816
refers to one of five substructures of the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). (See Models Where It Appears below). In the classical segmentation of the thalamus it is equivalent to part of the ventral nuclear group located lateral and inferior to the anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus.
ventral anterior-lateral complex of the thalamus
ventral anterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1817
refers to a bend in the facial nerve within the facial canal of the cranium ( DeJong-1979 ). It is not part of the brain.
external genu of the facial nerve
second genu
external genu of facial nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1818
refers to a very small group of cells that showed weak catecholaminergic fluorescence in the solitary tract of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri), but not in either of two macaque species ( Felten-1983 ).
catecholaminergic group Ats
Ats cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1819
refers to a few cells fluorescent for serotonin located in the floor of the fourth ventricle, in the vicinity of the vestibular nuclei and abducens nucleus in the rat ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and in the caudal interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). A comprehensive study of monoaminergic cell groups in the macaque and the squirrel monkey did not identify a B4 cell group distinct from other groups in the region ( Felten-1983 ).
serotonergic group B4
B4 cell group
B4 serotonin cells
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1820
refers to a composite substructure of the cerebral cortex in the mouse. In the atlas of Paxinos and Franklin it is composed of the lateral parietal association cortex and the medial parietal association cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ). In the atlas of Hof et al. it includes a posterior area ( Hof-2000 ).
parietal association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1821
refers to regions of the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of connectivity ( Crosby-1962 ). They are located on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere dorsal to the ectorhinal area and ventral to the ventral area of the secondary auditory cortex ( Paxinos-2001; Swanson-2004 ).
temporal association cortex
temporal association areas
ventral temporal association areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1822
refers to the outermost gray layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus. It is located just deep to the ourtermost zonal layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional CNS model it is one of three layers that constitute the sensory superior colliculus of the subcortical visual system (see Models Where It Appears below). The other layers are the zonal layer of the superior colliculus and the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus ( Swanson-2004 ). It is present in primates and rodents.
superior colliculus, superficial gray layer
superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus
superficial gray layer
strato grigio esterno
stratum griseum I, superficiale
strato cinereo
Stratum cinereum
superficial gray layer of superior colliculus
outer gray layer of superior colliculus
Stratum griseum superficiale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1823
refers to one of three terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract. It is located ventromedial to the brachium of the superior colliculus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) and near the ventrolateral border of the brachium of the superior colliculus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). The other two terminal nuclei are the medial nucleus of the accessory optic tract and the lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract. Functionally they are three of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal terminal nucleus accessory optic tract
dorsal terminal nucleus
dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1824
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin located dorsal to the B9 cell group in the median raphe nucleus and adjacent structures of the pontine reticular formation of the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ).
B8 cell group
serotonergic group B8
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1825
refers to a group of cells that partially overlap the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it to be part of the sagulum nucleus ( Swanson-1998 ).
microcellular tegmental nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1826
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellar cortex in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) that separates the declive from the simple lobule. In the rat it extends to separate two sublobules of the the simple lobule ( Swanson-1998 ).
simple fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1828
refers to the outermost of seven layers of the superior colliculus as identified by internal structure; it is composed largely of neuronal fibers ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional CNS model it is one of three layers that constitute the sensory superior colliculus of the subcortical visual system (see Models Where It Appears below). The other layers of the sensory superior colliculus are the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus and the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus ( Swanson-2004 ). It is present in primates and rodents.
stratum zonale of superior colliculus
superior colliculus, zonal layer
Stratum zonale of midbrain
zonal layer of superior colliculus
strato zonale
zonal layer of the superior colliculus
zona layer of the superior colliculus
superficial white layer
поясной слой
Stratum zonale colliculi superioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1829
refers to one of three subdivisions of the auditory cortex of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). They are involved in the perception of sounds. This subdivision is located dorsal to the primary auditory cortex, which is in turn dorsal to the third subdivision, the ventral auditory areas.
auditory cortex, dorsal part
secondary auditory cortex, dorsal area
dorsal auditory areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1830
refers to one of a set of substructures of the midline thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). It consists of a group of nerve cells that bridge the midline of the thalamus between the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus of the left and right sides in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is more developed and consistently present in rodents than in the macaque ( Kusama-1970 ) and the human, where 30% of individuals lack an interthalamic adhesion. In those cases the two sides of the thalamus are not joined, thus they have no bridging nuclei ( Crosby-1962 ). It belongs to the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).
interanteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
interanteromedial thalamic nucleus
interanteromedial nucleus thalamus
Nucleus interanteromedialis
anterior commissural nucleus (Cajal)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1831
refers to a cytoarchitectonic area on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere in and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is located near the genu of the corpus callosum, ventral to the prelimbic area and dorsal to the dorsal peduncular area. Functionally it is part of the visceral cortex in rodents ( Swanson-2004 ).
infralimbic cortex
infralimbic area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1832
refers to cells fluorescent for dopamine located in the retina of vertebrates, including rodents and primates ( Smeets-1994 ).
A17 cell group
dopaminergic group A17
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1833
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is located medial to the area 17 of Brodmann (human) and lateral to the mediomedial area of the secondary visual cortex. See also visual cortex (rodent).
mediolateral area of the secondary visual cortex
secondary visual cortex, mediolateral area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1834
refers to a group of cells located in the vicinity of the fields of Forel, anterior to the red nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).
prerubral field (mouse)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1835
refers to the largest group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in the ventral midbrain tegmentum of rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and primates ( Felten-1983 ). It corresponds largely to the ventral tegmental area, the linear nucleus of the raphe and, in primates, the part of periaqueductal gray located between the left and right oculomotor nuclear complex as defined by Nissl stains.
A10 cell group
dopaminergic group A10
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1836
refers to a group of cells at the caudal extreme of the mammillary body in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
posterior mammillary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1837
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for noradrenaline that are identical with the locus ceruleus as identified by Nissl stain ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
A6 cell group
noradrenergic group A6
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1838
refers to a group of cells located in the lateral hypothalamic area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
gemini hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1839
refers to a set of four functionally defined areas that surround the central sulcus (aka Rolandic fissure) in primates. The primary motor cortex (MI) and primary somesthetic area (SI) meet at the bottom of the central sulcus; the supplementary motor cortex (MII) and secondary somesthetic area (SII) are located more distally ( Woolsey-1958 ).
rolandic sensory and motor fields
rolandic areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1840
refers to one of two parts of the nucleus accumbens ( Paxinos-2001 ). See also shell of the nucleus accumbens.
accumbens nucleus, core
core of the nucleus accumbens
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1841
refers to the more dorsal of two parts of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008, Hof-2000 ). The other part is the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Paxinos). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, horizontal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1843
refers to one of three terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract, different combinations of which are found in different species. It is located at the lateral border of the crus cerebri in the midbrain of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). The other two terminal nuclei are the dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract and the medial nucleus of the accessory optic tract.
Functionally the terminal nuclei are three of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral terminal nucleus accessory optic tract
lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract
lateral terminal nucleus (pretectum)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1844
refers to one of two parts of the central lobule of the cerebellum in an alternate segmentation of the vermis of the cerebellum; the other is lobule II ( Carpenter-1983, Swanson-1998 ).
3rd Cerebellar lobule
lobule 3
lobule III
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1845
refers to one of four longitudinal cell columns in the periaqueductal gray of the midbrain tegmentum revealed by stain for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase). It is found in the human, macaque, rat ( Carrive-2012 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Located in the midline dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct, it stains lightly compared to the adjacent dorsolateral periaqueductal gray column. The other two columns are the lateral periaqueductal gray and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray.
Functionally the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray is part of the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.
dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray
Griseum centrale mesencephalis, subnucleus dorsalis
periaqueductal gray, dorsal division
dorsomedial periaqueductal gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1846
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is located medial to the mediolateral area of the secondary visual cortex. See also visual cortex (rodent).
secondary visual cortex, mediomedial area
mediomedial area of the secondary visual cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1847
refers to the portion of the middle cerebellar peduncle that forms the most ventral portion of the basal pons in the rodent ( Paxinos-2001 ).
stem of middle cerebellar peduncle
brachium pontis (Paxinos)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1848
refers to parts of the hemisphere of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum in the rodent that correspond to the cerebellar tonsil and the biventer lobule in the human ( Larsell-1972 ).
paraflocculus (rodent)
paraflocculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1849
refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex of the macaque. The others are the medioventral periolivary nucleus, the lateroventral periolivary nucleus, and the superior paraolivary nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ). Some authors identify it in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) as well. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal periolivary region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1850
refers to a small group of cells fluorescent for dopamine that are located in the posterior periventricular nucleus and the intermediate periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the macaque ( Felten-1983 ). In the rat, small numbers of cells assigned to this group are also found in the posterior hypothalamic area, the supramammillary area and the reuniens nucleus ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
A11 dopamine cells
dopaminergic group A11
A11 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1851
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for dopamine and distributed in clusters that, in the primate, are ventral and medial to the mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus; a few extend into the reuniens nucleus of the thalamus ( Felten-1983 ). In the mouse A13 is located ventral to the mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus in the zona incerta ( Paxinos-2001 ).
Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
A13 dopamine cells
A13 cell group
zona incerta, dopaminergic group
dopaminergic group A13
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1852
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin in the midline nucleus raphe pontis and adjacent areas in the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ).
serotonergic group B5
B5 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1853
refers to a group of cells located in the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus in the anterior hypothalamic region of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
circular nucleus
nucleus circularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1854
refers to one of four cell groupsi identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the macaque. The others are the lateroventral periolivary nucleus, the superior paraolivary nucleus, and the dorsal periolivary region ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is also identified by some authors in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medioventral periolivary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1855
refers to an extension of the third ventricle posteriorly into a position between the left and the right mammillary body in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
mammillary recess of the 3rd ventricle
third ventricle, mammillary recess
mammillary recess
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1856
refers to a single layer of cuboidal cells that lines the ventricles of brain, the cerebral aqueduct, and the central canal of the spinal cord; it originates from the ependymal layer of the neural tube ( Carpenter-1983 ). see also subependymal zone.
ependyma
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1857
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin that occupies the midline nucleus raphe obscurus and adjacent structures in the caudal medulla of the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ).
B2 cell group
serotonergic group B2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1858
refers to one of two parts of the culmen of the cerebellum in an alternate segmentation of the vermis of the cerebellum; the other is lobule V ( Carpenter-1983, Swanson-1998 ).
lobule IV
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1859
refers to a large group of cells fluorescent for serotonin that occupies the midline nucleus raphe magnus and adjacent structures in the caudal medulla of the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ). Its boundary with the serotonergic group B1 is indistinct.
serotonergic group B3
B3 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1860
refers to a small cluster of neurons in the pontine reticular formation of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Crosby-1962 questioned whether, in the human, it exists independently of the accessory facial nucleus. Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
accessory abducens nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1861
refers to a part of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is the only subpart of the nucleus in the macaque. The rodents, however, have in addition a dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and a ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ( Paxinos-2009b; Franklin-2008 ).
compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, compact part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1862
refers to the layer of neural tissue at the back of the inner surface of the eye that detects light. In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical visual system ( Swanson-2004 ). In the classical model, where neural structures are classified according to location relative to the cranial vault and spinal canal, it is part of the peripheral nervous system. In the developmental model, where structures are grouped based upon the part of the embryonic nervous system from which they are derived, it is part of the Telencephalon.
The optics of the eye focus an upside-down image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the array of microscopic light sensors in a digital camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses to the brain. Note that the rods and cones, the color sensitive cells of the retina, face the back of the eye; so light reaching them passes first through multiple thin layers of neurons before stimulating them.
Netzhaut
retina
сетчатка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1863
refers to a narrow area between the nucleus of stria terminalis and the septal nuclei in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).
zona limitans
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1864
refers to a group of cells in the vicinity of the lateral reticular nucleus of the medullary reticular formation that label for norepinephine in primates ( Felten-1983 ) and rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
A1 noradrenaline cells
A1 cell group
noradrenergic group A1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1865
refers to a group of cells in the pretectal region of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior pretectal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1866
refers to a group of cells located near the inferior cerebellar peduncle and the spinal trigeminal tract of the medulla in the human ( Holstein-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus x (Brodal-Pompeiano)
Group-x
nucleus X
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1867
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for dopamine located in the olfactory bulb of vertebrates, including rodents and primates ( Smeets-1994 ).
dopaminergic group A16
A16 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1868
refers to one of four parts of the medial dorsal nucleus in the midline thalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It consists of cells grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). They bridge the midline of the thalamus between other parts of the medial dorsal nucleus of the left and right sides. More developed and consistently present in rodents than in primates ( Crosby-1962 ), it belongs to the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).
intermediodorsal nucleus thalamus
intermediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus
intermediodorsal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1869
refers a narrow area between the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the anterior hypothalamic area ventral to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is found in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is not shown in brain atlases of the human ( Saper-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
subparaventricular zone hypothalamus
subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus
subparaventricular zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1870
refers to a continuation ventrally of the supracallosal gyrus beyond the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is demonstrated histologically by Nissl stain. In the human ( Anthoney-1994 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2004 ) it lies on the rostral surface of the lamina terminalis and is considered identical to or part of the paraterminal gyrus. In the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is located similarly in relation to the supracallosal gyrus, however, it is a more prominent layered structure that extends rostrally on the medial surface overlying the anterior olfactory nucleus. It is considered part of the olfactory areas (rodent) of the cerebral cortex. In rodents it consists of two parts, the dorsal tenia tecta and the ventral tenia tecta. Note that some authors use the term 'tenia tecta' or 'taenia tecta' as a synonym for the lateral longitudinal stria ( Riley-1943 ).
tenia tectum
tenia tecta
taenia tecta
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1871
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that is located in the pontine reticular formation ventral to the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons in rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and in primates ( Felten-1983 ).
A7 cell group
noradrenergic group A7
A7 noradrenaline cells
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1872
refers to one of two parts of the supraoptic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the hypothalamus of the human, macaque, rat and mouse. It is the more ventromedial part. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it is bounded laterally by the optic tract. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is relatively smaller and thinner and is bounded laterally by the supraoptic decussations, which lie atop the optic tract. In all four species it is partially bounded medially by the larger retrochiasmatic area. It does not appear in the mouse brain atlases of Hof-2000 and Dong-2004.
The other part is the dorsolateral part of the supraoptic nucleus, which is also known as the 'supraoptic nucleus proper'. The retrochiasmatic part is located more rostrally, in the anterior hypothalamic region. The dorsolateral part is more posterior in the intermediate hypothalamic region.
Functionally the supraoptic nucleus belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
supraoptic nucleus, ventromedial part
retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus
supraoptic nucleus, retrochiasmatic part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1873
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin that occupies the midline nucleus raphe pallidus and adjacent structures in the caudal medulla of the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ).
B1 cell group
serotonergic group B1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1876
refers to the part of the nucleus of the diagonal band associated with the more medial, vertical portion of the diagonal band ( Paxinos-2001 ).
nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band
nucleus of vertical limb of the diagonal band
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1877
refers to a group of cells that label for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin); thus, they are regarded as 'putative adrenergic cells'. They are found in the dorsomedial medulla in conjunction with the noradrenergic group A2.They are seen in vertebrates, including rodents and primates ( Kitahama-1994 ).
C2 adrenaline cells
adrenergic group C2
C2 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1878
refers to a portion of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure in primates. In the human ( Roberts-1970 ) it is located in the anterior insula between the orbital gyri rostrally and the dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) caudally. In the macaque ( Roberts-1963, Paxinos-2009a ) its rostral border is with the fronto-orbital gyrus.
Note that it is not the same as the agranular insula or the agranular insular area ( Mesulam-1984, Zilles-2012 ). Differences in criteria for identifying agranular, dysgranular, and granular architectonic areas have led to two different segmentations of the insular cortex in primates.
agranular insular cortex (Roberts)
Cortex insularis agranularis
agranular insula cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1879
refers to a group of cells ventromedial to the nucleus of stria terminalis in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
parastrial nucleus
parastriatal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1880
refers to a small group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in primates ( Felten-1983 ). In the rat a few cells belonging to this group are also seen in the anteroventral portion of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
A12 dopamine cells
dopaminergic group A12
A12 cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1881
refers to the most dorsomedial and rostral of three components of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei identified by Nissl stain in the posterior hypothalamic region of the rat ( Koehler-1985 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001; Hof-2000 ). In the rat it is embedded dorsally in the posterior periventricular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). In the mouse it is located between the posterior hypothalamic area dorsally and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus ventrally.
It is not identified in human ( Saper-2004; Mai-2004 ) or macaque ( Bleier-1984; Paxinos-2009a ) atlases. The other components of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei are the tuberomammillary nucleus and the diffuse tuberomammillary nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal tuberomammillary nucleus
tuberal magnocellular nucleus
tuberomammillary nucleus, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1882
refers to the more dorsolateral of two parts of the medullary reticular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the more ventromedial ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
Many authors consider the transition zone between the dorsal and ventral parts to be a separate structure, a caudal extension of the intermediate reticular nucleus, which separates the gigantocellular nucleus and the parvicellular reticular nucleus more rostrally ( Paxinos-2012; Paxinos-2009b; Paxinos-2009a; Hof-2000 ).
Functionally the medullary reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal part
dorsal part of the medullary reticular nucleus
dorsal reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1883
refers to one of two subdivisions of the entorhinal area in the mouse; the other is the medial entorhinal cortex ( Hof-2000 ).
lateral entorhinal cortex
entorhinal cortex, lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1884
7th Cerebellar lobule
lobule 7
folium-tuber vermis
folium-tuber
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1886
refers to one of four parts of the medial dorsal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). The others are the lateral part of the medial dorsal nucleus, the central part of the medial dorsal nucleus, and the intermediodorsal nucleus.
medial part of the medial dorsal nucleus
medial part of the mediodorsal nucleus
mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, medial part
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, medial part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1889
refers to a sparse group of cells fluorescent for dopamine that is located in the rostral half of the periaqueductal gray in primates. It is more prominent in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) than the macaque ( Felten-1983 ).
Aaq cell group
dopaminergic group Aaq
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1890
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. It is a composite of four cell groups at the base of the lateral hypothalamic area and at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, the four parts are the subventromedial part of the tuberal nucleus, the intermediate part of the tuberal nucleus, the terete hypothalamic nucleus, and the lateral tuberal nucleus. Functionally the tuberal nucleus and motor lateral hypothalamus belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
tuberal nucleus
tuberal nucleus (Malone 1910)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1891
refers to a fiber bundle in the olfactory bulb of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2001 ).
dorsal lateral olfactory tract
lateral olfactory tract, dorsal limb
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1893
refers to a group of cells in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).
central gray, beta part
beta part of the central gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1894
refers to a part of the cerebellar hemisphere in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) that corresponds laterally to the pyramis of the vermis of the cerebellum. It is regarded as the rodent homolog of the 'lateral belly' of the the biventer lobule of the human ( Voogd-1990 )
lateral belly of biventer lobule
copula of the pyramis
copula pyramidis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1895
refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin located in the pontine central gray, the dorsal raphe nucleus and adjacent structures in the primate ( Felten-1983 ) and the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).
B7 cell group
serotonergic group B7
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1896
refers to a cortical area in the postcentral gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 2 of Brodmann (guenon). The cortical thickness was 1.24 mm. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) was narrower than in area 5 of Peele and area 7 of Peele and contained more cells. The external granular layer (II) was about 9 cells deep with granule cells larger than in layer IV; an occasional small pyramidal cell was seen;and the boundary with layer III was indistinct. Cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) were densely distributed pyramidal cells, many triangular in shape, arranged in three sublayers with smaller cells in the outer sublayers and many large cells deeper. The internal granular layer (IV) was composed predominantly of very small granule cells and was about 12 cells deep. The internal pyramidal layer (V) was ill-defined and contained pyramidal cells ranging from small in the outer portion to a few large cells deeper. The multiform layer (VI) was more densely populated than in area 1 of Peele; it contained small pyramidal cells and fusiform cells, many with processes parallel to the cortical surface ( Peele-1942 ).
area 2
area 2 of Peele-1942
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1897
refers to a cortical area in the parietal lobe defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 5 of Brodmann (guenon). The cortical thickness was 1.62 mm. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) was wider than in the postcentral gyrus and contained only a few spindle cells and granule cells. The external granular layer (II) was about 8 to 10 cells deep with granule cells larger than in layer IV; an occasional very small pyramidal cell was seen. Cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) were pyramidal cells that were striking in size progression from smaller to very large in the deepest of three sublayers; it differed from area 7 of Peele in that the cells were not arranged in a radial pattern. The internal granular layer (IV) was about 15 cells thick with distinct outer and inner boundaries; it was composed predominantly of very small granule cells. The internal pyramidal layer (V) was ill-defined and contained medium to large pyramidal cells. The multiform layer (VI) was quite wide and separated from layer V by a cell-poor zone; it contained medium sized granule cells, small pyramidal cells and spindle cells of medium size ( Peele-1942 ).
area 5
area 5 of Peele-1942
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1898
refers to one of two parts of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the rat. The other is the magnocellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Functionally both belong to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
parvicellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
parvicellular motor 5 nucleus
parvicellular motor trigeminal nucleus
motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, parvicellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1900
refers to the portion of the membrane lining the upper posterior part of the nasal cavity that contains the bipolar sensory neurons of the olfactory system. The neurons connect to the olfactory bulb by means of the olfactory nerve ( Price-1990 ).
olfactory mucosa
olfactory epithelium
olfactory membrane
Pars olfactoria der Nasenschleimhaut
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1901
refers to a source of neuronal cells that is most developed in the embryonic brain. Identified by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling for neuronal progenitor cells, it is located between the ventricular zone and the intermediate zone in the wall of the lateral ventricle ( Pencea-2001 ).
subventricular zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1902
refers to one of two parts of the medial mammillary nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is a group of cells located dorsomedially, just ventral to the supramammillary area. The other part is the body of the medial mammillary nucleus. The median part is not defined in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the medial mammillary nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
median part of the medial mammillary nucleus
medial mammillary nucleus, median part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1903
refers to one of four parts of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus as defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other three are the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, the dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, and the posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateroanterior hypothalamic nucleus
anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus
anterior hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1904
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of the orbital areas (rodent). It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).
lateral orbital cortex
orbital area, lateral part
orbital cortex, lateral part
orbital area lateral part
lateral orbital area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1905
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of the orbital areas (rodent). It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).
orbital area medial part
orbital cortex, medial part
medial orbital area
orbital area, medial part
medial orbital cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1909
refers to a portion of the parietal lobe that is defined on the basis of multiple methods and that represents the sensibility to touch stimulation of the skin. The topographic pattern is in reverse sequence to that of the primary somesthetic area ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the macaque it is located along the superior bank of the lateral fissure ( see area SII of Woolsey ).
Gebiet SII
secondary sensory cortex
supplementär-somatosensorischer Kortex
somatic sensory area II
area sensorik somatik sekunder
area somatica secondaria
area somatica sensoria II
secondary somesthetic area
secondary somatosensory cortex
sekundäres somatosensorisches Rindengebiet
somatic sensory II
secondary somatosensory area
área somática secundaria (II)
somatic area II
second somatic sensory area
área somatosensorial S II
área somatosensorial secundaria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1910
refers to a part of the cerebral cortex defined by internal structure, connectivity and function ( Matelli-2004 ). It is one of two kinds of motor cortex, the other being premotor cortex. In primates it is located in the part of the precentral gyrus nearest the central sulcus, the posterior boundary of the frontal lobe. In the human it is identified with area 4 of Brodmann (human) and the adjacent, caudal portion of area 6 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-2004 ). In the macaque it is identified with area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 6a alpha of Vogts ( Woolsey-1952 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it lies lateral to the premotor cortex, which is known as secondary motor cortex. In the rodent it extends from the frontal pole about half way to the occipital pole. See also area MI of Woolsey.
precentral motor cortex
korteks motorik primer
motor cortex (Carpenter)
motor strip
area motoria primaria
primary somatomotor area
primary motor cortex
area motorik primer
primary motor area (M I)
motor area (Crosby)
primäre motorische Rinde
primärer motorischer Kortex
precentral motor area
area F1
area precentrale
área motora primaria (MI)
somatic motor I
primary motor area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911
refers to a set of cytoarchitecturally defined areas of the cerebral cortex of the mouse and the rat that are segmented differently by the authors of different atlases. Each system includes a primary visual area, which corresponds to the area 17 of Brodmann (human) in the primate, and a variable number of secondary areas.
One atlas of the rat brain lists nine secondary areas: anterior laterolateral visual area, anterolateral visual area, anteromedial visual area, intermediolateral visual area, laterolateral visual area, mediolateral visual area, posterolateral visual area, rostrolateral visual area, and posteromedial visual area ( Swanson-2004 ). Another lists three areas of secondary visual cortex: lateral, mediolateral and mediomedial ( Paxinos-2009b ).
One mouse brain atlas identifies six secondary parts: rostrolateral, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, anteromedial and posteromedial ( Hof-2000 ); another identifies five parts: anterolateral, anteromedial, lateral posterolateral and posteromedial ( Dong-2004 ); and another identifies three secondary areas: lateral, mediolateral and mediomedial ( Paxinos-2001 ).
visual cortex (rodent)
visual areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1912
refers to one of two subnuclei of the median raphe nucleus. The other is the medial part of the superior central raphe nucleus ( Swanson-1998 ).
paramedian raphe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1913
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined set of four areas in the cerebral cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It includes the lateral orbital area, the medial orbital area, the ventral orbital area and the ventrolateral orbital area. All four areas are agranular cortex ( Krettek-1977 ).
For equivalent topological areas in the human and macaque see orbital gyri. The human and the macaque, however, do not have equivalent areas defined by internal structure. The topologically equivalent structures are occupied by orbital prefrontal cortex, almost all of which is granular cortex. The only exceptions are area 13a, area 14c, and a narrow strip of agranular orbitofrontal cortex at the caudal boundary, which is considered equivalent to the agranular insular cortex of the rat and mouse ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).
orbital areas (rodent)
orbital area (rodent)
orbital area
ORB
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1920
refers to a group of neurons located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord; it is found in cervical segments 8 to thoracic segments 1 and sacral segments 1 to 3 ( Nomina-1983; Jastrow-2007 ).
retrodorsolateral nucleus of the spinal cord
Nucleus retrodorsolateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1921
refers to a group of nerve cells located posteromedially in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Nomina-1983; Dorland-2004 ).
Nucleus dorsomedialis
dorsomedial nucleus of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1922
refers to a composite of two superficial features of the floor of the fourth ventricle, the hypoglossal trigone and the facial colliculus ( Ranson-1959 ).
medial eminence
Eminentia medialis metencephali
Eminentia teres
eminencia media
медиальное возвышение
eminenza mediale
срединное возвышение
medial eminence of fourth ventricle
Eminentia medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1923
refers to the portion of the piriform area located in the frontal lobe ( Mai-1997 ).
(pre-)piriform cortex, frontal area
piriform cortex of the frontal lobe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1924
refers to a small cluster of neurons dorsal to the facial nucleus in the pontine tegmentum. It has been reported for the human ( Crosby-1962 ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleo accessorio del N. VII
accessory abducens nucleus (Crosby)
dorsal facial nucleus
accessory facial nucleus
accessory facial motor nucleus
accessory abducens/facial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1925
refers to one of two subdivisions of the diagonal band in the Macaca mulatta. The other is the vertical nucleus of the diagonal band ( Jones-2005 ).
horizontal nucleus of diagonal band
horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1926
refers to one of two subdivisions of the diagonal band in the Macaca mulatta. The other is the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band ( Jones-2005 ).
vertical nucleus of the diagonal band
vertical nucleus of diagonal band
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1927
refers to a collection of cell groups surrounding the medial, lateral, and ventral surfaces of the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons in the pontine tegmentum. In the human they include the medial parabrachial nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus, the diffuse reticular nucleus and the subpeduncular pigmented nucleus ( Paxinos-2012 ). In the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) they include the same nuclei except that the subpeduncular pigmented nucleus is absent in those species ( Paxinos-2012 ). Functionally the cell groups belong to the viscerosensory nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
Classically the term parabrachial nuclei referred only to the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the medial parabrachial nucleus ( Jones-2005 ).
parabrachial nuclei
parabrachial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1928
refers to a part of cortical white matter found between the entorhinal area and the subiculum in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
angular bundle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1929
refers to one of four parts of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The others are the anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus; the posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, and the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus
anterior hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part
dorsal tuberal nucleus
stigmoid hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1930
refers to one of four parts of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus; the dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, and the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part
posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1931
refers to one of two divisions of the anterior hypothalamic area in the rat as identified by Nissl stain. The cellular distribution is undifferentiated compared to the other division, the anterior hypothalamic area ( BAMS ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior hypothalamic area proper
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1932
refers to one of four parts of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other three are the anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus; the dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus; and the posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus
anterior hypothalamic nucleus, central part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1933
refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
anterior laterolateral visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1934
refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
anterolateral visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1935
refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
anteromedial visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1936
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum in the rat. It is located within lobule III caudal to the intracentral fissure 2 ( Swanson-2004 ).
caudal intracentral fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1939
refers to the surface of the lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle between the fourth ventricle and its opening into the adjacent cistern in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
choroid fissure, fourth ventricle
choroid fissure of the fourth ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1940
refers to the angle formed by the lateral surface of subfornical organ and the ventral surface of the fimbria in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
choroid fissure of the third ventricle
choroid fissure, third ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1941
refers to one of six subdivisions of the cochlear nuclei as identified by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is a thin layer of cells located between the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the posteroventral cochlear nucleus. The other divisions are the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral cochlear nucleus, granule cell layer
granular layer of the cochlear nuclei
granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei
cochlear nuclei, granular lamina
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1942
refers to one of six subdivisions of the cochlear nuclei as identified by Nissl stain in the rat and the mouse. In the rat it is located between the middle cerebellar peduncle and the anteroventral cochlear nucleus rostral to the dorsal cochlear nucleus. The other divisions are the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, the posteroventral cochlear nucleus, the granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei and the interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve ( Swanson-2004 ). Some authors identify it in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), though others appear to incorporate it into the granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei ( Hof-2000 ).
cochlear nucleus, subpeduncular granular region
cochlear nuclei, subpeduncular granular region
subpeduncular granular region of the cochlear nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1943
refers to one of eleven groups of cells distinguished in the motor periaqueductal gray of the midbrain tegmentum of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is located ventral and caudal to the precommissural nucleus and rostral and dorsal to the rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray. The motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the central gray component of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.
commissural nucleus of the periaqueductal gray
periaqueductal gray, commissural nucleus
commissural nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1944
refers to a space between two subdivisions of the declive in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
declival fissure 2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1945
refers to one of two subdivisions of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellar nuclei. While it contains small neurons as well (Voogd-1990 ), it is identified by its population of large neurons. It is found in the human ( Voogd-1990 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other subdivision is the parvicellular part of the dentate nucleus.
dentate nucleus, magnocellular part
magnocellular part of the dentate nucleus
lateral cerebellar nucleus
lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus
microgyric part of the dentate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1946
refers to one of two subdivisions of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellar nuclei. Identified by its population of small neurons, it is found in the human ( Voogd-1990 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other subdivision is the magnocellular part of the dentate nucleus.
dentate nucleus, parvicellular part
parvicellular part of the dentate nucleus
lateral cerebellar nucleus, parvicellular part
macrogyric part of the dentate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1947
refers to the combination of the gracile nucleus and the cuneate nucleus located dorsally in the medulla at its junction with the spinal cord ( Kahle-2001; Swanson-2004 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
Hinterstrangkerne
dorsal column nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1948
refers to a tract located between the abducens nucleus and the internal genu of the facial nerve in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
efferent cochleovestibular bundle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1949
refers to a group of nerve cells located between the medial vestibular nucleus and the pontine central gray in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
efferent vestibular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1950
refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
intermediolateral visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1951
refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
mediolateral visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1953
refers to "the area between nuclei in the medial half of the hypothalamus. This region is often referred to as medial region of the fibrous 'capsule' that is said to surround the medial nuclei, but this 'capsule' has considerable neurons, in addition to the dendrites of neurons in adjacent nuclei, and axons from many sources" ( Swanson-2004 ).
internuclear area, hypothalamic periventricular region
internuclear area of the periventricular region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1954
refers to clusters of cells in the body of the vestibulocochlear nerve near its junction with the anteroventral cochlear nucleus in the medulla. It is part of the subcortical auditory system in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
interstitial nucleus auditory nerve
interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1955
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum in the rat. It is located within lobule III rostral to the caudal intracentral fissure ( Swanson-2004 ).
intracentral fissure 2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1956
refers to a subdivision of the lateral geniculate body in the rat, located between the pregeniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate complex
lateral geniculate complex, intergeniculate leaflet
intergeniculate leaflet, lateral geniculate complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1957
refers to a group of cells embedded laterally in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. Defined on the basis of inputs from the lateral hypothalamic area and central amygdalar nucleus, it is located ventral to the locus ceruleus, dorsal to Barrington's nucleus, lateral to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and medial to the midbrain trigeminal nucleus. Defined in the rat, it is functionally part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral tegmental nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1958
refers to a composite structure in the rat that includes the medial septal nucleus and the nucleus of the diagonal band ( Swanson-2004 ). It is a component of the extended pallidum in the functional model of the central nervous system.
medial septal complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1959
refers to one of two subdivisions of the median eminence of the neurohypophysis in the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. The other is the internal lamina of the median eminence. Functionally it belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. (The internal lamina of the median eminence belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups.) ( Swanson-2004 ).
median eminence, external lamina
external lamina of the median eminence
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1960
refers to one of two subdivisions of the median eminence of the neurohypophysis in the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. The other is the external lamina of the median eminence. Functionally it belongs to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. (The external lamina of the median eminence belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups.) ( Swanson-2004 ).
median eminence, internal lamina
internal lamina of the median eminence
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1961
refers to one of two parts of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the rat. The other is the parvicellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Functionally both belong to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
magnocellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, magnocellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1962
refers to a fissure in the cerebellum of the rat that separates two parts of the nodulus of the cerebellum ( Swanson-2004 ).
nodular fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1963
refers to a combination of the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus and the dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
paragigantocellular reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1964
refers to a groove that separates the vermis of the cerebellum from the cerebellar hemisphere ( Madigan-1971 ).
paramedian sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1965
refers to a cell group located in the thalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is found deep to the submedial nucleus between the reuniens nucleus and the medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus. In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it is one of three nuclei in the medial group of the dorsal thalamus, which is in turn a component of the polymodal association thalamus (see Models Where It Appears below ).
perireuniens nucleus
Perireunensis nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1966
refers to a structure in the rat that emerges caudally from between the habenular commissure and the posterior commissure to connect with the pineal gland ( Swanson-2004 ).
pineal stalk
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1967
refers to a composite structure of the pontine reticular formation. It consists of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus and the rostral pontine reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
pontine reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1968
refers to the middle layer of the piriform area in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); the other two layers are the molecular layer of the piriform area and the polymorph layer of the piriform area.
pyramidal layer of the piriform area
piriform area, pyramidal layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1969
refers to a posterior part of the primary auditory cortex defined by electrophysiological criteria in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior auditory field
posterior auditory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1970
refers to a group of cells located between the medial preoptic nucleus and the nucleus of stria terminalis in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterodorsal preoptic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1971
refers to a transition zone at the boundary between the amygdala and the cerebral cortex in the human ( Mai-1997 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is between the amygdala and the piriform area rostrally and the entorhinal area caudally. (In the human and the macaque the piriform area and entorhinal area are parts of the parahippocampal gyrus.)
postpiriform transition area
amygdalopiriform TA
amygdalopiriform transition area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1972
refers to a fissure located between the lingula of the cerebellar vermis and the central lobule of the cerebellum in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
precentral fissure a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1973
refers to a small group of neurons located rostral to the parasubthalamic nucleus between the zona incerta, the lateral hypothalamic area and the subthalamic nucleus in the rat. It is distinguished by the fusiform shape and horizontal orientation of the medium-sized cells of which it is composed. Functionally it belongs to the lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).
preparasubthalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1974
refers to an unusual fissure in the cerebellum of the rat that separates two parts of the pyramis of the vermis ( Swanson-2004 ).
pyramidal fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1975
refers to a fissure in the cerebral cortex of the rat. It separates the tenia tecta rostrally from the orbital gyri and caudally from the infralimbic cortex ( Swanson-2004 ).
rhinal incisure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1977
refers to a composite structure of the cerebral cortex in the rat. It consists of area SI of Woolsey and area SII of Woolsey ( Swanson-2004 ).
somatosensory areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1978
refers to two fiber bundles that arise in the spinal cord and ascend to the cerebellum. They are the ventral spinocerebellar tract and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract ( Paxinos-2004 ).
spinocerebellar tracts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1979
refers to a group of cells in the dorsal pons ventral to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is located in an area that some authors refer to as a ventral part of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and/or the dorsal part of the subceruleus nucleus ( Paxinos-2009b ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
sublaterodorsal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1980
refers to a group of cells in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus demonstrated by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Located in the wall of the third ventricle at the base of the optic recess and dorsal to the optic chiasm, it is distinct from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which lies caudal to it.
suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1981
refers to a group of neurons embedded in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. Located dorsal to the internal genu of the facial nerve, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it is part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
supragenual nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1982
refers to four of the thalamic fiber tracts, viz., the anterior thalamic peduncle, the inferior thalamic peduncle, the posterior thalamic peduncle and the superior thalamic peduncle (NeuroNames).
thalamic peduncles
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1983
refers to the section of the third ventricle in the rat where the walls are formed by the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).
third ventricle, hypothalamic part
hypothalamic part of the third ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1984
refers to an extension of the third ventricle in the rat that is bounded superiorly by the reuniens nucleus, laterally by the lateral hypothalamic area, and inferiorly by the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).
third ventricle, periventricular recess
periventricular recess of the third ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1985
refers to an extension of the third ventricle in the rat where the walls are formed by the thalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).
thalamic part of the third ventricle
third ventricle, thalamic part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1986
refers to superficial feature that subdivides the uvula of the rat into two parts ( Swanson-2004 ).
uvular fissure 1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1987
refers to one of five substructures of the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). (See Models Where It Appears below). It has two subdivisions: the ventral posterolateral nucleus and the ventral posteromedial nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral posterior complex of the thalamus
ventral posterior complex thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1988
refers to one of two subdivisions of the ventral posterolateral nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ); the other is principal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus.
parvicellular part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
ventral posterolateral nucleus thalamus, parvicellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1989
refers to one of two subdivisions of the ventral posterolateral nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ); the other is parvicellular part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus.
principal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
ventral posterolateral nucleus thalamus, principal part
ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1990
refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
posterolateral visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1991
refers to one of 10 visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
posteromedial visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1992
refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
rostrolateral visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1993
refers to a composite structure in the rat brain. It consist of the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus, the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus, and the retrorubral field of the midbrain reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
mesencephalic reticular nucleus
midbrain reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1994
refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).
laterolateral visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1995
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum in the rat. It is located between lobule IV and lobule V ( Madigan-1971 ).
intraculminate fissure 1
intraculminate fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1996
refers to a fissure within lobule V of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterodorsal intraculminate fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1997
refers to a "heterogeneous set of structures on the medial and ventral cerebral hemisphere." It comprises the substantia innominata, basal nucleus, olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja and overlying parts of the striatum and globus pallidus. It extends caudally into pars reticulata of the substantia nigra and rostrally includes the nucleus accumbens, nucleus of the diagonal band, nucleus of stria terminalis and septal nuclei ( Mai-2004 ).
basal forebrain area
basal forebrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1998
refers to a continuation of the central canal of the spinal cord in the sacral segments ( Dorland's-2004 ).
terminal ventricle of the spinal cord
ventriculus terminalis
Ventriculus terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1999
refers to a group of nerve cells located anterolaterally in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Dorland's-2004 ).
nucleus anterolateralis medullae spinalis
Nucleus ventrolateralis
ventrolateral nucleus of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2000
refers to a group of nerve cells located anteromedially in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Dorland's-2004 ).
ventromedial nucleus of the spinal cord
Nucleus ventromedialis
nucleus ventromedialis medullae spinalis
nucleus anteromedialis medullae spinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2001
refers to a group of nerve cells located posterolaterally in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Nomina-1983; Dorland's-2004 ).
dorsolateral nucleus of the spinal cord
nucleus dorsolateralis medullae spinalis
nucleus posterolateralis medullae spinalis
Nucleus dorsolateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2002
refers to a group of cells located in the central part of the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Dorland's-2004, Nomina-1983 ).
central nucleus of the spinal cord
nucleus centralis medullae spinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2003
refers to a group of nerve cells located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord of the human at cervical segments 1 to 5 or 6. It gives rise to the spinal part of the accessory nerve ( Carpenter-1983; Crosby-1962 ). It is found also in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus of accessory nerve
accessory nucleus of anterior column of spinal cord
nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve
nucleus accessorius columnae anterioris medullae spinalis
nucleus of the accessory nerve
accessory nerve nucleus
Nucleus nervi accessorii
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2004
refers to a group of nerve cells located centrally in the anterior gray column of the third to seventh cervical segments of the spinal cord ( Dorland-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
phrenic nucleus of anterior column of spinal cord
nucleus of phrenic nerve
Nucleus nervi phrenici
phrenic nucleus
nucleus of the phrenic nerve
nucleus phrenicus columnae anterioris medullae spinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2006
refers to a slightly constricted portion of the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Gray-1918a ). It corresponds approximately to the histologically defined lamina V ( Jastrow-2007 ).
neck of posterior horn of spinal cord
neck of dorsal horn of spinal cord
Cervix cornus posterioris
Cervix cornus dorsalis
neck of the posterior horn
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2007
refers to the portion of the posterior gray column of the spinal cord that, in cross section, is seen as continuous with the base of the anterior gray column ( Gray-1918a ). It corresponds approximately to the junction of the histologically defined lamina V and lamina VI ( Jastrow-2007 ).
basal nucleus of the dorsal horn
base of the posterior horn
base of dorsal horn of spinal cord
Basis cornuis dorsalis
basis cornus posterioris medullae spinalis
Basis cornus dorsalis
basis cornus dorsalis medullae spinalis
base of posterior horn of spinal cord
Basis cornus posterioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2008
refers to the portion of the spinal central gray that is located ventral to the gray commissure of the spinal cord ( Dorland-2004 ).
Substantia visceralis secundaria
second visceral substance of the spinal cord
secondary visceral gray matter of spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2012
refers to a structure in the spinal central gray ( Nomina-1983 ).
Formatio reticularis
reticular formation of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2014
refers to a spinal cord structure ( Dorland-2004 ).
bulboreticulospinal tract
Tractus bulboreticulospinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2015
refers to a spinal cord structure ( Dorland-2004 ).
Tractus pontoreticulospinalis
pontoreticulospinal tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2016
refers to the portion of the piriform area located in the temporal lobe ( Mai-1997 ).
piriform cortex of the temporal lobe
(pre-)piriform cortex, temporal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2017
refers to the part of the gray commissure in the spinal central gray posterior to the central canal of the spinal cord. It is identified by Nissl stain and found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal gray commissure
dorsal commissural nucleus of the spinal cord
dorsal commissural nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2020
refers to a portion of the superior temporal gyrus near the temporal pole in the human. It is located in the temporal bank of the lateral fissure rostral to the transverse temporal gyrus ( Szikla-1977 ).
planum polare
planum polare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2021
refers to brainstem nuclei that are primarily associated with the trigeminal nerve. They include the midbrain trigeminal nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum, the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the pontine tegmentum, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which has subnuclei in both the pontine tegmentum and the medulla ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Kerne des N. trigeminus (N. V)
Trigeminuskomplex
trigeminal nuclei
Trigeminuskerne
trigeminal nuclear complex
Nuclei trigemini
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2022
refers to a superficial feature of the insula, namely, the extreme anterior surface of the insula that is revealed by excision of the temporal lobe ( Savel'ev-1996 ).
полюс островка
Polus insulae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2023
represents a subdivision of the substantia nigra based on an alternative definition of that structure and its parts ( Francois-1984 ).
mixed-cell part of substantia nigra
mixed cell part of the substantia nigra
Substantia nigra, pars mixta
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2024
refers to the more lateral of two subdivisions of the fasciolar gyrus. It is continuous with the CA3 field of the CA fields; the more medial subdivision is the Fasciola cinerea (Amaral), which is continuous with the dentate gyrus. ( Amaral-1990 ).
Gyrus fasciolaris (Amaral)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2025
refers to the more medial of two subdivisions of the fasciolar gyrus. It is continuous with the dentate gyrus. The more lateral subdivision is the Gyrus fasciolaris (Amaral), which is continuous with the CA3 field of the CA fields ( Amaral-1990 ).
Fasciola cinerea (Amaral)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2026
refers to a composite structure of the limbic lobe based on internal structure and connectivity. It includes the hippocampal formation, the presubiculum, the parasubiculum and the entorhinal area ( Insausti-2004 ).
hippocampal formation (Insausti)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2027
refers to a composite structure of the temporal lobe that includes the subiculum, the presubiculum and the parasubiculum ( Amaral-1990 ).
subicular complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2028
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined part of the amygdala. All authors regard it as occupying the caudal third of the amygdala, which abuts the hippocampal formation. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) it is located close to the medial surface of the temporal lobe; it is bounded internally by the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle.
In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is bounded largely by the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus and the accessory basal nucleus (known as the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala in rodents); the stria terminalis separates it from the ventricle.
According to some authors the amygdalohippocampal area extends anteriorly to occupy the caudal half of the amygdala. These authors divide the area into two or three parts, which in the human ( Olmos-2004 ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) are named on the basis of location: anterolateral, posterolateral and posteromedial parts. In the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rostral portion of the area is divided into two parts on the basis of cellular morphology: magnocellular and parvicellular parts. Some authors refer to the area in rodents as the 'posterior amygdalar nucleus' ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).
Area amygdalohippocampalis
posterior amygdalar nucleus
posterior nucleus of the amygdala
amygdalohippocampal transition area
posterior nucleus amygdala
amygdalo-hippocampal area
Area periamygdalae caudalis ventralis
amygdalohippocampal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2029
refers to a superficial feature of the human temporal lobe. It is a cul de sac of subarachnoid space located at the rostral extreme of the hippocampal formation ( Amaral-1990 ).
diverticulum unci
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2030
refers to the transition zone between the CA fields and the subiculum in which elements of both structures are represented ( Amaral-1990 ).
prosubiculum
prosubiculum
Prosubiculum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2031
refers to a shallow depression located in the entorhinal area of the human rostral to the hippocampal fissure ( Amaral-1992 ).
Sulcus intrarhinalis
intrarhinal sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2032
refers to one of two subdivisions of the basal nucleus of the amygdala based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the paralaminar nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).
basal nucleus of the amygdala (Amaral)
intermediate principal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2033
refers to one of two subdivisions of the lateral amygdalar nucleus based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the ventrolateral division of the lateral nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).
dorsomedial division of the lateral nucleus
dorsomedial division of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2034
refers to one of two subdivisions of the lateral amygdalar nucleus based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the dorsomedial division of the lateral nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).
ventrolateral division of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2035
refers to one of two subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).
medial division of the central nucleus of the amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2036
refers to one of two subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the medial division of the central nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).
lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala
central nucleus of amygdala (Lauer)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2037
refers to one of three subdivisions of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala based on cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The others are the parvicellular division of the accessory basal nucleus and the ventromedial division of the accessory basal nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).
magnocellular division of the accessory basal nucleus
Nucleus basalis accessorius lateralis amygdalae
Nucleus amygdalae basalis accessorius, pars lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2038
refers to one of three subdivisions of the accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus based on cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The others are the magnocellular division of accessory basal nucleus and the ventromedial division of accessory basal nucleus.
parvicellular division of the accessory basal nucleus
Nucleus basalis accessorius medialis amygdalae
Nucleus amygdalae basalis accessorius, pars medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2039
refers to one of three subdivisions of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala based on cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The others are the parvicellular division of the accessory basal nucleus and the magnocellular division of the accessory basal nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).
ventromedial division of the accessory basal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2040
refers to fibers that separate the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala from the medial amygdalar nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).
medial fiber bundle of the amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2041
refers to a subdivision of the lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus. It is one of two substructures distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The other is the intermediate division of the basal nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).
magnocellular division of the basal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2042
refers to a subdivision of the lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus. It is one of two substructures distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The other is the magnocellular division of the basal nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).
intermediate division of the basal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2043
refers to a subdivision of the medial part of the basal amygdalar nucleus. It is one of two substructures distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The other is the paralaminar nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).
parvicellular division of the basal nucleus
parvicellular division of the basal nucleus (Amaral)
basal amygdaloid nucleus, lateral part, parvocellular part
basal amygdaloid nucleus, medial part, deep portion
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2044
refers to a subdivision of the medial part of the basal amygdalar nucleus. It is one of two substructures distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The other is the parvicellular division of the basal nucleus (Amaral) ( Amaral-1992 ).
ventral principal nucleus of amygdala
superficial portion of medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus (Lauer)
paralaminar nucleus of the amygdala
paralamellar basolateral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2045
refers to fibers that separate the lateral amygdalar nucleus and the basal nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).
lateral fiber bundle of the amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2046
refers to fibers that separate the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala and the basal nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).
intermediate fiber bundle of the amygdala
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2047
refers to the nuclear components of the septum including the septal nuclei, the nucleus of the diagonal band, the nucleus of stria terminalis, the nucleus of the anterior commissure, and the septofimbrial nucleus ( Andy-1968, Stephan-1975 ).
Septum gangliosum
true septum
Septum verum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2048
refers to a substructure of the anterior terminal part of the parahippocampal gyrus. Its surface and the surfaces of the remaining anterior terminal part of the parahippocampal gyrus and of the dentate gyrus, constitute the uncus of the temporal lobe ( Carpenter-1983, Anthoney-1994 ).
gyrus intralimbique
gyrus intralimbicus
внутрикраевая извилина
intralimbic gyrus
apex de l'uncus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2049
refers to a bundle of fibers in the medial longitudinal fasciculus that originates in the medial vestibular nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus and descending vestibular nucleus, partially crosses to the contralateral side in the medulla and terminates in the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962 ).
anterior vestibulospinal tract
traktus vestibulospinal medial
medial vestibulospinal tract
Tractus vestibulospinalis medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2050
refers to a substructure of the anterior-most part of the parahippocampal gyrus. Its surface and the surfaces of the remaining anterior-most parts of the parahippocampal gyrus and the hippocampal formation comprise the uncus of the temporal lobe ( Crosby-1962 ).
крючковидная извилина
gyrus uncinatus
uncinate gyrus
Gyrus uncinatus
uncus (Lockard)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2051
refers to an alternate definition of basal ganglia based on proximity. It consists of the striatum, the globus pallidus and the amygdala ( Carpenter-1983 ). A discussion of semantic differences in use of the term 'basal ganglia' is presented in Anthoney-1994.
basal ganglia of Carpenter
basal ganglia (Carpenter)
gangli della base
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2052
refers to a composite substructure of the brain. It includes the midbrain, the pons and the medulla. Some authors include the cerebellum and/or parts of the interbrain. A discussion of differences in the use of this term is presented in Anthoney-1994.
tronco encefálico
tronco cerebrale
tronc cérébral
Truncus encephali
ствол конечного мозга
Stammhirn
ствол головного мозга
tronco del encéfalo
brain stem
Hirnstamm
batang otak
tronco encefalico
мозговой ствол
Truncus encephalicus
brainstem
truncus cerebri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2053
denotes one side of the midbrain, i.e., the cerebral peduncle and tectum of one side. A discussion of differences in definitions of these terms is presented in Anthoney-1994.
cerebral peduncle (Hensyl)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2054
is a functionally defined set of structures in the nervous system that are involved primarily in the regulation of visceral function ( Carpenter-1983 ). A thorough discussion of semantic differences in the use of this term is presented in Anthoney-1994.
visceral nervous system
sistema nervioso autónomo
vegetatives Nervensystem
vegetative nervous system
autonomic nervous system
Systema nervosum (pars autonomica)
Systema nervosum autonomicum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2055
denotes a composite substructure of forebrain that is variously defined on the basis of function and connectivity. For most authors it includes the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal formation, the septal nuclei, the amygdala, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus, the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus and portions of the basal ganglia. For a review of differences in the definition of this term see Anthoney-1994. See also limbic lobe.
sistema limbico
лимбическая система
limbic system
limbisches System
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2056
refers to a group of substructures of the endbrain defined on the basis of connectivity. Obsolete since the olfactory system was redefined in the 1980s ( Price-1990 ). Authors differed in their definitions depending to large extent on whether they regarded the olfactory bulb or the structures that receive axonal fibers from the olfactory bulb as the olfactory cortex ( Anthoney-1994 ). Some applied the name 'secondary olfactory cortical area' to the olfactory entorhinal cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).
secondary olfactory cortical area
secondary olfactory areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2057
refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain based on function and connectivity. It includes the paraterminal gyrus, the subcallosal area and, for some authors, part of the septum and other areas as well. See Anthoney-1994 for an analysis of nomenclature of the olfactory areas.
medial olfactory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058
refers to a fiber pathway that originates from neurons in the spinal central gray and projects to various somatosensory nuclei of the thalamus. It is formed in the medulla by merger of the anterior spinothalamic tract and lateral spinothalamic tract. It consists of four parts: the spinothalamic tract of the medulla, the spinothalamic tract of the pons, the spinothalamic tract of the midbrain and the spinothalamic tract of the forebrain. Some authors include the brain stem continuations of the spinotectal tract and the spinoreticular tract in the spinothalamic tract. Semantic and factual conflicts in alternate definitions are discussed in Anthoney-1994.
spinothalamic tract
tratto spinotalamico
traktus spinotalamik
tratto spinotalamici
Lemniscus spinalis
spinal lemniscus
Tractus spinothalamicus
Tractus spino-thalamicus
спинномозговая петля
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2059
refers to an alternate definition of the term "basal ganglia" based on proximity of nuclear masses in the endbrain. It includes the basal ganglia, the substantia innominata and the Nucleus subputaminalis ( Crosby-1962 ). A discussion of differences in use of the term "basal ganglia" is presented in Anthoney-1994.
subcortical gray
deep nuclear gray of hemisphere
telencephalic nuclei
basal ganglia of Crosby
basal ganglia (Crosby)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2060
refers to a definition of the term " basal ganglia " widely used in clinical medicine and systems neuroscience. Based on the functional relatedness and connectivity of structures as well as proximity, it includes the striatum, the globus pallidus, the subthalamus and the substantia nigra ( Parent-1996 ). A thorough discussion of differences in use of the term " basal ganglia " is presented in Anthoney-1994.
System der Basalganglien
basal ganglia circuit
basal ganglia (clinical definition)
basal ganglia (clinical)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2061
refers to a variably defined composite substructure of the endbrain. According to T.R. Anthoney, who compared uses of the term in 23 different sources, the limbic lobe, or Gyrus fornicatus, is defined variously even by authors who cite Broca as their original source. Most definitions include the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and parts or all of the archicortex, the three structures that comprise the limbic lobe in NeuroNames. The major differences in definition have to do with whether the CA fields, supracallosal gyrus, paraterminal gyrus and olfactory structures, such as the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract and olfactory tubercle are included. A discussion of the many definitions, including Broca's, is presented in Anthoney-1994.
Gyrus fornicatus
fornicate convolution
lobo limbico
сводчатая извилина
извилина Арнольда
limbic lobe (Anthoney)
grande lobe limbique of Broca
lóbulo límbico
fornicate gyrus
falciform lobe
fornicate lobe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2062
refers to a functionally defined structure that includes portions of the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the cerebral cortex. Architectonically it corresponds to area 44 and area 45, which constitute the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ( Petrides-2012 ). Functionally, it is involved in speech production and is identified with the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (area PMVr in the human; area F5 in the macaque) ( Matelli-2004 ).
Broca-Zentrum
Broka'sches Feld
área del habla de Broca
centro del habla
convolution of Broca
Broca's region
Broca's area
Rindengebiet nach Broca
area del linguaggio di Broca
Broca's speech area
Broca Region
motor speech area of Broca
anterior speech cortex
area of Broca
area bicara Broca
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2063
refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter. Some authors regard it as the connection between the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe. Others as a synonym for the superior longitudinal fasciculus. See Anthoney-1994 for a discussion of semantic conflicts in the use of these terms. The structures are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections.
fascículo arqueado
arcuate fasciculus
fasciculus arcuatus
fascicolo arcuato
fascículo arciforme
Fibrae arcuatae cerebri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2064
refers to an alternate definition of basal ganglia based on connectivity. It includes the striatum, the nucleus accumbens, the globus pallidus, the ventral pallidum, the subthalamic nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area ( Martin-1989 ). A discussion of semantic differences in the use of the term 'basal ganglia' is presented in Anthoney-1994.
basal ganglia (Martin)
basal ganglia of Martin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2065
refers to a functionally defined area occupying the caudal parts of the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. It is involved in voluntary eye movements ( Carpenter-1983 ). A discussion of its relation to Brodmann's areas is presented in Anthoney-1994.
frontal gaze center
frontal lobe eye field
frontal eye field
campo ocular frontal
voluntary eye field
frontales Augenfeld
campo oculare frontale
frontal motor eye field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2066
is used variably to refer to the paravermal cortex or to the paravermal zone of the cerebellum. See Anthoney-1994 for a discussion of the various uses of this term and its synonyms.
Pars intermedia of cerebellum
paravermal zone
intermediate zone of the cerebellum
intermediate region of cerebellum
paravermis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2067
denotes a composite substructure of the endbrain that includes the lateral olfactory stria, the volumetric structures whose combined surfaces constitute the uncus and, depending on the author, other parts of the anterior portion of the parahippocampal gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). A thorough discussion of differences in description of the pyriform lobe is presented in Anthoney-1994.
primary olfactory cortex (Carpenter)
pyriform lobe
pyriform area
piriform lobe
lobo piriforme
piriform cortex (Noback)
piriform area
korteks piriform
lobus piriform
corteccia olfattiva primaria (Carpenter)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2068
refers to one of three basic components of the central nervous system (CNS) segmented on the basis of embryogenesis, connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). The others are the cerebellum and the cerebrospinal trunk. In the classical segmentation of the CNS on the basis of topology and internal structure, the cerebrum is equivalent to the endbrain component of the forebrain.
Historically the term cerebrum has been used for several different parts of the CNS including the whole brain, the cerebral hemispheres and the sum of cerebral cortex and adjacent cerebral white matter. A thorough discussion of the definitional history is to be found in Anthoney-1994.
Großhirn
cervello
cerebrum
большой мозг
serebrum
мозг (головной мозг)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2069
refers to a group of nerve cells in a location dorsal to the trochlear nucleus. It is variously defined by different authors based on whether they identify it with the dorsal raphe nucleus, the dorsal tegmental nucleus, or as an independent entity within the periaqueductal gray. A discussion of different definitions of the supratrochlear nucleus is presented in Anthoney-1994.
supratrochlear nucleus
Nucleus supratrochlearis substantiae griseae
Nucleus supratrochlearis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2070
refers to a functionally defined group of structures and tracts in the brain, exclusive of the pyramidal system, that are directly involved in motor function. Five different definitions and a thorough discussion of their evolution are presented in Anthoney-1994.
extrapyramidal-motorische Bahnen
extrapyramidal-motorisches System
экстарпирамидная система
экстрапирамидные проводящие пути
extrapyramidal system
extrapyramidale Bahnen
extrapyramidal pathway
внепирамидная система
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2071
refers either to a transitional zone of cerebral cortex that occupies a caudal portion of the parahippocampal gyrus and a rostral portion of the lingual gyrus, or to a gyrus adjacent to those gyri and separated from them by the collateral sulcus, i.e., a subdivision of the fusiform gyrus. In Nomina-1983 it is described as a convolution that is distinct from the lingual gyrus but continuous with it and the parahippocampal gyrus. Semantic and factual conflicts regarding the structure and nomenclature of this area are discussed in Anthoney-1994.
Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis (Nomina)
медиальная затылочно-височная извилина
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2072
refers to a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus. Some authors regard it as part of the gyrus underlying the uncus ( Ture-1999 ), others as a synonym for limen insula. A thorough discussion of different definitions of these terms is presented in Anthoney-1994.
ambient gyrus
Gyrus ambiens (Willis)
окружающая извилина
ambiens gyrus
gyrus ambiens
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2073
refers to all or a portion of a composite structure that includes the supracallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus. See Anthoney-1994 for a review of different uses of this term.
hippocampal rudiment
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2074
refers to a rostral portion of the hippocampal rudiment. It includes the paraterminal gyrus and perhaps part of the supracallosal gyrus. See Anthoney-1994 for a review of uses of this term.
prehippocampal rudiment
rudiment préhippocampal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2075
refers to the pars nervosa of hypophysis, the intermediate part of the hypophysis and the distal part of the hypophysis ( Carpenter-1983 ). For a review of differences in nomenclature for the hypophysis and its substructures see Anthoney-1994.
Hypophysis (Carpenter)
pituitary body
pituitary gland (Carpenter)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2076
refers to a composite substructure located at the junction of the forebrain, the cerebellum and the medulla. It includes part or all of the midbrain and the pons. For a discussion of the history of this term see Anthoney-1994.
перешеек (мозга)
istmo
Isthmus encephali
istmus
isthmus of the brain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2077
refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain that includes the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tract, the olfactory trigone, the medial olfactory stria, the lateral olfactory stria, the olfactory tubercle, the medial olfactory gyrus, the piriform area, the diagonal band, the subcallosal area and the paraterminal gyrus. For a thorough review of the history and multiple uses of the term "rhinencephalon" see Anthoney-1994.
Rhinencephalon (Nomina)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2078
denotes a composite substructure of the endbrain that is functionally identified with olfaction. Defined by connectivity, it includes the olfactory bulb and all structures that receive fibers from it, including the olfactory tract, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the medial and lateral olfactory stria, i.e., the olfactory tract, parts of the amygdala and the piriform area ( Carpenter-1983 ). Other definitions, based on comparative neuroanatomy, such as rhinencephalon of Crosby, or on other criteria, such as Rhinencephalon (Nomina), are more extensive. For a concise review of the history and multiple uses of this term see Anthoney-1994. PubMed treats it as a synonym of olfactory cortex.
paleocortex (Carpenter)
otak penghidu
rhinencephalon
corteccia olfattoria
rinencéfalo
paleopallio
обонятельная доля
regione olfattiva basale
basal olfactory structures
olfactory brain
rhinencephalon
paleopallium
обонятельный мозг
lobo olfattivo primitivo
encéfalo olfatorio
olfactory lobe
Riechhirn
rinencefalo
Rhinencephalon
Lobus olfactorius
primitive olfactory lobe
rinensefalon
обонятельный отдел
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2079
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that consists of the subcallosal area and the paraterminal gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). For a review of semantic differences in the use of the word "septal" and the various components attributed to it, see Anthoney-1994.
korteks septal
area septalis
area subcallosa
area settale
paraterminal body
septal area
septal cortex
area septal
septal area-1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2080
refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter. It is composed of fibers that connect the cortex of the frontal lobe with cortex of the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors refer to the connection with the temporal lobe as the arcuate fasciculus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections. For full discussion of semantic differences in the use of these terms see Anthoney-1994.
верхний продольный пучок
Fasciculus longitudinalis superior
fasciculus longitudinalis superior
superior longitudinal fasciculus
fascicolo longitudinale superiore
fascículo longitudinal superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2081
refers to fiber pathways that connect the ventral nuclear group of thalamus with the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus through the superior thalamic peduncle, the posterior limb of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter ( Carpenter-1983 ). They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.
superior thalamic radiations
Radiationes thalamicae centrales
middle thalamic radiation
superior thalamic radiation
центральные таламические лучистости
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2082
refers to fiber pathways that connect the thalamus with the temporal lobe, the insula and/or, according to some authors, the ventral portion of the frontal lobe. They pass through the inferior thalamic peduncle, the sublenticular part of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter ( Carpenter-1983 ). They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and the thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.
inferior thalamic radiation
inferior thalamic radiations
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2083
refers to fiber pathways that connect the caudal parts of the thalamus with the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe through the posterior thalamic peduncle, the posterior limb of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter ( Carpenter-1983 ). They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and the thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.
radiazione talamica posteriore
Radiationes thalamicae posteriores
posterior thalamic radiation
posterior thalamic radiations
задние таламические лучистости
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2084
refers to a fiber pathway in the sublenticular part of internal capsule (posterior limb) and other parts of the cerebral white matter. It connects the medial geniculate body with the transverse temporal gyrus of the cerebral cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. Some authors consider it synonymous with, or a part of, the inferior thalamic radiations. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.
geniculotemporal radiations
auditory radiation
acoustic radiations
radiazione uditiva
Radiatio acustica
geniculotemporal tract
слуховая лучистость
Hörstrahlung
Radiatio geniculo-temporalis
radiasi akustik
radiación auditiva
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2085
refers to the cranial nerve formed by merger of the cranial part of the accessory nerve, which is an appendage of the medulla, and the spinal part of the accessory nerve. It is not part of the brain. A thorough discussion of semantic and factual conflicts in terminology regarding the accessory nerve and associated nuclei is presented in Anthoney-1994.
Nerve XI
spinal accessory nerve
accessory nerve
nervus accessorius spinalis
Nervus accessorius
вилизиев нерв
добавочный нерв
nervus accessorius
saraf-otak kesebelas
нерв Виллизия
saraf aksesori
nervo accessorio
nervio espinal
spinal accessory nerve-2
XI. Hirnnerv
nervo XI
eleventh cranial nerve
nervio accesorio
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2086
refers to the confluence of the intraparietal sulcus, the lunate sulcus of the macaque and the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsal surface of the cerebral cortex of the macaque ( Kappers-1960 ). It is an externally visible opening to the intraparietal sulcus, which some authors refer to as the 'simian fossa'. It is not identified as a separate structure in brain atlases of the human, and equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
simian sulcus
Sulcus simiarum
Sulcus parieto-occipitalis lateralis
Affenspalte
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2087
refers to a composite structure of the CA fields. It includes the CA2 field and the CA3 field ( Bakst-1984 ).
regio inferior of the hippocampus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2088
refers to two cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the fascia dentata: the molecular layer, which is located adjacent to the CA fields and/or the subiculum, and the granular layer, which is located between it and the hilus of the dentate gyrus ( Bakst-1984 ).
layers of the fascia dentata
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2089
refers to six cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the CA3 field of CA fields. Beginning at their boundary with the white matter of the temporal lobe they are the alveus of the CA3 field, the stratum oriens of the CA3 field, the stratum pyramidale of the CA3 field, the stratum lucidum of the CA3 field, the stratum radiatum of the CA3 field and the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA3 field ( Bakst-1984 ).
layers of CA3 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2090
refers to five cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the CA1 field of the CA fields. Beginning at their boundary with the white matter of the temporal lobe they are the alveus of the CA1 field, the stratum oriens of the CA1 field, the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 field, the stratum radiatum of the CA1 field and the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 field ( Bakst-1984 ).
layers of CA1 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2091
refers to five cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the CA2 field of the CA fields. Beginning at their boundary with the white matter of the temporal lobe they are the alveus of the CA2 field, the stratum oriens of the CA2 field, the stratum pyramidale of the CA2 field, the stratum radiatum of the CA2 field and the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA2 field ( Bakst-1984 ).
layers of CA2 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2092
refers to three cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the subiculum. Beginning at the outer limit of the subiculum, i.e., at its boundary with the hippocampal fissure, they are: the molecular layer of the subiculum (layer I), the pyramidal layer of the subiculum (layer 2) and the polymorphic layer of the subiculum (layer 3) ( Bakst-1984 ).
layers of the subiculum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2093
refers to cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the presubiculum. The three layers are reported in the macaque. Beginning from the surface of the brain they are: the molecular layer of the presubiculum (layer I), the principal layer of the presubiculum (layer 2) and the pyramidal layer of the presubiculum (layer 3) ( Bakst-1984 ). Six layers are distinguised in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
layers of the presubiculum
layers of presubiculum
Presubiculum, layers 1-6
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2095
refers to a portion of the periaqueductal gray. It and the lateral dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray constitute the lateral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray ( Beitz-1990 ).
ventrolateral division of midbrain central gray
lateral ventral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2097
refers to a portion of the periaqueductal gray. It, the lateral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray and the dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray, constitute the periaqueductal gray ( Beitz-1990 ).
medial subnucleus of the midbrain central gray
Griseum centrale mesencephali, subnucleus medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2099
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the human cerebral cortex that is distinguished by large pyramidal cells that are cytoarchitecturally distinct from those of the area 4 of Brodmann (human). It is located in the depth of the cingulate sulcus where it occupies portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the cingulate gyrus. It may correspond to the human secondary motor cortex ( Braak-1976, Zilles-1990 ).
cingulate gigantopyramidal field
cingulate core
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2100
refers to large pyramidal cells seen in layer 5 of area 17 of Brodmann (guenon) distributed in layer 5 along its boundary with layer 6 ( Brodmann-1905 ).
solitary cells of Meynert
Meynertschen Solitaerszellen
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2101
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the lateral and caudal two thirds of the superior temporal gyrus. It is bounded rostrally by the area 38 of Brodmann (human), medially by the area 42 of Brodmann (human), ventrocaudally by the area 21 of Brodmann (human) and dorsocaudally by the area 40 of Brodmann (human) and the area 39 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).
superior temporal area 22
Brodmann's area 22
area 22 of Brodmann (human)
Feld 22
Area temporalis superior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2102
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex in the human. Defined by the band of Gennari, which gives it the name striate (furrowed) area, it occupies the banks of the calcarine sulcus which are located in the cuneus and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the area 18 of Brodmann (human) which surrounds it ( Brodmann-1909 ). In the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) it is located on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere.
striate area
calcarine cortex
primary visual area
striate cortex
Sehfeld V1
area visual I
korteks penglihatan primer
Brodmann's area 17
primary visual cortex
primäre Sehrinde
area 17 of Brodmann
area 17 of Brodmann (human)
Area 17 nach Brodmann
corteccia visiva primaria
Area striata
Feld 17
corteccia visiva
corteccia striata
visual area I
area 17
korteks visual primer
striate area 17
Sehzentrum V1
corteza visual primaria
cortex strié
primärer visueller Kortex
korteks striat
área estriada
área visual primaria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2103
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the caudal portion of the subcallosal area adjacent to the paraterminal gyrus from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus. It is bounded by the area 11 of Brodmann (human) rostrally and by the paraterminal gyrus caudally ( Brodmann-1909, Vogt-1987 ).
Area subgenualis
Brodmann's area 25
subgenual area
subgenual area 25
area 25 of Brodmann (human)
Feld 25
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2104
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial area of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the area 26 of Brodmann (human) and externally by the area 30 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). Brodmann found area 29 in the lemur, a prosimian but failed to find it in the guenon, a cercopithecus more closely related to the macaque ( Brodmann-1909 ). Vogt has reported it in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ).
area 29 of Brodmann
Brodmann's area 29
Feld 29
Area retrolimbica granularis
granular retrolimbic area 29
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2105
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies approximately the middle third of the middle frontal gyrus and the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human), rostroventrally by the frontopolar area 10 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the triangular area 45 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Brodmann's area 46
area 46 of Brodmann (human)
middle frontal area 46
Area frontalis media
Feld 46
area 46 of Brodmann
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2106
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the anterior transverse temporal gyrus in the bank of the lateral fissure on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the area 52 of Brodmann (human) and laterally by the area 42 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 41 of Brodmann
Area temporalis transversa anterior
principales áreas receptoras auditivas
anterior transverse temporal area 41
principal auditory receptive areas
Brodmann's area 41
Area temporalis transversa interna
area 41 of Brodmann (human)
Feld 41
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2107
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies most of the posterior cingulate gyrus adjacent to the corpus callosum. At the caudal extreme it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the area 31 of Brodmann (human), rostrally by the area 24 of Brodmann (human), and ventrorostrally in its caudal half by the retrosplenial area ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 23 of Brodmann (human)
Area cingularis posterior ventralis
Brodmann's area 23
Feld 23
ventral posterior cingulate area 23
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2108
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located in the bank of the lateral fissure on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the area 41 of Brodmann (human) and laterally by the area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 42 of Brodmann (human)
area 42 of Brodmann
Feld 42
posterior transverse temporal area 42
Area temporalis transversa externa
Brodmann's area 42
Area temporalis transversa posterior
auditory association area
área auditiva de associación
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2109
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the cuneus, the lingual gyrus and the middle occipital gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on one side by the area 17 of Brodmann (human), from which it is distinguished by absence of a band of Gennari, and on the other by the area 19 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Sehareal V2
Feld 18
Area occipitalis
Sehrinde V2
area 18
área visual secondaria
parastriate area 18
Brodmann's area 18
sekundäre Sehrinde
area visiva secondaria
area 18 of Brodmann (human)
parastriate area
visual area II
secondary visual area
area penglihatan sekunder
área visual II
area visual II
korteks parastriat
Area parastriata of Smith
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2110
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined postcentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus between the ventrolateral extreme of the central sulcus and the depth of the lateral fissure at the insula. Its rostral and caudal borders are approximated by the anterior subcentral sulcus (H) and the posterior subcentral sulcus respectively. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human) and caudally, for the most part, by the area 2 of Brodmann (human) and the area 40 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Feld 43
Area subcentralis
Brodmann's area 43
area 43 of Brodmann (human)
subcentral area 43
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2111
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the lingual gyrus, the cuneus, the middle occipital gyrus and the superior occipital gyrus of the occipital lobe where it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on one side by the area 18 of Brodmann (human) which it surrounds. Rostrally it is bounded by the area 39 of Brodmann and the area 37 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 19 of Brodmann (human)
Brodmann's area 19
area 19
area 19
Feld 19
peristriate area
Area peristriata of Smith
peristriate area 19
korteks peristriat
área visual III
visual area III
preoccipital cortex
area visual III
Area praeoccipitalis
pre-occipital cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2112
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the inferior temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the area 36 of Brodmann (human), laterally by the area 21 of Brodmann (human), rostrally by the area 38 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 37 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 20 of Brodmann (human)
inferior temporal area 20
Area temporalis inferior
Feld 20
Brodmann's area 20
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2113
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies most of the anterior cingulate gyrus in an arc around the genu of the corpus callosum. Its outer border corresponds approximately to the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by area 33 of Brodmann externally by area 32 of Brodmann (human), and caudally by area 23 of Brodmann (human) and the area 31 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Brodmann's area 24
ventral anterior cingulate area 24
Feld 24
area 24 of Brodmann (human)
Area cingularis anterior ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2114
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial area of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus adjacent to the fasciolar gyrus internally. It is bounded externally by the area 29 of Brodmann-1909 (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Area ectosplenialis
Brodmann's area 26
area 26 of Brodmann (human)
ectosplenial area 26
Feld 26
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2115
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined hippocampal region of the human cerebral cortex. It is located in the entorhinal area on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It and the area 28 of Brodmann (guenon) together constitute approximately the entorhinal area ( Brodmann-1909 ).
dorsal entorhinal area 34
Feld 34
Brodmann's area 34
area 34 of Brodmann (human)
area 34 of Brodmann
Area entorhinalis dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2116
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined hippocampal region of the cerebral cortex in the human. It is located on the medial surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitectually it is bounded rostrally by the perirhinal area 35 and medially by the presubiculum. While described by Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ), it was not included in his areal maps of human cortex ( Brodmann-1909; Brodmann-1910 ).
area 48 of Brodmann
Brodmann's area 48
retrosubicular area
retrosubicular area 48
Area retrosubicularis
area 48 of Brodmann (human)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2117
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex of the human. As illustrated in Brodmann-1910, it constitutes most of the orbital gyri, the straight gyrus, and the most rostral portion of the superior frontal gyrus. It is bounded medially by the inferior rostral sulcus and laterally approximately by the frontomarginal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on the rostral and lateral aspects of the hemisphere by the area 10 of Brodmann (human), the area 47 of Brodmann (human), and the area 45 of Brodmann (human); on the medial surface it is bounded dorsally by the area 12 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 25 of Brodmann (human). In an earlier map, the area labeled 11 was larger; it included the area now designated area 12 of Brodmann (human).
prefrontal area 11
Area praefrontalis
Feld 11
prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1910
area 11 of Brodmann (human)
Brodmann's area 11
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2118
is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a greatly thickened outer band of Baillarger (a dense horizontal plexus of myelinated fibers in the internal granular layer (IV) of cerebral cortex). It is visible to the naked eye and gives the area 17 of Brodmann (human) its name. In the human, area 17 of Brodmann (human) is located in the banks of the calcarine sulcus and portions of the cuneus and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe ( Crosby-1962, Carpenter-1983 ).
visual stria
linea di Gennari
line of Vicq d'Azyr
stria of Gennari
stripe of Gennari
strie de Gennari
Lamina IVB
Gennari-Streifen
Vicq d'Azyr-Streifen
banda de Gennari
band of Gennari
line of Gennari
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2120
is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a horizontal band of myelinated fibers in the most superficial part of the external pyramidal layer (layer III) ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the deep part of the external granular layer (layer II) ( Crosby-1962 ) of cerebral cortex.
band of Kaes-Bechterew
stripe of Vicq d'Azyr
stria of Kaes
stripe of Kaes
Kaes-Bechterew-Streifen
stria of Vicq d'Azyr
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2121
refers to the more superficial of two subdivisions of the fascia dentata based on cytoarchitecture. The deeper subdivision is the granular layer of the dentate gyrus ( Amaral-1990 ).
strato molecolare
molecular layer of dentate gyrus
Stratum moleculare
molecular layer of the dentate gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2122
refers to one of two subdivisions of the fascia dentata based on cytoarchitecture. The other subdivision is the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus ( Amaral-1990 ).
strato granolare
Stratum granulosum
granule cell layer
granular cell layer
granular layer of dentate gyrus
granular layer of the dentate gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2123
refers to the cellular component of the hilus of the dentate gyrus ( Amaral-1990 ).
polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus
strato polimorfico
polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus
polymorphic layer of dentate gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2124
refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the striatum that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
corticostriate tract
serabut kortikostriat
fibre corticostriate
corticostriate fibers
fibras corticoestriadas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2125
refers to a dopaminergic fiber pathway connecting the substantia nigra with the striatum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
comb bundle
serabut-serabut nigrostriatal
fibre nigrostriate
nigrostriate bundle
nigrostriatal bundle
nigrostriatale Fasern
nigrostriatal fibers
nigrostriatal tract
fibre nigrostriatali
fibras nigroestriadas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2126
refers to a group of nerve cells in the caudal pole of the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla. They give rise to the cranial part of the accessory nerve ( Crosby-1962 ).
bulbar accessory nucleus
caudal pole of nucleus ambiguus
nucleus of the bulbar accessory nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2127
refers to the medial portion of the cerebellar hemisphere located adjacent to the vermis of cerebellum ( Carpenter-1983 ).
paramedial cortex
paravermal cortex
zona cerebellari paravermale
intermediate cortex
korteks paramedian
zona paravermicular
korteks paravermis
zona paravermale
área paravermicular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2128
refers to a subdivision of the cerebellum based on connectivity. It includes the dentate nucleus and the most lateral portions of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and posterior lobe of the cerebellum with which the nucleus is reciprocally connected ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors use the term to refer only to the cortical component of the circuit. See Anthoney-1994 for a discussion of differences in the use of this term.
laterale Kleinhirnzone
zona emisferica
lateral zone of cerebellum
zona longitudinale laterale
zona lateral
lateral zone of the cerebellum
laterale Zone (Kleinhirn)
zone laterale
zona hemisférica lateral
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2129
refers to a subdivision of the cerebellum based on connectivity. It includes the globose nucleus, the emboliform nucleus and medial portions of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and posterior lobe of the cerebellum with which they exchange projections ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors use the term and its synonyms to refer only to the paravermal cortex, the cortical component of the circuit. See Anthoney-1994 for a discussion of differences in the use of this term.
paravermal zone of the cerebellum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2130
refers to a composite structure that represents an alternate mode of subdividing the hypothalamus. Including portions of the intermediate hypothalamic region and the posterior hypothalamic region, it consists primarily of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the posterior hypothalamic area ( Carpenter-1983 ).
tuberal region
regione tuberale
regione media
tuberal level of hypothalamus
tuberal region of hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2131
refers to fibers that project from the CA fields to the hypothalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
medial corticohypothalamic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2132
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that consists of the septal nuclei, the subcallosal area, the paraterminal gyrus and the nucleus accumbens ( Carpenter-1983 ).
area settale
septal area-2
septal region (Carpenter)
regione settale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2133
refers to fibers that project from the cerebral cortex to nuclear masses in the brainstem and spinal cord. They include corticostriate fibers, corticopontine fibers, corticobulbar fibers and fibers of the corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1991 )
corticofugal fibers
fibras corticófugas
fibre corticofughe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2134
refers to two pathways from the amygdala to the hypothalamus, the stria terminalis and the the ventral amygdalofugal projection ( Carpenter-1991 ).
amygdalohypothalamic fibers
amygdalo-hypothalamic fibers
fibras amigdalohipotalámicas
fibre amigdaloipotalamiche
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2135
refers to a fiber pathway connecting the striatum with the substantia nigra, particularly with the pars reticulata thereof. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1991 ).
striatonigrale Fasern
fibre striatonigrali
striatonigral pathway
fascículo estriadonigro
striatonigral fibers
fibras estriadonigras
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2136
refers to a fiber pathway projecting from the striatum to the globus pallidus, both the lateral globus pallidus and the medial globus pallidus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1991 ).
pencils of Wilson
fascículo estriadopálido
pencil fibres of Wilson
striatopallidal fibers
fibre striatopallidali
fibras estriadopálidas
Wilson's pencils
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2137
refers to a fiber pathway from the amygdala to the striatum that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1991 ).
fibras amigdaloestriadas
amygdalostriate fibers
fibre amigdalostriate
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2138
refers to the thin layer of gray substance that caps the horn of the posterior gray column of the spinal central gray and wraps around its margins. Defined by cytoarchitecture it is most prominent in the lumbar enlargement. It is bounded externally by the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord and internally by lamina II of the posterior gray column ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
apex of the posterior horn of the spinal cord
lamina I
Apex cornus dorsalis
lámina I
lamina marginalis
marginal zone of the spinal cord
posteromarginal nucleus
Rexed's lamina I
marginal nucleus
Lamina spinalis I
núcleo posteromarginal
marginal nucleus of spinal cord
lamina I
apex cornus posterioris medullae spinalis
Nucleus marginalis
Zona spongiosa
nukleus posteromarginal
nucleo posteromarginale
Nucleus posteromarginalis
Zona marginalis
Lamina 1
die Zonalschicht
apex cornus dorsalis medullae spinalis
Apex cornus posterioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2139
is variously identified with the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ), with the lateral mammillary nucleus ( Olszewski-1952, Riley-1943, Crosby-1962 ), or with the tuberomammillary nucleus ( Saper-1990 ).
Nucleus intercalatus (Le Gros Clark)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2140
refers to clusters of neurons in the hypothalamus. They are located lateral to the fornix near the boundary of the hypophysis and the posterior hypothalamic region ( Crosby-1962 ) and may represent an extension or subdivision of the tuberomammillary nucleus ( Saper-1990 ).
mammillo-infundibular nuclei
mammillo-infundibular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2141
refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter at the junction of the corpus callosum, the lateral ventricle and the caudate nucleus. It contains connections between the occipital lobe and the frontal lobe ( Crosby-1962 ) and between areas of the cerebral cortex and the striatum ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections.
superior fronto-occipital bundle
subcallosal bundle
superior occipito-frontal fascicle
superior fronto-occipital fasciculus
superior occipitofrontal fasciculus
fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior
Fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior
Fasciculus occipito-frontalis superior
subcallosal fasciculus
Fasciculus subcallosus
Stratum subcallosum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2142
refers to a composite structure that consists of all substructures of the hypothalamus located rostral to the postcommissural fornix ( Crosby-1962 ).
prothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2143
refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex based on an alternate mode of grouping the lobes and lobules thereof ( Crosby-1962 ).
middle lobe of Elliot Smith
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2144
refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex based on an alternate mode of grouping the lobes and lobules thereof ( Crosby-1962 ).
middle lobe of Ingvar
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2145
refers to a composite substructure of the inferior colliculus that includes the medial medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus and the lateral medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus ( Crosby-1962 ).
capsule of the inferior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2146
refers to the medial portion of the capsule of the inferior colliculus ( Crosby-1962 ).
medial medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus
Lamina medullaris medialis of inferior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2147
refers to the lateral portion of of the capsule of the inferior colliculus ( Crosby-1962 ).
lateral medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus
Lamina medullaris lateralis of inferior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2148
refers to a group of small neurons that is located between the medial lemniscus and the brachium of the inferior colliculus in the rostral portion of the tectum of the midbrain ( Crosby-1962 ).
paralemniscal gray
Nucleus paralemniscalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2149
represents an area in the dorsal portion of the amygdala that includes part of the lateral amygdalar nucleus and some adjacent areas ( Kusama-1970 ).
Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2150
refers to a part of the lateral mammillary nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus intercalatus (Rose)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2151
refers to a substructure of the paraterminal gyrus. It is the portion that lies immediately adjacent to the lamina terminalis. The remainder of the paraterminal gyrus is the subcallosal gyrus (Crosby), the portion adjacent to the rostrum of the corpus callosum ( Crosby-1962 ).
posterior parolfactory gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2152
refers to a convolution in the subcallosal area of cerebral cortex rostral to the lamina terminalis; it is located between the paraterminal gyrus and the anterior parolfactory sulcus ( Crosby-1962 ).
anterior parolfactory gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2153
refers to the medial longitudinal stria and the lateral longitudinal stria, two thin bands of myelinated fibers embedded in the supracallosal gyrus ( Crosby-1962; Carpenter-1983 ).
longitudinal striae
estrías longitudinales
strie longitudinali (induseum griseum)
white striae of Lancisi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2154
is a myeloarchitectural term that refers to the outer band of Baillarger and the inner band of Baillarger, myelinated fibers in the internal granular layer (layer IV) and internal pyramidal layer (layer V) respectively, of cerebral cortex. In the area 17 of Brodmann (human), the outer band of Baillarger is enlarged and is called the band of Gennari ( Crosby-1962, Carpenter-1983 ).
stripes of Baillarger
bande di Baillarger
bandas de Baillarger
bands of Baillarger
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2155
refers to a region of the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is defined on the basis of function ( Crosby-1962 ).
temporal vestibular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2157
refers to the fissure in the cerebellum of the rodent between the parts of the hemisphere of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum that correspond to the cerebellar tonsil and the biventer lobule in the human ( Larsell-1972 ).
intraparafloccular fissure
Fissura praepyramidalis cerebelli
prepyramidal fissure (Crosby)
Fissura retrotonsillaris
Fissura intraparafloccularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2158
refers to the transitional zone between the caudate nucleus and the putamen. As defined in the primate, it includes the nucleus accumbens between the rostral portions of those structures ( Heimer-1995 ). The striatal fundus (rodent) is defined to be considerably less extensive ( Swanson-2004 ).
fundus striati (primate)
fundus striati
caudate fundus region
Fundus striati
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2159
refers to a part of the pars reticulata of substantia nigra. It is the lateral, 'most fibrous' part ( Poirier-1983 ), which is regarded to be the phylogenetically oldest part of the substantia nigra and the only part found in nonmammalian vertebrates ( Crosby-1962 ).
pars lateralis of the substantia nigra
substantia nigra, lateral part
pars reticulata, subnucleus lateralis
Substantia nigra, pars lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2160
refers to a group of nerve cells in the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).
Nucleus alaris (Olszewski)
Nucleus anteroinferior (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2161
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus parataenialis interstitialis (Hassler) constitute the paratenial nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus parataenialis parvocellularis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2162
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus parataenialis parvocellularis (Hassler) constitute the paratenial nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus parataenialis interstitialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2163
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the central lateral nucleus, the paracentral nucleus and a portion of the densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus. It has four subdivisions: the Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler), the intralamellar thalamic nuclei, the Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler) and the Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2164
refers to a substructure of the thalamus that includes parts of the central lateral nucleus and the paracentral nucleus. It, the intralamellar thalamic nuclei, the Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler) and the Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2165
refers to a substructure of the thalamus that is part of the central lateral nucleus. It, the Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler), the Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler) and the Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nuclei intralamellares thalami
intralamellar thalamic nuclei
Nucleus intralamellaris ventralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2166
refers to a substructure of the thalamus that is part of the central lateral nucleus. It, the Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler), the intralamellar thalamic nuclei and the Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2167
refers to a substructure of the thalamus that is part of the densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus. It, the Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler), the intralamellar thalamic nuclei and the Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2168
refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus centralis thalami, magnocellularis (Hassler) constitute the centromedian nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus centralis thalami, parvocellularis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2169
refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus centralis thalami, parvocellularis (Hassler) constitute the centromedian nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus centralis thalami, magnocellularis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2170
refers to a group of cells in the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus anteroreuniens (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2171
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the limitans nucleus, the posterior nucleus of the thalamus, the suprageniculate nucleus and part of the central lateral nucleus. It has three subdivisions: the limitans nucleus, the Nucleus limitans medialis (Hassler), and the Nucleus limitans portae (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus limitans (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2172
refers to a part of the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus that is located posterior to the medial dorsal nucleus. It, the limitans nucleus and the Nucleus limitans portae (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus limitans (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus limitans medialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2173
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the suprageniculate nucleus and the posterior nucleus of the thalamus. It, the limitans nucleus and the Nucleus limitans medialis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus limitans (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus limitans portae (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2174
refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis densocellularis, the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami, the Nucleus centralis superior thalami, and the Nucleus centralis intermedialis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus centralis latocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2175
refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis densocellularis, the Nucleus centralis latocellularis, the Nucleus centralis superior thalami, and the Nucleus centralis intermedialis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus centralis inferior thalami
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2176
refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis densocellularis, the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami, the Nucleus centralis superior thalami, and the Nucleus centralis latocellularis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus ( Jones-1990 )
Nucleus centralis intermedius thalami
Nucleus centralis intermedialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2177
refers to a composite substructure of the rostral intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. It includes the central dorsal nucleus and the most dorsal portion of the central medial nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
dorsomedial central lateral nucleus
Nucleus cucullaris (Hassler)
Nucleus cucullaris thalami
nucleus cucullaris of thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2178
refers to a substructure of the central medial nucleus of the thalamus. It consists of all except the most dorsal portion of the central medial nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).
central medial nucleus (Jones)
Nucleus commissuralis thalami
commissural nucleus of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2179
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes parts of the lateral dorsal nucleus, the lateral posterior nucleus and the medial pulvinar nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).
superficial pulvinar nucleus
Nucleus pulvinaris superficialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2180
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes most of the medial pulvinar nucleus. It has four subdivisions: the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2181
refers to a substructure of the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2182
refers to a substructure of the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2183
refers to a substructure of the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2184
? , nrefers to a substructure of the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2185
refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It, the intergeniculate pulvinar and the Nucleus pulvinaris suprabrachialis (Hassler) constitute the inferior pulvinar nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris ventralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2186
refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris ventralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris suprabrachialis (Hassler) constitute the inferior pulvinar nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).
intergeniculate pulvinar
Nucleus pulvinaris intergeniculatus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2187
refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It, the intergeniculate pulvinar and the Nucleus pulvinaris ventralis (Hassler) constitute the inferior pulvinar nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris suprabrachialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2188
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes most of the lateral posterior nucleus and dorsal parts of the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It has three subdivisions: the Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler), and the Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2189
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes parts of the lateral posterior nucleus and of the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler), and the Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2190
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes parts of the lateral posterior nucleus and of the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler), and the Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2191
refers to a substructure of the thalamus located in the dorsal part of the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler), and the Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2192
refers to one of two cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the pregeniculate nucleus. The other is Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars oralis ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus praegeniculatus fibrosus (Hassler)
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars caudalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2193
refers to one of two cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the pregeniculate nucleus. The other is Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars caudalis ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars oralis
Nucleus praegeniculatus griseus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2194
refers to one of three subdivisions of the lateral habenular nucleus. The other two are the Nucleus habenularis lateralis interstitialis (Hassler) and the Nucleus habenularis lateralis mixtocellularis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus habenularis lateralis, pars magnocellularis
Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2195
refers to one of three subdivisions of the lateral habenular nucleus. The other two are the Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler) and the Nucleus habenularis lateralis mixtocellularis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus habenularis lateralis interstitialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2196
refers to one of three subdivisions of the lateral habenular nucleus. The other two are the Nucleus habenularis lateralis interstitialis (Hassler) and the Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus habenularis lateralis mixtocellularis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2197
refers to one of two cytoarchitecturally defined subdivisions of the lateral habenular nucleus of the epithalamus. The other is the Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus habenularis lateralis, pars parvocellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2198
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the medial geniculate body and the Nucleus geniculatus medialis limitans (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus geniculatus medialis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2199
refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It and the medial geniculate body constitute the Nucleus geniculatus medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus geniculatus medialis limitans (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2200
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body and the dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body ( Crosby-1962 ).
Nucleus geniculatus medialis, pars parvocellularis
medial geniculate nucleus, parvocellular portion
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2201
refers to one of three subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The others are the Nucleus paramedianus principalis (Hassler) and the Nucleus paramedianus caudalis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus paramedianus oralis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2202
refers to one of three subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The others are the Nucleus paramedianus principalis (Hassler) and the Nucleus paramedianus oralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus paramedianus caudalis (Hassler)
Nucleus paraventricularis caudalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2203
refers to one of three subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The others are the Nucleus paramedianus oralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus paramedianus caudalis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).
Nucleus paramedianus principalis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2204
refers to a pathway containing fibers from midbrain nuclei that project to the inferior olivary complex, as well as fibers originating in the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation that project to several nuclei of the thalamus. It is a composite structure consisting of the central tegmental tract of the midbrain and the central tegmental tract of the pons ( Carpenter-1983 ).
serabut retikuloretikular
tractus tegmentalis centralis
Fasciculus tegmentalis centralis
zentrale Haubenbahn
central tegmental fasciculus
fasikel tegmental sentral
central tegmental bundle
fasciculus tegmental sentral
Tractus tegmenti centralis
Tractus tegmentalis centralis
central tegmental tract
traktus tegmental sentral
центральный покрышечный путь
thalamo-olivary tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2205
refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus. It includes the magnocellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus and the medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus (Macchi, personal communication).
Nucleus ventralis oralis, pars medialis (Dewulf)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2206
refers to a composite substructure of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus. It includes the anterior ventral lateral nucleus, area X and the posterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Walker-1938 ).
Nucleus ventralis lateralis (Walker)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2207
refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and motor function. It includes area X, the posterior ventral lateral nucleus, the pars postrema of the ventral lateral nucleus, and the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
ventral lateral nucleus (Ilinsky)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2208
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus lateropolaris (Hassler) constitute the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus. It is itself composed of two subdivisions: Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler) and Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler) ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus dorsalis (Hassler)
Nucleus lateralis rostralis situs polaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2209
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler) constitute the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2210
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus lateropolaris (Hassler) constitute the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2211
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler) constitute the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus lateralis oralis situs dorsalis
Nucleus lateropolaris (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2212
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsointermedius internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsointermedius superior (Hassler) constitute the posterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus dorsointermedius externus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2213
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsointermedius externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsointermedius superior (Hassler) constitute the posterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ) .
Nucleus dorsointermedius internus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2214
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsointermedius internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsointermedius externus (Hassler) constitute the posterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus dorsointermedius superior (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2215
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler), the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler) constitute the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2216
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler), the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler) constitute the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2217
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler), the Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler) constitute the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2218
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler), the Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler) constitute the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2219
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior externus (Hassler) constitute the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis internus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2220
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior externus (Hassler) constitute the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis externus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2221
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis externus (Hassler) constitute the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior externus (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2222
refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It includes the ventral anterior nucleus, the ventral lateral nucleus and the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus. It consists of three regions: the anterolateral region of the motor thalamus, the anteromedial region of the motor thalamus and the posterior region of the motor thalamus ( Macchi-1997 ). The nomenclature of this region is extremely confusing, partly because of the number of anatomists who have independently segmented and named substructures according to different criteria and partly because reports from clinical studies in humans and neurophysiological studies in macaques use quite different nomenclatures. See Macchi-1997 and Krack-2002 for comprehensive treatment of these issues
motor thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2223
refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It includes the ventral anterior nucleus and the medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus which receive projections primarily from the substantia nigra. It, the anteromedial region of the motor thalamus and the posterior region of the motor thalamus constitute the motor thalamus ( Macchi-1997 ).
anterolateral region of the motor thalamus
anterolateral region of motor thalamus
substantia nigral channel of motor thalamus
anterior region of motor thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2224
refers to a substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It corresponds to the anterior ventral lateral nucleus, which receives a projection primarily from the globus pallidus. It, the anterolateral region of the motor thalamus and the posterior region of the motor thalamus constitute the motor thalamus ( Macchi-1997 ).
middle region of motor thalamus
anteromedial region of the motor thalamus
pallidal channel of motor nucleus
anteromedial region of motor thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2225
refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It includes area X, the posterior ventral lateral nucleus, the pars postrema of the ventral lateral nucleus and the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus, which receive projections primarily from the cerebellum. It, the anterolateral region of the motor thalamus and the anteromedial region of the motor thalamus constitute the motor thalamus ( Macchi-1997 ).
posterior region of motor thalamus
cerebellar channel of motor thalamus
posterior region of the motor thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2226
refers to one of two subdivisions of the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus based on connectivity. The other subdivision is the posterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus ( Hirai-1989 ).
ventral posterior lateral nucleus, anterior division
ventral posterior lateral nucleus, anterior part
anterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2227
refers to one of two subdivisions of the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus based on connectivity. The other subdivision is the anterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus ( Hirai-1989 ).
Nucleus ventrocaudalis posterior externus (Hassler)
ventral posterior lateral nucleus, posterior divison
posterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2228
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the ventrolateral posterior nucleus constitute the anterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).
Nucleus ventrooralis anterior (Hassler)
ventrolateral anterior nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2229
refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the ventrolateral anterior nucleus constitute the anterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).
ventrolateral posterior nucleus
Nucleus ventrooralis posterior (Hassler)
Nucleus ventro-oralis posterior (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2230
refers to a substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It corresponds to the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus, which receives input from the medial lemniscus. The anterodorsal portion of this region receives primarily proprioceptive afferents. The central portion receives primarily cutaneous afferents ( Macchi-1997 ).
nonmotor region of ventral nuclear group
nonmotor region of the ventral nuclear group
lemniscal channel
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2231
refers to the portion of the hippocampal fissure that lies ventral to the uncus, i.e., to the portion of the CA fields that folds back upon itself at its rostral extreme ( Mai-1997 ).
борозда крючка гиппокампа
Sulcus unci
uncal sulcus
sulcus unci hippocampi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2232
refers to a peripheral subdivision of the oculomotor nerve. It is not part of the brain ( Mai-1997 ).
oculomotor nerve (inferior branch)
oculomotor nerve, inferior ramus
Nervus oculomotorius, radix inferior
Nervus oculomotorius, ramus inferior
inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve
inferior division of the oculomotor nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2233
refers to a cell group in the midline nuclear group of the thalamus ( Mai-1997 ).
subhabenular nucleus
Nucleus subhabenularis (Hassler)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2234
refers to narrow bands and islands of cells that are embedded in the internal capsule between the caudate nucleus and the putamen in the human ( Mai-1997 ). See also cell bridges of the ventral striatum.
striatal cell bridges
Pontes striatales
pontes grisei caudatolenticulaires
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2235
refers to a cell group located predominantly in the substantia innominata along the ventral border of the putamen ( Mai-1997 ).
substriatal terminal island
Insula terminalis substriatalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2236
refers to a cell group in the olfactory tubercle ( Mai-1997 ).
Insula terminalis tubercularis
tubercular terminal islands
tubercular terminal island(s)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2237
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area along the lateral boundary of the amygdala with the ventral part of the putamen ( Mai-1997 )
amygdalostriate transition area
Area transitoria amygdalo-striatalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2241
refers to a narrow part of the globus pallidus that is located between the internal capsule and the head of the caudate nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).
supracapsular part of the globus pallidus
Globus pallidus, pars supracapsularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2242
refers to a cell group embedded in the internal capsule near its ventromedial boundary with the head of the caudate nucleus. It is seen in coronal section at about the anterior-posterior level of the septal nuclei ( Mai-1997 ).
Insula terminalis subcaudata
subcaudate terminal island
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2243
refers to a collection of nerve cells located lateral to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus at about the anterior-posterior level of the anterior commissure ( Mai-1997 ).
Nucleus intermedius hypothalami
sexual dimorphic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2244
refers to a narrow horizontal band of fibers in the substantia innominata ( Mai-1997 ).
Stria sublenticularis
sublenticular stria
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2245
refers to a bundle of fibers in the forebrain that connects the globus pallidus and the hypothalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).
Fibrae pallidohypothalamicae
Tractus pallido-hypothalamicus
X-bundle
Fasciculus pallido-hypothalamicus
pallidohypothalamic fasciculus
pallidohypothalamic fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2246
refers to white matter located in the roof of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle between the tail of the caudate nucleus and stria terminalis ( Mai-1997 ).
peduncle of the lenticular nucleus
pédoncule du noyau lenticulaire
Pedunculus nuclei lentiformis
peduncle of lentiform nucleus
Pedunculus lentiformis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2247
refers to a composite structure of the cerebral cortex that consists of the lingual gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus. Semantic and factual conflicts regarding the structure and nomenclature of this and adjacent structures are discussed in Anthoney-1994.
Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis
Gyrus occipito-temporalis medialis
gyrus occipitotemporal médial
medial occipitotemporal gyrus (Mai)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2248
refers to a subdivision of the extended amygdala. It is located in a portion of the nucleus of stria terminalis, which in the human extends into the substantia innominata ventral to the globus pallidus toward the rostral amygdala ( Mai-1997 ).
amygdalar island
Insula amygdaloidea
amygdaloid island
amygdaloid islands
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2249
refers to a group of cells at the posteromedial boundary of the thalamus with the pretectal region in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is one of four components of the lateral group of the dorsal thalamus in the polymodal association thalamus of the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears) below).
posterior limitans nucleus of the thalamus
posterior limitans thalamic nucleus
posterior limiting nucleus of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2250
refers to a structure in the vicinity of the diagonal band and the subcallosal area ( Mai-1997 ).
Archicortex praecommissuralis
precommissural archicortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2251
refers to a depression in the entorhinal area that marks the ventral boundary of the uncus ( Mai-1997 ).
Incisura impressio unci
uncal notch
uncal notch (Duvernoy)
Incisura unci
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2252
refers to a substructure of the hypothalamus that surrounds the postcommissural fornix. It is part of the intermediate hypothalamic region medially and of the lateral hypothalamic area laterally ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Nucleus parafornicalis
parafornical nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2253
refers to a cell group located ventral to the parafascicular nucleus in the thalamus. Identified by internal structure, it is present in the human ( Mai-1997 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
subparafascicular thalamic nucleus
Nucleus subparafascicularis thalami
subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus
subparafascicular nucleus thalamus
subparafascicular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2254
refers to the most superficial layer of the presubiculum, subiculum and CA fields ( Mai-1997 ).
Stratum medullare superficiale
superficial medullary stratum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2255
refers to a substructure of the human insula. It is located at the rostral extreme of the insula. Overlapping the accessory short gyrus (human) and the anterior accessory gyrus (human), it may be equivalent to those structures ( Mufson-1990; Mufson personal communication ).
falciform fold
pli falciforme
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2256
refers to a small groove variably seen on the anterior inferior surface of the insula of the macaque and the baboon. It has no reliable relation to the internal structure of the insula ( Mufson-1997 ).
orbitoinsular sulcus
orbitoinsular groove
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2257
refers to a sulcus variably seen on the posterior inferior surface of the insula in the Papio ( Mufson-1997 ).
posterior inferior sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2258
refers to one of three parts of the limiting sulcus in the human ( Ture-1999 ). Identified by dissection, it separates the insula from the frontoparietal operculum. The other parts are the inferior limiting sulcus and the anterior limiting sulcus. In the macaque it is one of just two parts; the other is the inferior limiting sulcus. The limiting sulcus is not present in rodents.
superior limb of the circular sulcus
superior limiting sulcus
superior periinsular sulcus
sulcus superior insulae (Reilli)
superior marginal sulcus of the insula
superior peri-insular sulcus
верхняя бороздка островка (Рейля)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2259
refers to one of three parts of the limiting sulcus in the human ( Ture-1999 ). Identified by dissection, it separates the insula from the superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe. The other parts are the superior limiting sulcus and the anterior limiting sulcus. In the macaque it is one of just two parts; the other is the superior limiting sulcus. The limiting sulcus is not present in rodents.
inferior marginal sulcus of the insula
ventral limb of the circular sulcus
posterior marginal sulcus
sulcus inferior insulae (Reilii)
inferior periinsular sulcus
inferior peri-insular sulcus
нижняя бороздка островка (Рейля)
inferior limiting sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2260
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of the human cerebral cortex. Originally, it was described as part of the area 11 of Brodmann (human) but not shown in the cortical map of Brodmann-1909. In a subsequent publication ( Brodmann-1910 ), however, it was labeled as an independent area 12. It occupied the area between the superior rostral sulcus and the inferior rostral sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it was bounded dorsally by area 10 of Brodmann (human) and area 32 of Brodmann (human); caudally, ventrally and rostrally it was bounded by the area 11 of Brodmann (human). Current maps of the human cerebral cortex have incorporated the topological area between the rostral sulci into area 10 ( Ongur-2003 ).
Brodmann's area 12
Feld 12
area 12 of Brodmann (human)
rostral area 12
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2261
refers to the combination of the lateral tuberal nuclei and the tuberomammillary nucleus, both of which are in the lateral hypothalamic area. They are found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). See also: tuberal nucleus.
tuberal nuclei
nukleus-nukleus tuberal
Nuclei tuberales (hypothalami)
серобугорные ядра
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2262
refers to a composite substructure of the forebrain that includes the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis and the entopeduncular nucleus ( Nomina-1983 ).
Area hypothalamica dorsalis
Regio hypothalamica dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2263
refers to a group of nerve cells surrounding the postcommissural fornix in the intermediate hypothalamic region ( Crosby-1962, Paxinos-2001 ). See also: perifornical area.
Nucleus perifornicalis hypothalami
interfornical nucleus
perifornical nucleus
Nucleus perifornicalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2264
refers to a substructure of the ventral tegmental area that is located ventral and lateral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle ( Poirier-1983, Paxinos-2001 ).
Substantia nigra, pars dorsalis
Nucleus parabranchialis pigmentosus
Nucleus parabrachialis pigmentosus
parabrachial pigmented nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2265
refers to one of two branches of the lateral fissure at its posterior end in the human. Its appearance is variable; in about half of cases it is identical to the transverse temporal sulcus. The other branch is the terminal ascending limb of the lateral fissure ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
posterior descending limb of the lateral sulcus
terminal descending limb of sylvian fissure
descending terminal ramus of Sylvian fissure
terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2266
refers to the greater portion of the lateral fissure, which extends caudally from the stem of lateral fissure and from which, in the human, the various rami and limbs of the lateral fissure branch ( Ono-1990 ).
Ramus horizontalis posterior of Sylvian fissure
posterior limb of the lateral sulcus
Ramus posterior sulcus lateralis
posterior ramus of Sylvian fissure
ramus posterior, sulkus lateral
Ramus posterior fissurae sylvii
Sulcus lateralis, ramus posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2267
refers to a branch of the collateral sulcus into the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe. Identified by dissection, it is found in the human ( Ono-1990 ). No equivalent structure is found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
posteromedial terminal branch of collateral sulcus
intralingual ramus of the collateral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2268
refers to the part of the frontal lobe that overlies the rostrodorsal portion of the insula in primates. It is defined by dissection. It is separated from the insula by the anterior two-thirds of the superior limiting sulcus. It is the part of the superior bank of the lateral fissure that extends from the plane of the central sulcus to the rostral end of the insula. In the human it is subdivided into the precentral operculum, the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Mai-2004; Schiebler-1999 ). The frontal operculum together with the parietal operculum constitute the frontoparietal operculum. In the macaque the frontal operculum is the anteroventral part of the precentral gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). It is not present in rodents.
лобная покрышка
opérculo frontal
frontal opercular cortex
frontal operculum
Operculum frontale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2269
refers to the anterior part of the brainstem divided longitudinally. It includes the crus cerebri, the anterior part of the pons, and the pyramid of the medulla. The other parts of the brainstem so divided are the brainstem tegmentum, the ventricular system of the brainstem, and the Tectum (Schiebler) ( Schiebler-1999 ).
anteriorer Anteil
anterior part of the brainstem
vorderer Anteil
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2270
refers to a composite structure of the cerebellum. It includes the gracile lobule and the biventer lobule ( Carpenter-1991 ).
paramedian lobule (Carpenter)
lobulillo paramediano (Carpenter)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2271
refers to a neuronal network defined on the basis of connectivity and functional criteria. Conducting impulses primarily to the spinal cord, it like the ascending reticular activating system has connections with a broad range of brain areas. It largely overlaps the reticular formation of the brainstem ( Schiebler-1999 ).
absteigendes Retikularissystem
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2272
refers to the fissure between the gracile lobule and inferior semilunar lobule of the cerebellum ( Brodal-1981 )
ansoparamedian fissure
Fissura ansoparamediana
Fissura inferior posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2273
refers to the most prominent of the islands of Calleja located medially in the nucleus accumbens ( Alheid-1990 ).
large island of Calleja
insula of Calleja, major
major island of Calleja (olfactory tubercle)
island of Calleja Magna
islands of Calleja, major island
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2274
refers to the part of the entorhinal area defined on the basis of connectivity. It is the rostral portion, which receives a projection from the olfactory bulb. The projection is most evident in the rat and mouse. Much less so in the macaque, and even less in the human ( Price-1990 ).
rostral entorhinal cortex
olfactory entorhinal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2275
refers to a group of structures defined by connectivity, namely, structures that receive axons from the olfactory bulb. They include the anterior olfactory nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the rostral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus (anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala), and structures in the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus, namely, the piriform area, most of the periamygdalar area, and the rostral part of the entorhinal area ( Price-1990 ). Note that some authors have regarded the olfactory bulb itself as the primary olfactory area and the areas to which it projects as secondary ( Anthoney-1994 ).
rhinencephalon
corteccia olfattiva primaria
lateral olfactory area
olfactory cortex
primären Riechrindenregionen
Riechfeld
corteza olfatoria primaria
area olfattiva
primary olfactory areas
primary olfactory cortex
Regio olfactoria
olfactory area
korteks penghidu primer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2277
refers to portions of the human amygdala that are homologous to those areas in other species that receive afferents from the accessory olfactory bulb. They include the caudal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, and the cortical amygdalar nucleus ( Price-1990 ).
accessory olfactory cortical areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2278
refers to nerve fibers long thought to project from the olfactory bulb to midline structures of the endbrain in the human and other primates. It does not appear in brain atlases of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is now regarded as a misnomer, since the structure it represents has been shown not to contain neuronal axons, even in the human ( Price-1990 ). See also: olfactory trigone.
Stria olfactoria medialis
medial olfactory tract
strie olfactive médiale
estrïa olfatoria medial
medial olfactory stria
stria olfattiva mediale
stria olfaktori medial
Tractus olfactorius medialis
медиальная обонятельная полоска
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2279
refers to the cranial space occupied by the flocculus that is continuous with the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle ( Zilles-1990 ).
Cisterna pontocerebellaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2280
refers to the portion of fibers in ansa lenticularis that contribute to the capsule of the subthalamic nucleus. It includes fibers that pass from the subthalamic nucleus through the internal capsule to the globus pallidus ( Carpenter-1983, Riley-1943 ).
fasikulus subtalamik
Fasciculus subthalamicus
fascicolo subtalamico
subthalamic fasciculus
systeme en peigne
fasikel subtalamik
subthalamic fascicle
субталамический пучок
fascículo subtalámico
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2281
refers to fibers once thought to diverge from the ansa lenticularis and pass through field H2 to enter the subthalamic nucleus ( Riley-1943 ).
Fasciculus subthalamicus (Riley)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2282
refers to a set of fascicles of nerve fibers that penetrate the posterior limb of the internal capsule and crus cerebri approximately at the junction of those structures. They course horizontally to connect the globus pallidus with the substantia nigra and other mesencephalic and diencephalic structures ( Riley-1943; Mai-1997 ).
Edinger's comb system
comb system
Fibrae perforantes pedunculi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2283
refers to a surface feature of the hippocampal formation at its boundary with the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle ( Riley-1943 ). It appears as "two or three rounded elevations or digitations which give it a paw-like appearance" ( Wikipedia ).
digitationes hippocampi
Pes hippocampi major
Pes hippocampi
ножка гиппокампа
пальцевые возвышения гиппокампа
pes hippokampus`
digitationes cornu Ammonis
пальцевидные образования гиппокампа
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2284
in human neuroanatomy refers to a portion of the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis described variously as located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule ( Riley-1943 ), along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle ( Crosby-1962 ), or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial segment of the globus pallidus ( Nomina-1983 ).
entopeduncular nucleus
внутриножковое ядро
Nucleus entopeduncularis
Nucleus endopeduncularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2285
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that consists of the septal nuclei and the nucleus accumbens ( Riley-1943 ).
septal region (Riley)
stylus of septum pellucidum
Regio septalis
Area septalis
Stylus septi pellucidi
Stylus septi
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2286
refers to an internal structure of the brain that appears triangular in coronal sections. Located lateral to the pulvinar and dorsolateral to the lateral geniculate body in the internal capsule ( Carpenter-1991 ), it is composed of fibers that contribute to the geniculocalcarine radiation ( Riley-1943 ).
zona di Wernicke
Zona lateralis
zone of Wernicke
Area triangularis (Wernicke)
triangular area of Wernicke
field of Wernicke
triangular area (Wernicke)
zona de Wernicke
Wernicke's zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2287
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the monkey (Macaca mulatta] based on cytoarchitecture. It consists of those parts of area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) located in the precentral gyrus ventral to the termination of the central sulcus. The cortex there is difficult to identify with either area 1 or area 2 exclusively, but "it is easy to recognize its similarity to both" ( Roberts-1963 ). The external granular layer 2 and internal granular layer 4 contain a rich population of granular cells; the external pyramidal layer 3 and internal pyramidal layer 5 are narrow and lack large pyramidal cells; the cells in layer 3 show a size gradient from small to medium as one proceeds from more superficial to deeper levels. The boundary of the multiform layer 6 with the subcortical white is distinct ( Roberts-1963 ).
area 1-2 of Roberts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2288
refers to a composite structure of the cerebral cortex in the macaque. It includes three principal subdivisions defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture: area OFO of Roberts, area PrCO of Roberts and the postcentral opercular areas ( Roberts-1963 ).
opercular region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2289
refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the monkey (Macaca) based on cytoarchitecture. Located in the ventral portion of the supramarginal gyrus and postcentral gyrus, particularly in the dorsal bank of the lateral fissure, it was regarded by Roberts and Akert as corresponding to the area defined electrophysiologically by Woolsey and Fairman in 1946 as the area SII of Woolsey. The cortex is relatively thick; the external granular layer (II) and internal pyramidal layer (V) form dark bands due high cell density; the external pyramidal layer (III) is more differentiated than in rostral parts of the postcentral gyrus and shows a gradient of cell sizes from smaller to larger going from superficial to deeper levels; the internal granular layer (IV) is visible but not well developed; the internal pyramidal layer (V) contains small and medium sized cells and no giant pyramidal cells; the multiform layer (VI) has two distinct sublayers but a less distinct boundary with the subcortical white matter ( Roberts-1963 ).
area SSII of Roberts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2290
refers to one of three zones of the hypothalamus when it is subdivided by planes parallel to the midline. The others are the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus and the medial zone of the hypothalamus. The lateral zone includes the lateral preoptic area and the lateral hypothalamic area ( Saper-1990 ). See also lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus.
lateral zone of the hypothalamus
zona lateral
hypothalamic lateral zone
lateral zone of hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2291
refers to one of three zones of the hypothalamus when it is subdivided by planes parallel to the midline. The others are the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus and the lateral zone of the hypothalamus. The medial zone lies between the other two. It includes the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the supraoptic nucleus, the medial preoptic nucleus, the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus, the retrochiasmatic area, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the supramammillary nucleus, the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus, the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus and the lateral mammillary nucleus ( Saper-1990 ).
intermediate zone of hypothalamus
medial zone of the hypothalamus
zone medial
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2292
refers to one of three zones of the hypothalamus when it is subdivided by planes parallel to the midline. The others are the medial zone of the hypothalamus and the lateral zone of the hypothalamus. The periventricular zone is the closest to the midline and includes the median preoptic nucleus, the preoptic periventricular nucleus, the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, the organum vasculosum, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the intermediate periventricular nucleus, the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, the neurohypophysis, the posterior periventricular nucleus and the posterior hypothalamic area. Some authors include the subfornical organ in this zone ( Crosby-1962, Saper-1990 ). See also the functionally defined hypothalamic periventricular region.
zona periventrikel
periventricular hypothalamic zone
periventricular gray of the hypothalamus
periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
Griseum periventriculare hypothalami
periventricular gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2294
refers to collections of cells located between the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the anterior hypothalamic region. Some authors include the intermediate nucleus of the preoptic area in this category ( Saper-1990 ).
accessory neurosecretory nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2295
refers to a sulcus in the human parietal lobe that branches dorsally from the intraparietal sulcus ( Savel'ev-1996 )
sillon pariétal transverse
поперечная теменная бороздка
transverse parietal sulcus
sulcus parietalis transversus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2296
refers to the anterior portion of the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum that extends laterally from the middle cerebellar peduncle ( Savel'ev-1996 ).
fissura transversa cerebelli
поперечная щель мозжечка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2297
refers to a cortical area on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It occupies the piriform area and most of the entorhinal area furthest from the hippocampal formation ( Shantha-1968 ).
Cortex piriformis (Shantha)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2298
is Latin for "goose's foot", the shape of which simulates that of the fornix and the hippocampal formation. For an imaginative photographic illustration, see ( Shaw-1997 ).
Gänsefuß
Pes anserinus
goose's foot
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2299
is Latin for 'horn of ammon', which "refers to the Egyptian mythology in which Ammon (Amen or Amun) was the sun god, the father of gods, the god of reproductive forces. He was depicted as having a ram's head with spirally curved horns." Anatomically the horn of Ammon consists of the fornix and the hippocampal formation. For more historic detail and an imaginative photographic illustration, see ( Shaw-1997 ).
Ammon's horn (Shaw)
Cornu Ammonis (Shaw)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2300
represents a subdivision of the superior medullary velum ( Crosby-1962 ), a narrow strip of white matter running along the upper surface to the quadrigeminal plate ( Stedman-1982 ).
frenulum of superior medullary vellum
frenulum veli medullare anterioris
Frenulum veli medullaris rostralis
уздечка переднего мозгового паруса
frenulum
Frenulum cerebelli
Frenulum veli medullaris superioris
уздечка верхнего мозгового паруса
cerebellar frenulum
Frenulum veli medullaris superius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2301
refers to a composite substructure of the allocortex; it consists of the paleocortex and the archicortex ( Stephan-1975 ).
Allocortex primitivus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2302
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined transition zone between archicortex and neocortex. It is one of two components of periallocortex; the other is peripaleocortex. Periarchicortex includes the presubiculum, the parasubiculum, the entorhinal area, the perirhinal area, the retrosplenial area, the periarchicortical cingulate areas and the posterior part of the subcallosal area ( Stephan-1970, Stephan-1975 ).
Periarchicortex
periarchicortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2303
refers to a subdivision of Periarchicortex that includes the entorhinal area, the perirhinal area 35, the presubiculum and the parasubicular area ( Stephan-1975 ).
Schizocortex (Rose)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2304
refers to a transitional zone between the presubiculum and the entorhinal area located rostrally in the parahippocampal gyrus of the human ( Zilles-1990 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is located between the same two areas but on the ventromedial aspect of the cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, it is more similar to the presubiculum than to the entorhinal area ( Zilles-1990 ).
Regio parasubicularis
parasubiculum
Area 49 Brodmann
parasubicular area
Brodmann's area 49
Parasubiculum
Area parasubicularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2305
refers to all components of paleocortex except the piriform area, which is different in origin phylogenetically and ontogenetically ( Stephan-1975 ).
Palaeocortex I
semicortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2306
refers to a subdivision of allocortex that consists of the olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb ( Stephan-1975 ).
Allocortex bulbi olfactorii
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2307
refers to a composite substructure of archicortex consisting of the subiculum, the CA fields and the dentate gyrus ( Stephan-1975 ).
Ammonshorn
Hippocampus retrocommissuralis
retrocommissural hippocampus
Hippocampus im engeren Sinn
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2308
represents a type of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The now obsolete definition differed from the definition that has become accepted since Stephan proposed it in the 1970s ( Stephan-1975: Zilles-1990; Paxinos-2004 ). Unlike the new definition, the old definition did not include the olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb as paleocortical structures. For the current definition see paleocortex.
Palaeokortex
древняя кора
палеокортекс
paleocortex (obsolete)
paleokorteks
Paleocortex
palaeocorticale Hirnrinde
Paläokortex
paleocorticaler Hirnrinde
paleocortex
Palaeocortex
paleopallium
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2309
refers to the cortical surface that overlies a portion of the medial septal nucleus ( Stephan-1975 ).
Regio periseptalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2310
refers to the cortical surface that overlies the nucleus of the diagonal band ( Stephan-1975 ).
Regio diagonalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2311
refers to one of two types of neocortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The other is true isocortex. Proisocortex is transitional between true isocortex and periallocortex. It is found in portions of the cingulate gyrus, the insula, the parahippocampal gyrus, and the subcallosal area ( Stephan-1975; Zilles-1990 ). See dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) and retrosplenial dysgranular area ( Mesulam-1984 ).
intermediate belt
proisocortical belt
periisocortical belt
iuxtallocorteccia
Proisocortex
juxtallocortex
proisocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2312
refers to a group of structures defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture as parts of periarchicortex. It is a transition zone between archicortex and neocortex that is composed of area 33 of Brodmann and area 25 of Brodmann (human) ( Stephan-1975 ).
Regio cingularis periarchicorticalis
periarchicortical cingulate areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2313
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus that borders the supracallosal gyrus ( Stephan-1975 ).
area infraradiata ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2314
refers to one of two types of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and fetal development. The other is allocortex. Neocortical areas pass through a six-layered stage in the third semester of gestation. Most retain six layers into adulthood and are called homotypic cortex. A few undergo modification to more or less than six layers and are called heterotypic cortex. Starting from the cortical surface the basic layers are: molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. Also known as 'isocortex', the neocortex is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the human it constitutes 96% of the surface area of the cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ),
neopallial cortex
korteks homogenetik
neopallio
homogenetic cortex
neopallium
corteccia omogenetica
isocortex
cerebral neocortex
substantia corticalis
корковое вещество
новая кора (серое вещество)
neocorteza
Isocortex (sensu lato)
Neocortex
isokorteks
neopallium
Cortex completus
neokorteks
neocorteccia
corteza homogenética
neocortex
isocorteccia
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315
refers to one of three types of allocortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The others are paleocortex and archicortex. Periallocortex is a transition zone between the proisocortex of neocortex and allocortex. It has two components: peripaleocortex and periarchicortex, which represent the transition zones of paleocortex and archicortex respectively ( Stephan-1976 ).
periallocortex
Periallocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2316
is a subdivision of the cerebral cortex based on cytoarchitecture that includes the entorhinal area and the perirhinal area 35 ( Stephan-1976 ).
Regio entorhinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2317
is a subdivision of the cerebral cortex based on cytoarchitecture that includes the presubiculum and the parasubiculum ( Stephan-1976 ).
Regio praesubicularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2318
refers to a composite structure that includes the fasciculus retroflexus of the interbrain and the fasciculus retroflexus of the midbrain ( NeuroNames ).
fasciculus retroflexus
Fasciculus retroflexus
habenulointerpeduncular tract
fasciculus retroflexus (Meynert)
fasciculus retroflexus
fascicolo retroflesso
Tractus habenulointercruralis
Tractus habenulo-intercruralis
Tractus retroflexus (Meynert)
Tractus habenulo-interpeduncularis
habenulopeduncular tract
Fasciculus habenulo-interpeduncularis
tractus habenulointerpeduncularis
habenulointerpeduncular fasciculus
habenulo-interpeduncular tract
Fasciculus retroflexus (of Meynert)
поводково-межножковый путь
fascículo retrorreflejo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2319
refers to a group of neurons in the medulla at the caudal end of the nucleus ambiguus, from which the cranial part of the accessory nerve originates ( Crosby-1962 ).
retroambiguus nucleus
nucleus retroambigualis
Nucleus retroambigualis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2321
refers to one of three components of the limiting sulcus identified by dissection in the human; it partially separates the insula from the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe. The two other parts are the superior limiting sulcus and the inferior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque where the anterior insula is continuous with the orbital gyri ( Mesulam-1984 ). The limiting sulcus is not present in rodents.
anterior marginal sulcus of the insula
anterior periinsular sulcus
sulcus anterior insulae (Reili)
передняя бороздка островка (Рейля)
anterior limiting sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2322
refers, in the human, to a fiber bundle that is variably present along the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere in instances where the corpus callosum is absent ( Crosby-1962 ). In the mouse it refers to a fiber bundle found in the reticular formation of the brainstem near the boundary between the medulla and the pons ( Paxinos-2001 ).
bundle of Probst
Probst's bundle
Probst bundle
longitudinal callosal fascicle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2323
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. A narrow transition zone between area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon) and area 10 of Walker, it has a "narrow but definite" internal granular layer (IV); the internal pyramidal layer (V) and multiform layer (VI) are narrow and undifferentiated as in area 24 of Brodmann. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I), external granular layer (II) and external pyramidal layer (III) are similar to area 46 of Walker, but layer IV is thinner. Walker did not comment on the cytoarchitectonic homologue of this area in the human. It is topologically similar to area 32 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 25 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2324
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The cortex is relatively thin with a very thick first, molecular layer, i.e., "at least a third of the thickness of the entire cortex." The thickness of the second layer is normal; that of the third layer is reduced by about half relative to that of area 10 of Walker; the fourth is faintly visible; and the fifth and sixth layers are "extremely narrow." Walker regarded this area as cytoarchitecturally homologous to a portion of prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909 ( Walker-1940 ).
area 14 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2325
refers to one of two components of area 8 of Walker, a portion of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. Area 8A differs from area 8B of Walker in that 8A has "fairly large pyramidal cells in the fifth layer." Both components have a "faint but definite granular layer." Electrical stimulation of either area elicits eye movements ( Walker-1940 ).
area 8A of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2326
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is distinguished from area 8 of Walker by large pyramidal cells in layers 3 and 5, the "absence of marked striations and its narrowness. In places the cortex… is quite thin, and the large cells of the third layer are at times arranged in clumps." Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be area 45 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 45 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2327
refers to one of two components of area 8 of Walker, a portion of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. Area 8B differs from area 8A of Walker in that 8A has "fairly large pyramidal cells in the fifth layer." Both components have a "faint but definite granular layer." Electrical stimulation of either area elicits eye movements ( Walker-1940 ).
area 8B of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2328
refers to a subdivision of the cingulate gyrus in the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The first layer is of moderate width, the third layer is wide and the fifth and sixth layers are narrow and blended. The cells are irregularly arranged and of medium size, somewhat larger in the inner part of the third layer and outer part of the fifth layer than in other layers. Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be the area 24 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 24 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2329
refers to a part of the dentate gyrus as revealed by dissection. It is the most anterior part of the gyrus where it extends medially and back upon itself ( Williams-1997 ).
tail of the dentate gyrus
bandelette de Giacomini
uncus band of Giacomini
band of Giacomini
Bandeletta Giacomini
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2330
refers to a combination of the fusiform gyrus and the lingual gyrus in Macaca nemestrina ( Winters-1969 ).
Gyrus temporalis occipitalis lateralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2331
refers to anterodorsal areas of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function. It is one of two parts of the motor cortex; the other is the primary motor cortex ( Matelli-2004 ). In the human it is located in caudal parts of the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and in the rostral part of the precentral gyrus not occupied by the primary motor cortex; it is identified with area 6 of Brodmann (human). In the macaque it is located entirely in the precentral gyrus and, dorsally, in the caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus; it also identified with area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). In both it is subdivided into three parts: the mesial premotor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and ventral premotor cortex. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the premotor cortex defined by absence of granular layers is not subdivided. It is the more medial of the two parts of the motor cortex located dorsolaterally in the anterior half of the cerebral cortex; at the frontal pole it occupies the entire dorsal aspect of the cortex; from there it gradually narrows to its caudal extreme, where it occupies a narrow band on the dorsal surface along the midline. The premotor cortex is not ordinarily subdivided in brain atlases of rodents.
promotor cortex
area premotoria
área premotora
intermediate precentral cortex
secondary somatomotor areas
premotor cortex
praemotorischer Kortex
prämotorischer Kortex
nonprimary motor cortex
secondary motor cortex
secondary motor areas
premotor area
korteks pramotor
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2332
refers to anterodorsal areas of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function. The defining structural feature in all species is the absence of granular cell layers; thus, it is also known as agranular cortex ( Wise-1985a, Matelli-2004 ). In the human and the macaque the motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe, primarily in the precentral gyrus and in caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus.
In The rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located dorsolaterally in the anterior half of the cerebral cortex; at the frontal pole it occupies the entire dorsal and lateral aspects of the cortex; from there it gradually narrows to the caudal extreme, where it occupies a narrow band on the dorsal surface along the midline. The motor cortex is composed of two parts: primary motor cortex and premotor cortex. For subcortical structures involved in the control of behavior see subcortical motor system.
motor area
corteccia motoria
somatic motor areas
somatomotor areas
corteza motora
motor cortex
korteks motorik
motorischer Kortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2333
refers to a portion of the superior temporal gyrus of the human. It is located in the temporal bank of the lateral fissure posterior to the transverse temporal gyrus, from which it is separated by a transverse temporal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). The fact that it is larger in the left temporal lobe than the right is thought to relate to the lateralization of speech ( Zilles-1990 ). Constituting a portion of Wernicke's area , it is found in great apes but not in the macaque ( Hopkins-1998b ). And it is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
temporal plane
Planum temporale
planum temporale
planum temporale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2335
is a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of the cerebral cortex that is transitional between neocortex and allocortex ( Mesulam-1984 ). In the terminology of ( Stephan-1975 ) it is a composite of proisocortex, which is a subdivision of neocortex, and periallocortex. See also: paralimbic regions.
mesallokorteks
mesokorteks
mesocorteccia
jukstallokorteks
paralimbic domain
Cortex intermedius
Mesocortex
mesocortical domain
paralimbic cortex
mesocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2336
refers to one of three types of allocortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The other two are archicortex and periallocortex. It consists of very thin, primitive cortex with few clearly defined layers. It is distinguished developmentally by the fact that it does not develop through the cortical plate. It includes the olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, septum, piriform area and periamygdalar area ( Stephan-1975 ). It differs from earlier definitions in that it includes the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb, which were once not recognized to be cortical structures. It constitutes less than 1% of the surface area of the cerebral cortex ( Stephan-1975, Zilles-1990 ).
paleocortex
paleokortikale Regionen
palaeokortikale Regionen
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2337
refers to one of two components of periallocortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture; the other is periarchicortex. Peripaleocortex is found at the rostral extreme of the insula where it approaches the claustrum and the piriform area. It is regarded as being the same as area 16 of Brodmann (guenon) in monkeys ( Stephan-1976; Zilles-1990 ).
Typus 16
Peripalaeocortex
Regio peripalaeocorticalis claustralis
peripaleocortex
Insula olfactoria
Brodmann's area 16
peripaleocortical claustral region
area 16 of Brodmann
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2338
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque; it is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. Walker's cortical map did not show the full extent of area 6 but located it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Walker-1940 ).
area 6 of Walker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2339
denotes a composite substructure of the basal ganglia that consists of the striatum and the globus pallidus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
cuerpo estriado
corpus striatum
striatum (Carpenter)
corpo striato
Corpus striatum
korpus triat
полосатое тело
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2340
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that is defined in the striatopallidal system by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes most of the striatum ( Heimer-1995 ). The boundary between this structure and the ventral striatum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance .
dorsal striatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2341
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that is defined in the striatopallidal system by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes the nucleus accumbens, the most ventral portions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, the rostrolateral portion of the olfactory tubercle, the islands of Calleja and a rostral subcommissural portion of substantia innominata. The boundary between the ventral striatum and dorsal striatum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance ( Heimer-1995 ).
ventral striatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2342
refers to a part of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally. It includes the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain and the fourth ventricle ( Traurig-2003 ). The other parts of the brainstem so divided are the anterior part of the brainstem, the brainstem tegmentum and the Tectum (Schiebler) ( Schiebler-1999 ).
ventricular system of the brainstem
Teile des Ventrikelsystems
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2343
refers to the region of the brainstem located ventral to the cerebral aqueduct and the fourth ventricle. It consists of the medullary tegmentum, the pontine tegmentum, and the midbrain tegmentum. The brainstem tegmentum contains the cranial nerve nuclei, the reticular formation of the brainstem, and a variety of ascending and descending tracts ( Pritchard-1999 ). Some authors subdivide the brainstem longitudinally into the brainstem tegmentum, the anterior part of the brainstem, the ventricular system of the brainstem, and the Tectum (Schiebler) ( Schiebler-1999 ).
Haube
Decke
brainstem tegmentum
Tegmentum des Hirnstamms
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2344
refers to two transition zones in the cerebral cortex of primates. Defined on the basis of internal structure, each zone consists of an inner band of periallocortex and an outer band of proisocortex. One, the insulo-orbito-temporopolar complex, provides the transition between the piriform area, which is paleocortex at the rostroventral end of the limbic lobe, and true isocortex of the insula, the orbital gyri and the temporopolar region. The other provides the transition between archicortex and true isocortex along the inner margin of the limbic lobe as it circles caudally, dorsally and rostrally over the corpus callosum ( Mesulam-1984 ).
mesocortical region
paralimbic regions
paralimbic brain
paralimbic cortex
paralimbic region
Mesocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2345
refers to one of three subdivisions of the internal granular layer that are seen in the occipital lobe. Located in area 17 of Brodmann (human) and other species, it is a cellular sublayer that lies deep to two other subdivisions, lamina IVA and lamina IVB (the band of Gennari) ( Schiebler-1999 ).
Lamina IVC
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2346
refers to a cross-sectional view of the brain commonly presented in illustrations of its internal structure. Roughly speaking, the term refers to a vertical plane that extends from side to side of the brain. For a more precise definition of its use in BrainInfo see " plane of section ". For a comprehensive review and discussion of uses of this and related terms by different authors, see ( Anthoney-1994 ).
frontal plane
coronal plane
coronal section
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2347
refers to the two more penetrable layers of meninges, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater ( Schiebler-1999 ).
Leptomeninx
weiche Hirnhaut
leptomeninges
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2348
refers to three subdivisions of cerebral cortex of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. They include the parts of the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus that are closest to the lateral fissure. They are aarea 3 of Brodmann (guenon), area 1-2 of Roberts, and area SS II of Roberts ( Roberts-1963 ).
postcentral opercular areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2349
refers to the primary somatosensory cortex and the secondary somatosensory cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).
somatosensory areas
somesthetic areas
somatosensorischer Kortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2350
refers to nerve fibers that pass directly from the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellar cortex through the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the vestibular nuclei ( Schiebler-1999 ).
cerebellovestibular fibers
Cerebello-vestibuläre Fasern
zerebellovestibuläre Fasern
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2351
refers to the uppermost eight pairs of spinal nerves ( Kahle-2001 ).
cervical nerves
Zervikalnervenpaare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2352
refers to a bundle of fibers from the spinal trigeminal nucleus and principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve that cross to the contralateral trigeminal lemniscus, join the medial lemniscus of the pons and terminate in the thalamus ( Kahle-2001 ).
Anterior tegmental fasciculus (Spitzer)
Fasciculus tegmentalis ventralis (Spitzer)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2353
refers to a composite structure that includes the anterior basal cistern and the posterior basal cistern ( Schiebler-1999 ).
Cisterna basalis
basal cistern
Basalzisterne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2354
refers to a bundle of fibers that diverge from the corticobulbar fibers in the midbrain to join the medial lemniscus of the midbrain ( Kahle-2001 )
Tractus aberrans mesencephali
mesencephalic aberrant tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2355
refers to nerve fibers that project from the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex ( Zilles-2000 ).
Tractus cerebellocerebralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2356
refers to one of three subdivisions of the internal granular layer that are seen in area 17 of Brodmann (human) of the occipital lobe. It is a cellular sublayer that lies superficial to the other two subdivisions, lamina IVB (band of Gennari) and lamina IVC ( Zilles-2000 ).
Lamina IVA
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2357
refers to one of three parts of the reticular formation of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally on the basis of histochemical stains for neurotransmitters and related enzymes, connectivity, cytoarchitecture and function as well as conventional stains for Nissl substance and myelin. It is located in the brainstem lateral to the mediane Zone (Formatio reticularis) and the mediale magnozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis). It is characterized by small cells and includes adrenergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic cell groups, such as the locus ceruleus ( Schiebler-1999 ).
laterale kleinzellige Zone
laterale parvozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis)
lateral parvocellular zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2358
refers to the superior salivatory nucleus and the inferior salivatory nucleus ( Schiebler-1999 ).
Nuclei salivatorii
salivatory nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2359
refers to the space occupied by the hypophysis ( Schiebler-1999 ).
hypophysial fossa
pituitary fossa
Fossa hypophysialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2360
refers to a cortical area defined on the basis of function and connectivity. It is located in the parietal lobe largely caudal to the postcentral gyrus and receives major input via intracortical connections from the primary somesthetic area. It is identified with the cytoarchitecturally defined area 5 of Brodmann (human) and area 7 of Brodmann (human) ( Schiebler-1999 ).
somatosensorischen Assoziationsgebiete
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2361
refers to a bundle of fibers that diverges from the corticobulbar fibers in the pons to join the medial lemniscus of the pons ( Kahle-2001 )
Tractus aberrans pontis
pontine aberrant tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2362
refers to the extensive space in the depths of the lateral fissure ( Kahle-2001 ).
Fossa lateralis
lateral fossa
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2363
refers to the nuclei of the medulla, pons and midbrain that are the sites of origin or termination of fibers in the cranial nerves ( Carpenter-1983; NeuroNames ).
cranial nerve nuclei
Hirnnervenkerne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2364
denotes a horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis based on external landmarks. Used primarily in human computed tomography, it passes through the Canthi (lateral angles of the eyelids) and the centers of the external auditory canals ( Schiebler-1999 ).
canthomeatal plane
Kanthomeatalebene
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2365
refers to a neural pathway from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum through the dentate nucleus the superior cerebellar peduncle, and ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex ( Zilles-2000 ).
Tractus cerebello-thalamo-cerebralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2366
refers to a part of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally. It includes the tectum of the midbrain, the cerebellum, the superior medullary velum, the inferior medullary velum, the gracilis tubercle of the medulla and the cuneate tubercle. The other parts of the brainstem so divided are the anterior part of the brainstem, the brainstem tegmentum and the ventricular system of the brainstem ( Schiebler-1999 ).
Tectum (Zilles)
Tectum (Schiebler)
Dach
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2367
refers to a fiber tract from the red nucleus to the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained sections ( Schiebler-1999 ).
rubrozerebellare Fasern
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2368
refers to fibers that project from the arcuate nucleus of the medulla ( Riley-1943 ). They cross the floor of the fourth ventricle in the striae medullares and terminate in the flocculus ( Kahle-2001 ).
Tractus arcuato-floccularis
Tractus arcuatocerebellaris
arcuatocerebellar tract
Tractus arcuato-cerebellares
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2369
refers to the pair of spinal nerves that emerges from the spinal cord in the coccygeal region ( Kahle-2001 ).
Kokzygealnervenpaar
coccygeal nerves
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2370
refers to fibers that enter the central tegmental tract at various levels in the vicinity of the red nucleus, and the central gray substance, the pontine reticular formation and the midbrain reticular formation and terminate in the inferior olive ( Kahle-2001 ).
Fibrae reticuloolivares
reticulo-olivary fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2371
refers to nerve fibers from the cerebellum to the reticular formation of the brainstem ( Zilles-2000 ).
Tractus cerebelloreticularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2372
refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled expansion of the subarachnoid space located between the insula and the overlying opercular cortex of primates. It is found in the human ( Schiebler-1999 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). It is not present in rodents.
латеральная ямка большого мозга (сильвиева ямка)
fossa cerebri lateralis (Sylvii)
insular cistern
Cisterna fossae lateralis cerebri
Inselzisterne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2373
refers to a cross-sectional view of the brain commonly presented in illustrations of its internal structure. Roughly speaking, the term refers to a horizontal plane that extends from the front to the back of the brain. For a more precise definition of its use in BrainInfo see " plane of section ". For a comprehensive review and discussion of uses of this and related terms by different authors, see ( Anthoney-1994 ).
horizontal plane
horizontal section
transverse section
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2374
refers to fibers from the fimbria of the CA fields that pass dorsal to the corpus callosum in the medial longitudinal stria. Some rejoin the fornix by penetrating the corpus callosum rostrally ( Crosby-1962, Stephan-1975 ).
Fornix longus
Fornix superior
dorsal fornix (primate)
Fornix dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2375
refers to a group of nerve cells in the midbrain reticular formation that are located medial to the peripeduncular nucleus and ventral to the ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).
Nucleus tegmentalis anterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2376
refers to a cortical area on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It includes some or all of the presubiculum and an adjacent portion of the entorhinal area ( Shantha-1968 ).
Gyrus hippocampi (Shantha)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2377
refers to a cortical area on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It includes the lingual gyrus and the most caudal adjacent portion of the parahippocampal gyrus ( Shantha-1968 ).
Cortex praestriatus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2378
refers to a small vertical depression variably present on the dorsal surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is located anterior to the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus ( Walker-1940 ) and posterior to the anterior supraprincipal dimple ( Paxinos-2004 ). While some authors refer to it as the sulcus frontalis superior, they do not consider it homologous to the superior frontal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). It has no equivalent in rodents.
sulcus frontalis superior
posterior superior frontal sulcus
superior frontal sulcus
sulcus frontalis superior posterior
posterior supraprincipal dimple
prearcuate notch
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2379
refers to a composite superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the macaque. Located on the dorsolateral surface, it consists of the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus, the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and the spur of the arcuate sulcus ( Krieg-1975; Walker-1940 ).
The adult human has no feature topologically equivalent to the arcuate sulcus of the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). One finds a similar angular depression, however, in the <a href="http://www.wanprc.org/braininfo-images/human-fetal-brain.htm" TARGET="_BLANK">fetal cortex</a> of the 32-33 week human. There the vertical, inferior limb appears to become the inferior precentral sulcus. The depression located rostral to it in the 32-33 week human fetus, a location comparable to that of the principal sulcus, appears to become the inferior frontal sulcus instead ( Savel'ev-2005 ). And, based upon the organization of <a href="http://www.wanprc.org/braininfo-images/human-motor-cortex.htm" TARGET="_BLANK">architectonic areas</a> relative to sulcal features, the superior, horizontal component appears similar in location to the superior frontal sulcus and superior precentral sulcus.
Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
Sulcus arcuata
solco arcuato
Sulcus arcuatis
Sulcus arcuatus
inferior precentral sulcus (Walker)
arcuate sulcus
дугообразная борозда
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2380
refers to a functional grouping of three of the cranial nerves based on their involvement in the control of eye movements. The group includes the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve and the abducens nerve ( Anthoney-1994 ).
ocular nerves
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2381
refers to a composite subdivision of the anterior hypothalamic region. It includes the anterior hypothalamic area, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the supraoptic nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ).
anterior hypothalamic group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2382
refers to the more rostral of two sulci that branch ventrally from the intraparietal sulcus in the parietal lobe of the human. It marks part of the boundary between the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). The other, located more caudally, is the secondary intermediate sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
primary intermediate sulcus
sulcus intermedius primus (Jensen)
первая промежуточная бороздка
sulcus intermedius primus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2383
refers to a reference line in the midline sagittal plane that defines the horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis. For ventriculography In the human it is defined as the line passing through the upper border of the anterior commissure and the lower border of the posterior commissure ( Talairach-1957 ). The same definition was commonly used in MRI studies for many years. More recently some authors recommend that it be defined as the line passing through the centers of the anterior commissure and the posterior commissure ( Kretschmann-2004 }. The latter definition is commonly used to define the bicommissural line and the horizontal plane in the macaque ( Martin-1996; Paxinos-2000 ).
bicommissural line
AC-PC line
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2384
refers to the more caudal of two sulci that branch ventrally from the intraparietal sulcus in the parietal lobe of the human. It projects into the angular gyrus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). The other, located more rostrally, is the primary intermediate sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sulcus intermedius secundus
secondary intermediate sulcus
вторая промежуточная бороздка
sulcus intermedius secundus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2385
refers to the notch in the cerebellar tentorium through which the brainstem passes at about the junction of the midbrain and pons. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).
incisura tentorial
incisura de la tienda del cerebelo
вырезка намета
tentorial hiatus
incisura tentoriale
incisure of tentorium cerebelli
tentorial incisure
Incisura tentorii
tentorial notch
Einschnitt
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2386
refers to a superficial feature of the parietal lobe. It is the portion of the superior temporal sulcus that extends into the angular gyrus ( Ono-1990 ).
sillon paralléle, partie postérieure, segment ascendant
sulcus angularis
segment ascendant du sillon paralléle
superior temporal sulcus ascending branch
angular sulcus
Sulcus angularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2387
refers to the embryologic structure that gives rise to the lateral reticular nucleus and the lateral geniculate body ( Anthoney-1994 ).
ventral thalamus (Martinez)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2388
refers to a sagittal portion of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and posterior lobe of the cerebellum that lies immediately lateral to the vermis of the cerebellum ( Anthoney-1994 ).
paramedian zone of the cerebellum
paramediane Zone des Kleinhirns
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2389
refers to a superficial feature of the parahippocampal gyrus in the human. It is a side branch from the collateral sulcus into the parahippocampal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ).
parahippocampal ramus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2390
refers to the parts of the ventrolateral frontal lobe and parietal lobe that overlie the dorsal surface of the insula in primates, including the human ( Roberts-1970 ) and the macaque ( Mesulam-1984 ). Defined on the basis of topology it constitutes the superior bank of the lateral fissure and is separated from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus. It is composed of the frontal operculum rostrally and the parietal operculum caudally. It is one of three parts of the opercular cortex. The others are the temporal operculum and, in the human only, the basal operculum. None of the opercula are present in the smooth cerebral cortex of rodents.
opercular cortex (Roberts)
frontoparietal operculum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2391
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined postcentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the postcentral gyrus where it is bounded cytoarchitecturally by the area 3 of Brodmann (human) and the area 2 of Brodmann (human) and, at its ventral tip, by the area 43 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 1 of Brodmann (human)
Brodmann's area 1
intermediate postcentral area 1
Feld 1
Area postcentralis intermedia
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2392
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined postcentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located primarily in the caudal portion of the postcentral gyrus and the rostral lip of the postcentral sulcus with a caudal extension along the intraparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 1 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 5 of Brodmann (human), the area 7 of Brodmann (human) and the area 40 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Feld 2
Brodmann's area 2
area 2 of Brodmann (human)
caudal postcentral area 2
Area postcentralis caudalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2393
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined postcentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located primarily in the rostral portion of the postcentral gyrus including the caudal bank of the central sulcus. At either end of the sulcus it can extend beyond the depth of the sulcus into the precentral gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 1 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Brodmann's area 3
Area postcentralis oralis
area 3 of Brodmann (human)
rostral postcentral area 3
Feld 3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2394
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the precentral gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally the caudal boundary with the area 3 of Brodmann (human) does not coincide precisely with the floor of the central sulcus but lies variably in the banks of the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus. The area also does not extend in all cases to the cingulate sulcus medially or to the end of the central sulcus ventrolaterally. It is bounded rostrally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 4 of Brodmann (human)
Feld 4
frontal core
gigantopyramidal area 4
Area 4 nach Brodmann
precentral gigantopyramidal field
Brodmann's area 4
Area gigantopyramidalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2395
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located primarily in the caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus and the rostral portions of the precentral gyrus not occupied by the area 4 of Brodmann (human). It extends from the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere to the lateral fissure on the lateral aspect. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the frontal region and caudally by the garea 4 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Feld 6
agranular frontal area 6
area 6 of Brodmann (human)
frontal belt
Area frontalis agranularis
Brodmann's area 6
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2396
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located primarily in the superior frontal gyrus extending from the cingulate sulcus on the medial surface over the margin of the hemisphere to the middle frontal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human) and ventrally by the area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Brodmann's area 8
intermediate frontal area 8
Area frontalis intermedia
area 8 of Brodmann (human)
Feld 8
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2398
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It occupies portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. Its approximate boundary on the medial aspect of the hemisphere is the cingulate sulcus and, on the lateral aspect, the inferior frontal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsocaudally by area 8 of Brodmann (human), caudally by area 6 of Brodmann (human), and ventrally by area 10 of Brodmann (human), area 46 of Brodmann and area 44 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).
granular frontal area 9
Area frontalis granularis
area 9 of Brodmann
Feld 9
area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human)
Brodmann's area 9
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2399
refers to the cingulate sulcus more distant from the corpus callosum in the approximately 35% of humans who have a double cingulate gyrus. This second sulcus parallels the anterior portion of the cingulate sulcus. Like the cingulate sulcus, it may be continuous or interrupted. It forms the outer boundary of the rostral part of the external cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-1995 ).
paracingulate sulcus
superior cingulate sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2400
refers to the gyrus more distant from the corpus callosum in the approximately 35% of humans who have a double cingulate gyrus. It parallels the main cingulate gyrus from which it is separated by the cingulate sulcus. It is bounded externally by the paracingulate sulcus ( Vogt-1995 ).
superior cingulate gyrus
external cingulate gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2401
applies to the gyrus closer to the corpus callosum in the approximately 35% of humans who have a double cingulate gyrus. It parallels the external cingulate gyrus from which it is separated by the cingulate sulcus. It is bounded internally by the callosal sulcus ( Vogt-1995 ).
main cingulate gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2402
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Thus, it is bounded caudally by the inferior precentral sulcus and rostrally by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure. It surrounds the diagonal sulcus. In the depth of the lateral fissure it borders on the insula. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally and dorsally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human), dorsally by the area 9 of Brodmann (human) and rostrally by the area 45 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Area opercularis
Feld 44
Brodmann's area 44
area 44 of Brodmann
opercular area 44
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2403
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human, it occupies the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and, surrounding the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure, a portion of the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure, it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral fissure. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally by the opercular area 44 of Brodmann, rostrodorsally by the area 46 of Brodmann and ventrally by the area 47 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 45 of Brodmann
triangular area 45
Area triangularis
area 45 of Brodmann (human)
Brodmann's area 45
Feld 45
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2404
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human, on the orbital surface it surrounds the caudal portion of the orbital sulci from which it extends laterally into the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus (human). Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally by the area 45 of Brodmann (human), medially by the prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909, and rostrally by the area 10 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Brodmann's area 47
area 47 of Brodmann
area 47 of Brodmann (human)
orbital area 47
Feld 47
Area orbitalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2405
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the most rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. In humans, on the medial aspect of the hemisphere it is bounded ventrally by the superior rostral sulcus. It does not extend as far as the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human), caudally by the area 46 of Brodmann (human), and ventrally by the area 47 of Brodmann (human) and by the area 12 of Brodmann (human) or, in an early version of Brodmann's cortical map ( Brodmann-1909 ), the area 11 of Brodmann (human).
area 10 (H) of Brodmann
area 10 of Brodmann (human)
Brodmann's area 10
Feld 10
frontopolar area 10
Area frontopolaris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2406
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies the superior parietal lobule and a portion of the postcentral gyrus, particularly on the medial aspect of the hemisphere. It is bounded approximately by the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere and by the superior postcentral sulcus - obsolete on the lateral aspect. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the area 2 of Brodmann (human), the area 7 of Brodmann (human) and on the medial bank of the hemisphere by the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and the area 31 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
preparietal area 5
Brodmann's area 5
Feld 5
area 5 of Brodmann (human)
Area praeparietalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2407
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies much of the superior parietal lobule and some of the precuneus. It is bounded approximately by the postcentral sulcus rostrally, the intraparietal sulcus laterally, the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally and, on the medial bank of the hemisphere, the subparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by area 5 of Brodmann (human) and area 2 of Brodmann (human); caudally by area 19 of Brodmann (human); and medially by area 31 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Brodmann's area 7
Feld 7
Area parietalis superior
area 7 of Brodmann (human)
superior parietal area 7
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2408
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It is located primarily in the supramarginal gyrus surrounding the posterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure (human). It is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior postcentral sulcus the posterior subcentral sulcus and the lateral fissure. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the area 39 of Brodmann, rostrally and dorsally by the area 2 of Brodmann (human), and ventrally by the area 43 of Brodmann (human) and the area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Area supramarginalis
area 40 of Brodmann (human)
area 40 of Brodmann
Feld 40
Brodmann's area 40
supramarginal area 40 (H)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2409
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It corresponds to the angular gyrus surrounding the caudal tip of the superior temporal sulcus. Dorsally it is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 40 of Brodmann (human), dorsally and caudally by the area 19 of Brodmann (human), and ventrally by the area 37 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
angular area 39
Brodmann's area 39
Area angularis
area 39 of Brodmann
Feld 39
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2410
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex inthe human. With its medial boundary corresponding approximately to the rhinal sulcus it is located primarily in the fusiform gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded laterally and caudally by the area 20 of Brodmann (human), medially by the perirhinal area 35 and rostrally by the area 38 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). While Brodmann did not find area 36 sufficiently differentiated in the guenon, an Old World monkey similar to the macaque, to report, he did observe it in the marmoset, a New World species and the lemur, a prosimian ( Brodmann-1909 )
Brodmann's area 36
ectorhinal area 36
Feld 36
area 36 of Brodmann
area 36 of Brodmann (human)
Area ectorhinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2411
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It is located primarily in the caudal portions of the fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus on the mediobasal and lateral surfaces at the caudal extreme of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the area 19 of Brodmann (human), rostrally by the area 20 of Brodmann (human) and area 21 of Brodmann (human) and dorsally on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere by the area 39 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 37 of Brodmann (human)
occipitotemporal area 37
Brodmann's area 37
Feld 37
area 37 of Brodmann
Area paratemporalis of Smith
Area occipitotemporalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2412
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It is located primarily in the most rostral portions of the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the area 20 of Brodmann (human), the area 21 of Brodmann (human), the area 22 of Brodmann (human) and the area 36 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 38 of Brodmann (human)
Area temporopolaris
temporopolar area 38
Feld 38
Brodmann's area 38
area 38 of Brodmann
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2413
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the middle temporal gyrus. It is bounded rostrally by the area 38 of Brodmann (human), ventrally by the area 20 of Brodmann (human), caudally by the area 37 of Brodmann (human), and dorsally by the area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 21 of Brodmann (human)
middle temporal area 21
Brodmann's area 21
Feld 21
Area temporalis media
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2414
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located in the bank of the lateral fissure on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Its medial boundary corresponds approximately to the junction between the temporal lobe and the insula. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded laterally by the area 41 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 52 of Brodmann
Brodmann's area 52
parainsular area 52
area 52 of Brodmann (human)
Feld 52
Area parainsularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2415
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies portions of the posterior cingulate gyrus and medial aspect of the parietal lobe. Approximate boundaries are the cingulate sulcus dorsally and the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally. It partially surrounds the subparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 24 of Brodmann (human), ventrally by the area 23 of Brodmann (human), dorsally by the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and area 5 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 7 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 31 of Brodmann
area 31 of Brodmann (human)
Area cingularis posterior dorsalis
cinguloparietal transition area
dorsal posterior cingulate area 31
Brodmann's area 31
Feld 31
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2417
refers to a portion of the posterior cingulate gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). It is one of three subdivisions of area 23 (macaque). The other two are area 23a (macaque) and area 23b (macaque). Area 23c is located furthest from the corpus callosum in the ventral wall of the cingulate sulcus . An equivalent area exists in the human ( Vogt-1995 ). For a more recent segmentation of this area by the same authors later in their studies ( Vogt-2012 ) see area 23.
area 23c of Vogt (macaque)
area 23c (macaque)
area 23c
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2419
refers to a portion of the posterior cingulate gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). It is one of three subdivisions of area 23 (macaque). The other two are area 23a (macaque) and area 23c (macaque). Area 23b lies in the upper half of the gyrus between area 23a and area 23c. An equivalent area exists in the human ( Vogt-1995 ). For a more recent segmentation of this area by the same authors later in their studies ( Vogt-2012 ) see area 23.
area 23b of Vogt (macaque)
area 23b
23b (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2421
refers to a portion of the posterior cingulate gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). It is one of three subdivisions of area 23 (macaque) The other two are area 23b (macaque) and area 23c (macaque). Area 23a lies closest to the corpus callosum. An equivalent area exists in the human ( Vogt-1995 ). For a more recent segmentation of this area reported by the same authors later in their studies ( Vogt-2012 ) see area 23.
area 23a
area 23a of Vogt (macaque)
area 23a (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2422
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus. The cingulate sulcus defines approximately its inner boundary and the superior rostral sulcus its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the frontal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the area 24 of Brodmann (human), externally by medial margins of the area 6 of Brodmann (human), area 8 of Brodmann (human), area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human), area 10 of Brodmann (human), and prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909 ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 32 of Brodmann (human)
Brodmann's area 32
Feld 32
dorsal anterior cingulate area 32
Area cingularis anterior dorsalis
cingulofrontal transition cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2423
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. It is a narrow band located in the anterior cingulate gyrus adjacent to the supracallosal gyrus in the depth of the callosal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by area 24 of Brodmann (human) and the supracallosal gyrus ( Brodmann-1909 ). See also: area 33.
Area praegenualis
Feld 33
pregenual area 33
Brodmann's area 33
Area infraradiata ventralis
area 33 of Brodmann
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2424
refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined retrosplenial area of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the area 29 of Brodmann-1909 (human), dorsally by the area 23 of Brodmann (human) and ventrolaterally by the area 36 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). Brodmann did not find area 30 in the guenon, an Old World monkey like the macaque, but did find it in the lemur, a prosimian ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 30 of Brodmann (human)
agranular retrolimbic area 30
Brodmann's area 30
Feld 30
Area retrolimbica agranularis
area 30 of Brodmann
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2425
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the banks of the collateral sulcus: the parahippocampal gyrus medially and the fusiform gyrus laterally ( Brodmann-1909 ); in some individuals it extends onto the medial surface of the fusiform gyrus ( Insausti-2004 ).
In the macaque it is located at the fundus of the rhinal sulcus with the parahippocampal gyrus medial to it but the inferior temporal gyrus lateral to it ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located on the ventrolateral cortical surface.
Cytoarchitecturally it is one of seven components of the periarchicortex ( Stephan-1975 ). In the primate it is bounded medially by the entorhinal area and laterally by the ectorhinal area; in the rodent it is bounded by the entorhinal area ventrally and the ectorhinal area dorsally. In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it is considered a part of polymodal association cortex. (See Models Where It Appears below.)
perirhinal area 35
perirhinal area
Brodmann's area 35
Feld 35
perirhinal cortex
area 35 of Brodmann
Area perirhinalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2426
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex that lies immediately caudal to the central sulcus. It occupies primarily the postcentral gyrus and a small portion of the precentral gyrus at its ventral extreme adjacent to the lateral fissure. It consists of the area 3 of Brodmann (human), the area 1 of Brodmann (human), the area 2 of Brodmann (human) and the area 43 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 )
postcentral region
Regio retrocentralis
Regio postcentralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2427
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex that lies immediately rostral to the central sulcus.It occupies caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus. It extends into the rostral bank of the central sulcus, though not to the full depth of the sulcus at all points. It consists of the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and the area 6 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
precentral region
Regio praecentralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2428
refers to a portion of the cerebral cortex that is located in the precentral gyrus and portions of the superior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. It includes the precentral region (area 4 of Brodmann (human) and area 6 of Brodmann (human)) and perhaps parts of the area 8 of Brodmann (human), the opercular area 44 and the area 45 of Brodmann (human) ( Anthoney-1994 ).
precentral region (Wilk)
precentral area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2429
was used by Brodmann for the frontal lobe excluding its cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region. On the medial surface of the hemisphere its boundary with the cingulate region is an arc formed by the cingulate sulcus above and by the superior rostral sulcus below. It includes the area 8 of Brodmann (human), the area 9 of Brodmann (human), the area 10 of Brodmann (human), the area 11 of Brodmann (human), the area 44 of Brodmann, the area 45 of Brodmann (human), the area 47 of Brodmann (human) and the area 46 of Brodmann (human). Most authors now consider Brodmann's frontal region to be an approximate equivalent to the combination of the lateral prefrontal cortex and the lateral part of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex ( Brodmann-1909, Anthoney-1994 ).
anterior frontal cortex
lobus prafrontal
korteks prafrontal
area prefrontale
prefrontal region
frontal cortex (Nauta)
prefrontal lobe
frontal region
Regio frontalis
hyperfrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex (H)
frontal association areas
lateral prefrontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2430
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex. It occupies most of the parietal lobe caudal to the postcentral gyrus. It is bounded approximately by the postcentral sulcus, the subparietal sulcus and the parieto-occipital sulcus. It is composed of the area 5 of Brodmann (human), the area 7 of Brodmann (human), the area 40 of Brodmann (human) and the area 39 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).
parietal region
Regio parietalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2431
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex. It occupies most of the occipital lobe and a portion of the temporal lobe. It is composed of the area 17 of Brodmann (human), the area 18 of Brodmann (human) and the area 19 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Regio occipitalis
occipital region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2432
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex. It occupies most of the temporal lobe. It is composed of the area 52 of Brodmann (human), the area 41 of Brodmann (human), the area 42 of Brodmann (human), the area 22 of Brodmann (human), the area 21 of Brodmann (human), the area 20 of Brodmann (human), the area 36 of Brodmann (human), the area 37 of Brodmann (human) and the area 38 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).
temporal region
Regio temporalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2433
originally referred to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex that occupies all of the insula and immediately adjacent portions of surrounding frontal lobe and temporal lobe ( Brodmann-1909 ). Subsequently it has come to refer to one of three components of the olfactocentric division of the paralimbic regions( Mesulam-1984 ). The other components are the orbitofrontal region and the temporopolar region.
The three regions surround and radiate from the piriform area ( allocortex ) into the corresponding insula, orbital gyri and polar portion of the superior temporal gyrus. Each is subdivided into an agranular ( periallocortex ) belt, a dysgranular ( proisocortex ) belt and a granular ( true isocortex ) belt, which is continous with granular areas of surrounding neocortex: the primary somatosensory cortex, the secondary somatosensory cortex and the retroinsular area.
The corresponding subdivisions of the insular region are the agranular insula, the dysgranular insula, and the granular insula ( Mesulam-1984 ).
insula region
insular region
Regio insularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2434
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex that occupies much of the medial surface of the hemisphere surrounding the corpus callosum. It is composed of the area 23 of Brodmann (human), the area 31 of Brodmann (human), the area 24 of Brodmann (human), the area 25 of Brodmann (human), the area 33 of Brodmann, the area 32 of Brodmann (human) and the area 32 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Brodmann-1909 ). See also cingulate cortex.
cingulate region
Regio cingularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2435
refers to a transition zone between cytoarchitecturally defined portions of the cingulate region, namely, the Subregio praecingularis and the Subregio postcingularis. While described by Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ), it is not represented in the areal map of human cortex in that publication.
Area cingularis intermedia
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2436
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of periarchicortex ( Stephan-1975 ). It is interposed between the presubiculum and neocortex ( Zilles-2004 ). In the primate it consists of two subareas: the retrosplenial granular area and the retrosplenial agranular area, which are located deep in the callosal sulcus in the caudal part of the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, adjacent to the splenium of the corpus callosum. In the human it includes three of Brodmann's areas: area 26 of Brodmann (human), area 29 of Brodmann (human) ) and area 30 of Brodmann (human).
In the monkey, Brodmann-1909 identified an area 26 of Brodmann (guenon) as equivalent to the sum of the three human areas. Subsequent investigators have abandoned the designation 26 for the macaque, dividing the area into a retrosplenial granular area ( area 29 (macaque) and a retrosplenial agranular area ( area 30 (macaque) ) ( Vogt-1987 ).
In the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ) the retrosplenial area is divided into a retrosplenial granular area, a retrosplenial dysgranular area, and, by some authors ( Swanson-2004; Dong-2004 ), a retrosplenial agranular area.
retrosplenial cortex
retrosplenial area
Regio retrosplenialis
retrosplenial region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2437
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex in the human. It is largely located on the medial surface of the temporal lobe adjacent to the hippocampal formation. It is composed of the presubiculum, the entorhinal area, the perirhinal area and area 48 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).
hippocampal region
hippocampal region (Brodmann)
Regio hippocampica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2438
refers to a fiber pathway that originates from neurons in the posterior hypothalamic region and projects to various nuclei of the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus. It is a composite structure that consists of the mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus and the mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
mammillothalamic tract (Vicq d'Azyr)
thalamomammillary fasciculus
mammillothalamic tract
mamillothalamic fasciculus
mamillothalamic tract
tratto mammillotalamico
Fasciculus mamillo-thalamicus
mamillo-thalamic tract
Tractus mammillothalamicus
tractus mamillothalamique
Tractus mamillo-thalamicus
traktus mamillotalamik
Fasciculus mamillothalamicus
мамилдярно-таламический тракт
сосцевидно-таламический путь
Tractus mamillothalamicus
сосцевидно-бугорный тракт
bundle of Vicq d'Azyr
fasciculus of Vicq d'Azyr
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2439
refers to a bundle of ascending fibers that make up the lateral portion of the posterior white column of the spinal cord. The fibers originate in the upper thoracic segments and cervical segments of the cord and terminate in the cuneate nucleus of the medulla ( Carpenter-1983 ). The cuneate fasciculus includes the cuneate fasciculus of the spinal cord and the cuneate fasciculus of the medulla.
Burdach-Strang
Kuneatusfasern
Pars lateralis fasciculi dorsalis (Burdach)
Tractus spinobulbaris partis lateralis (Burdach)
cuneate fascicle
lateral fasciculus
Cuneatusfasern
fasikul kuneat
клиновидный канатик
cuneate fasciculus
Tractus spinobulbaris lateralis
fascículo lateral
Fasciculus cuneatus
column of Burdach
cuneate fascicle (Burdach)
fascicolo cuneato
Fasciculus cuneatus (Burdach)
fascículo cuneiforme
Funiculus cuneatus
tract of Burdach
cuneate fasciculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2440
refers to a bundle of ascending fibers that make up the medial portion of the posterior white column of the spinal cord. The fibers arise from all levels of the cord and terminate in the gracile nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ). The gracile fasciculus includes the gracile fasciculus of the spinal cord and the gracile fasciculus of the medulla.
medial fasciculus
gracile fasciculus
fascicolo gracile
Fasciculus gracilis (Goll-Strang)
fasciculus of Goll
Fasciculus gracilis (Goll)
Goll'scher Strang
Grazilisfasern
Tractus spinobulbaris partis medialis (Goll)
fascículo medial
column of Goll
Tractus spinobulbaris medialis
нежный канатик
fasciculus gracilis
Pars medialis fasciculi dorsalis (Goll)
fascículo delgado
tract of Gall
gracile fascicle
fasikel grasil
Fasciculus gracilis
Funiculus gracilis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2441
represents two categories of superficial feature of the brain. 1) "Surface features" are topological landmarks on the surface of the brain that do not occupy volume; for example, the inferior olive is the protruding surface of the medulla that represents the outer boundary of the inferior olivary complex. 2) "Appendages" represent the other category of superficial feature. They are volumetric structures that are not part of the brain but that are attached to its surface. The cranial nerves, for example, are appendages.
Facies superficiales
superficial features
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2444
is a cytoarchitectural term that denotes the most superficial horizontal layer of the cerebral cortex. It is layer I in neocortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Lamina zonalis
Stratum plexiforme
Lamina molecularis (cerebri)
Lamina plexiformis
capa molecular
Schicht I
Stratum moleculare
plexiform layer of cerebral cortex
Molekularschicht
молекулярный слой
Molecularschicht
Lamina I
плексиформный слой
молекулярная пластинка
isocortex, molecular layer
molecular layer of the cerebral cortex
Layer I
strato molecolare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2445
is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a subdivision of the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (layer I) ( Nomina-1983 ).
Stria laminae molecularis
Stria laminae plexiformis
полоска молекулярной пластинки
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2446
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the outermost layer of the cerebral cortex in which granule cells predominate. In neocortex it is layer II ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Layer II
strato granulare esterno
наружная зернистая пластинка
capa granular externa
Lamina ganularis externa
äußere Körnerschicht
Lamina II
Schicht II
Lamina granularis externa
isocortex, superficial supragranular pyramidal layer
layer of small pyramids
external granular layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2447
is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a subdivision of the external granular layer (layer II) of the cerebral cortex ( Nomina-1983 ).
Stria laminae granularis externa
полоска наружной зернистой пластинки
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2448
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the most superficial layer of cerebral cortex in which pyramidal cells predominate. In neocortex it is layer III ( Carpenter-1983 ). In areas of agranular cortex with minimal evidence of an external granular layer (II), the external pyramidal layer is sometimes labeled layer II/III.
layer of medium-sized and large pyramidal cells
Pyramidenschicht
Lamina pyramidalis
Schicht III
Lamina pyramidalis externa
external pyramidal layer
strato piramidale esterno
Layer III
capa pramidal externa
äußere Pyramidenzellschicht
слой малых пирамид
isocortex, deep supragranular pyramidal layer
Lamina III
наружная пирамидная пластинка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2449
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the innermost layer of the cerebral cortex in which granule cells predominate. In neocortex it is layer IV ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Layer IV
layer of small stellate and pyramidal cells
Schicht IV
isocortex, granular layer
strato granulare interno
Lamina IV
внутренняя зернистая пластинка
internal granular layer
innere Körnerschicht
Lamina granularis interna
capa granular interna
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2450
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the innermost layer of cerebral cortex in which pyramidal cells predominate. In neocortex it is layer V ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Ganglienschicht
Lamina pyramidalis interna
вутренняя пирамидная пластинка
Lamina ganglionaris
inner layer of large pyramidal cells
isocortex, infragranular pyramidal layer
internal pyramidal layer
innere Pyramidenzellschicht
capa piramidal interna
Layer V
Schicht V
deep layer of large pyramidal cells
strato piramidale interno
Lamina V
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2451
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the deepest horizontal layer of the cerebral cortex. In neocortex it is layer VI ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Schicht polymorpher Zellen
Layer VI
fusiform layer
multiforme Schicht
capa multiforme
isocortex, polymorph layer
spindle cell layer
strato multiforme
полиформная пластинка
мультиформная пластинка
полиморфной слой
Spindelzellenschicht
Spindelzellschicht
Lamina multiformis
multiform layer
Schicht VI
Lamina VI
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2452
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting one of two subdivisions of the multiform layer of the cerebral cortex. The other is layer VII (Cajal) ( Crosby-1962 ).
layer of medium-sized pyramidal and triangular cells
layer VI (Cajal)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2453
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting one of two subdivisions of the multiform layer of the cerebral cortex. The other is layer VI (Cajal) ( Crosby-1962 ).
layer VII (Cajal)
layer of fusiform cells
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2454
refers to a composite structure of the amygdala that includes the anterior amygdalar area and a medial portion of the central amygdalar nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).
anterior amygdaloid area (Lauer)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2455
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting layers of the cerebral cortex that are deep to the internal granular layer (IV), i.e., the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) ( Carpenter-1983 ).
infragranular layers
infragranular layers of cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2456
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the outermost layer of the CA fields ( Stephan-1975 ).
lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus
stratum lacunosum moleculare
Stratum lacunosum-moleculare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2457
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the CA fields in which pyramidal cells are predominant. Its location is superficial to the oriens layer of the hippocampus; it is deep to the stratum radiatum of the CA fields in the CA1 field, CA2 field and deep to the stratum lucidum of the CA3 field ( Stephan-1975 ).
pyramidal layer of hippocampus
Stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Stratum pyramidale
pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus
strato piramidale dell'ippocampo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2458
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the CA fields that is deep to the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and superficial to the alveus ( Stephan-1975 ).
oriens layer of the hippocampus
polymorphic layer of hippocampus
Stratum oriens
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2459
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the CA fields located deep to the lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus and superficial to the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus ( Stephan-1975 ).
stratum radiatum
stratum radiatum of the hippocampus
Stratum radiatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2460
refers to a composite structure of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It includes the precentral region and the postcentral region which lie on opposite sides of the central sulcus ( Brodmann-1909 ).
Regio rolandica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2461
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting two layers of the cerebral cortex, the external granular layer (II) and the external pyramidal layer (III), which are superficial to the internal granular layer (IV) ( Carpenter-1983 ).
supragranular cortex
supragranular layers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2462
is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a subdivision of the cerebellar cortex ( Roberts-1970 ).
white laminae of the cerebellum
Laminae albae cerebelli
Laminae albae
белые полоски
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2463
refers to the midline lobe of the cerebellum. It is a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex. It includes the vermis of the anterior lobe, which consists of the lingula (I)*, the central lobule (II and III), and the culmen (IV and V); and the vermis of the posterior lobe, which consists of the declive (VI), the folium (rostral half of VII), the tuber (caudal half of VII), the pyramis (VIII), and the uvula (IX) ( Carpenter-1983 ).
*Roman numerals represent the corresponding designations of lobules of the vermis by Larsell ( Larsell-1970; Larsell-1972 ).
vermal region
central lobe of the cerebellum
vermal regions
Wurm
cerebellar vermis
vermis cerebeloso
Kleinhirnwurm
Vermis (cerebelli)
Vermis cerebelli
червь мозжечка
medial cortical zone
vermis of the cerebellum
vermis
zona cortical medial
korteks vermis
vermis
mediane Zone des Kleinhirns
verme cerebellare
червячок мозжечка
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2464
denotes a composite substructure of the vermis of the cerebellum, which includes the folium and tuber of the vermis ( Carpenter-1983 ).
folium-tuber
folium-tuber vermis
folium-tuber vermis (VII)
lobule VII of cerebellar vermis
lobule 7
7th Cerebellar lobule
lobule VII
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2465
refers to a fiber tract of reptiles and birds that is probably homologous to the ansa lenticularis and field H2 of mammals ( Carpenter-1983, Crosby-1962 ).
lateral forebrain bundle
basal forebrain fasciculus
basal forebrain bundle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2466
denotes a horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis based on cranial landmarks. It passes through the inferior margin of the orbits and the openings of the external auditory canals. Also known as the baseline of Reid, it lies10 millimeters ventral to the Horsley-Clarke zero plane ( Carpenter-1983, Winters-1969 ).
Frankfurt zero plane
orbitomeatal plane
baseline of Reid
Horsley-Frankfurt zero reference line
Basihorizontal zeroplane
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2467
denotes a horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis based on cranial landmarks. It is parallel to, and 10mm superior to the orbitomeatal plane, which passes through the inferior margins of the orbits and the interaural line ( Clarke-1920 ). It was the most common horizontal zero plane for brain atlases of nonhuman primates until noninvasive methods, such as ventriculography and magnetic resonance imaging, made it possible to visualize internal landmarks in the living brain. The zero horizontal plane for stereotaxis based on those methods is perpendicular to the midsagittal plane and passes through the bicommissural line ( Martin-2000 ).
Horsley-Clark zero stereotaxic reference
Horsley-Clarke zero plane
Mid horizontal zeroplane
horizontal zero
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2468
refers to a subcellular synaptic structure ( Carpenter-1983 ).
basal lamina
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2469
is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting the type of heterotypic cortex that is distinguished by its relative thickness and lack of granule cells in both the external granular layer and the internal granular layer. For illustrations click 'Internal Structure' for area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). The agranular cortex of the frontal lobe is topologically equivalent to motor cortex in the human ( Brodmann-1909 ), the macaque ( Wise-1985a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
agranular cortex
corteza agranular
agranular frontal cortex
Type 1 of von Economo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2470
is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting the type of heterotypic cortex that is distinguished by an atypical organizatio of granule cell layers. An example is the primary visual area, area 17 of Brodmann (human) where both the internal granular layer (IV) and the external pyramidal layer (III) divide into two or three sublayers ( Brodmann-1909; Crosby-1962 )..
modified granular cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2471
is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting a type of cerebral cortex that is extremely thin and contains primarily granule cells. An example is found in the region of the calcarine sulcus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
koniocortex
Type 5 of von Economo
granulous cortex
hypergranular cortex
coniocorteza
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2472
is a cytoarchitecturally defined term that refers to cerebral cortex in which the six layered composition is distinguished by a thick internal pyramidal layer (V) and external pyramidal layer (III) containing well developed pyramidal neurons ( Carpenter-1983 ).
type 2 of von Economo
frontal type cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2473
is a cytoarchitecturally defined term that refers to cerebral cortex in which the six layered composition is distinguished by a thickened highly cellular internal granular layer (IV) and external granular layer (II) ( Carpenter-1983 ).
parietal type cortex
type 3 of von Economo
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2474
is a cytoarchitecturally defined term that refers to cerebral cortex characterized by its thinness but which has a well developed internal granular layer (IV) and external granular layer (II), both of which contain large populations of cells. This type of cortex is found in the frontal pole, the temporal pole and the occipital pole of the cerebral cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).
type 4 of von Economo
polar type cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2475
is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a dense horizontal plexus of myelinated fibers coursing in the internal granular layer (layer IV) of cerebral cortex ( Crosby-1962, Carpenter-1983 ).
полоска внутренней зернистой пластинки
Stria laminae granularis interna
äußere Baillarger-Streifen
external stripe of Baillarger
outer line of Baillarger
external band of Baillarger
outer band of Baillarger
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2476
is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a dense horizontal plexus of myelinated fibers in the internal pyramidal layer (layer V) of cerebral cortex ( Crosby-1962, Carpenter-1983 ).
internal stripe of Baillarger
inner stripe of Baillarger
Stria laminae pyramidalis interna
innerer Baillarger-Streifen
Stria laminae ganglionaris
полоска внутренней пирамидной пластинкн
inner band of Baillarger
internal band of Baillarger
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2477
refers to axons originating in the cerebral cortex, primarily in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and the cingulate gyrus and projecting to the hypothalamus. They are not readily distinguished in myelin stained sections ( Parent-1996 ).
corticohypothalamic fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2478
refers to a subdivision of the cerebellum based on connectivity. It includes the fastigial nucleus and the vermis of the anterior lobe and vermis of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum with which that nucleus exchanges projections ( Carpenter-1983 ).
zona corticale mediale
mediale Zone
zona vermale
vermal zone of the cerebellum
zona vermicular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2479
denotes a composite substructure of the thalamus based on comparative anatomy. It is found in lower vertebrates. The primate homologue is believed by some authors to include the midline nuclear group and a portion of the intralaminar nuclear group ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Paleothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2480
represents an alternate definition of substantia nigra ( Francois-1984 ).
Substantia nigra (Francois)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2481
represents an alternate definition of substantia nigra that includes the substantia nigra and the parabrachial pigmented nucleus of the ventral tegmental area ( Poirier-1983 ).
Substantia nigra (Poirier)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2482
represents a subdivision of substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).
Subnucleus compactus, pars beta
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2483
represents a subdivision of substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).
Subnucleus compactus, pars alpha
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2484
represents a subdivision of substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).
Subnucleus compactus, pars gamma
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2485
represents a subdivision of the substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).
Subnucleus compactus (Olszewski & Baxter)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2486
represents a subdivision of the substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).
Subnucleus reticulatus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2487
represents an alternate definition of the substantia nigra ( Olszewski-1954 ).
Nucleus substantia nigrae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2488
represents a subdivision of substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Francois-1984 ).
Substantia nigra, pars compacta (Francois)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2489
represents a subdivision of the substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Francois-1984 ).
Substantia nigra, pars reticulata (Francois)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2490
represents an alternative segmentation of the substantia nigra in which the term applies only to a part of the structure. In this case, it refers to the more medial of two parts of the pars reticulata. The other is the pars lateralis of the substantia nigra ( Crosby-1962, Poirier-1983 ).
pars reticulata (Crosby)
Pars reticulata, subnucleus medialis
substantia nigra, reticular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2491
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting a substructure of the superior colliculus that appears to consist of the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus and the middle white layer of the superior colliculus ( Kusama-1970 ).
Colliculus superior, stratum intermedium
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2492
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting a substructure of the superior colliculus that appears to consist of the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus and the deep white layer of the superior colliculus ( Kusama-1970, Riley-1943 ).
Stratum profundum colliculi superioris
Stratum profundum medullare
Fibrae marginalis tecti
strato profundo
Colliculus superior, stratum profundum
Stratum profundum tecti
Stratum profundum quadrigemini anterioris
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2493
is a cytoarchitectural term denoting a substructure of the superior colliculus that appears to consist of the zonal layer of the superior colliculus, the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus and the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus ( Kusama-1970 ).
Colliculus superior, stratum superficiale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2494
denotes a substructure of the medulla that overlaps but is not totally coincident with the raphe nuclei of the medulla of the NeuroNames hierarchy ( Crosby-1962 ).
median raphe
ядра срединного шва
срединный шов
Raphe medullae oblongatae
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495
denotes a composite substructure that includes nuclei in the midline of the reticular formation (classical) of the upper cerebrospinal trunk extending from the caudal medulla to the midbrain. It includes the raphe nuclei of the medulla ( nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus raphe obscurus and nucleus raphe pallidus); the nucleus raphe pontis and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation and the dorsal raphe nucleus and the median raphe nucleus of the midbrain reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). Recent authors include the caudal linear nucleus of the raphe ( Hornung-2012 ) or both the caudal and the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe ( Paxinos-2012 ).
All of the nuclei except the rostral linear nucleus overlap the serotonergic cell groups ( Hornung-2012 ). They are found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). See also raphe nuclei (functional).
Nucleus raphe
núcleos del rafe
Nuclei raphae
Nucleus of the raphe
nuclei del rafe
Nuclei raphes
raphe nuclei
nukleus raphe
Raphekerne
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2496
refers to a cell group located dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).
paraoptic nucleus
Nucleus paraopticus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2497
refers to a composite, fluid-filled substructure of the brain that includes the left lateral ventricle and the right lateral ventricle of the endbrain. Each lateral ventricle connects via an interventricular foramen to the third ventricle. The third ventricle, which separates the left and right parts of the interbrain, connects via the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle. The fourth ventricle, in turn, connects to the central canal of the spinal cord. They are intercommunicating cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid ( Carpenter-1983 ).
sistem bilik
cerebral ventricles
Hohlraumsystem des Gehirns
желудочки головного мозга
innerer Liquorraum des Gehirns
ventricular system
Hirnkammern
ventricular systems
Ventrikelsystem
ventrikulus
ventricles of the brain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2499
refers to major divisions of the embryonic brain ( Anthoney-1994 ).
vesicles of the brain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2500
refers to the extremities of the lateral ventricle. They include the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle, the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle ( Carpenter-1983 ).
horns of the lateral ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2613
refers to an area of cerebral cortex in the macaque that is defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. It is located in the lateral wall and floor of the superior temporal sulcus internal to area OA of Bonin and lateral to area PGa of Seltzer. It differs from area OA in that it has a thinner internal granular layer (IV), a more prominent multiform layer (VI) and its external pyramidal layer (III) is considerably larger than its internal pyramidal layer (V). The part of the OAa located in the floor of the sulcus has a columnar appearance that is different from that in the lower bank of the sulcus. The inner band of Baillarger is better developed than in area OA and the outer band of Baillarger is less compact than in OA ( Seltzer-1978 ).
area OAa of Seltzer
area OAa
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2616
refers to an area of cerebral cortex in the macaque that is defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. It is located in the dorsal bank of the intraparietal suclus. The external pyramidal layer (III) contains fewer type IIIc cells than area PE of Pandya; the internal granular layer (IV) is even less prominent the in area PE; the multiform layer (VI) is more prominent and the plexus of myelinated fibers there is less prominent. It does not correspond to areas defined by previous authors ( Pandya-1982 ).
area PEa of Pandya
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2618
refers to a nucleus of round or oval cells located in the medial part of lamina VII in the spinal central gray of thoracic segments and upper lumbar segments of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is also commonly known as Clarke's column. In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
posterior thoracic nucleus
Stilling's nucleus
Nucleus dorsalis of Clarke
грудное ядро
dorsal nucleus (Clarke)
Clarke's column
dorsal nucleus of Clarke
Stilling's column
Clarke's nucleus
ядро Кларка
nukleus torakal Clarke
Nucleus thoracicus of Clarke
dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord, general
thoracic column
Stilling-Clarke-Säule
nucleo dorsale di Clarke
nukleus dorsal Clarke
núcleo dorsal de Clarke
cell column of Clarke
Stilling-Clarke'sche-Säule
nucleo toracico
núcleo torácico
Nucleus thoracicus posterior
Columna thoracica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2619
refers to the gray substance of the spinal cord. Continuous with the central gray of the medulla, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( NeuroNames ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( NeuroNames ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
spinal gray
grey matter of the spinal cord
spinal cord grey matter
spinal central gray
central gray of the spinal cord
central grey substance
central gray substance of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2620
refers to fibers that exit the spinal cord in the anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
ventral spinal roots
Radices ventrales nervi spinales
ventral roots
ventral root fibers
radice ventrale del nervo spinale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2621
refers to a bundle of nerve fibers located between the posterior white column and the lateral white column and bounded ventromedially by the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
Lissauer's tract
fasciculus dorsolateralis
dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord
zone of Lissauer
tract of Lissauer
Lissauer's marginal zone
posterolateral tract
dorsolateral tract
Tractus dorsolateralis
dorsolateral zone
Zona terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2632
refers to a spinal cord structure ( Dorland-2004 ).
dorsomedial funiculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2633
refers to an oval or fusiform part of the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Gray-1918a; Crosby-1962 ). At its widest it corresponds approximately to the junction of the histologically defined lamina II and lamina III ( Jastrow-2007 ).
Caput cornus posterioris
head of the posterior horn
head of dorsal horn of spinal cord
head of posterior horn of spinal cord
Caput cornuis dorsalis
Caput of dorsal horn
Caput cornus dorsalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2634
refers to a bundle of fibers that arise at all spinal levels, cross the midline, ascend contralaterally in the anterior white column of the spinal cord and terminate in the dorsal accessory nucleus of the inferior olive and the medial accessory nucleus of the inferior olive in the medulla ( Oscarsson-1977; Carpenter-1983 ). It consists of the anterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord and the anterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla.
anterior spino-olivary tract
anterior spino-olivary pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2635
refers to a bundle of fibers that originate at all levels of the spinal cord, ascend in the posterior white column of the spinal cord and terminate in the gracile nucleus and the cuneate nucleus of the medulla, which project in turn to parts of the inferior olivary complex ( Carpenter-1983 ). It consists of the posterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord and the posterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla.
posterior spino-olivary tract
posterior spino-olivary pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2636
refers to the portion of the superior temporal sulcus that does not include the angular sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
sillon paralléle, partie antérieur
superior temporal sulcus main body
anterior superior temporal sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2637
refers to the combination of the angular sulcus and the superior temporal sulcus posterior branch ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
sillon paralléle, partie postérieur
posterior superior temporal sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2638
refers to a superficial feature of the parietal lobe. It is one of two branches of the posterior superior temporal sulcus that occur in some individuals; the other is the angular sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
sillon paralléle, partie postérieur, segment horizontal
superior temporal sulcus posterior branch
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2639
refers to one of two subdivisions of the cortical amygdalar nucleus as identified by multiple criteria. It is located rostral to the other subdivision, the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) its surface is the posterior part of the periamygdalar area of the parahippocampal gyrus on the medial surface of the temporal lobe; internally it extends ventromedially from the medial amygdalar nucleus. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located on the ventromedial surface of the cerebral hemisphere and extends laterally from the medial amygdalar nucleus. The nomenclature, boundaries and internal subdivisions of the structure vary greatly from author to author depending on species and method of identification.
anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala
cortical amygdalar area, anterior part
cortical nucleus of the amygdala, anterior part
anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus
cortical amygdalar nucleus, anterior part
Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis anterior
ventral cortical amygdaloid nucleus, rostral division
anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2640
refers to one of two subdivisions of the cortical amygdalar nucleus as identified by multiple criteria. It is located caudal to the other subdivision, the anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) its surface is the anterior part of the periamygdalar area of the parahippocampal gyrus on the medial surface of the temporal lobe. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located on the ventral surface of the cerebral hemisphere medial to the piriform area. The boundaries and internal subdivisions of the structure vary from author to author depending on species and method of identification. In the human it is divided into the dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus and ventral part of the posterior cortical nucleus ( Mai-1997 ); some authors include an intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus ( Olmos-2004 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) it is divided into a posterolateral cortical amygdalar nucleus and posteromedial cortical amygdalar nucleus.
cortical amygdalar nucleus, posterior part
posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus
cortical amygdalar area, posterior part
posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus
ventral cortical amygdaloid nucleus, caudal division
Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis posterior
caudal VCo division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2641
refers to fibers in the posterior white column of the spinal cord. They make up the semilunar tract in the cervical segments and thoracic segments, the septomarginal tract in the lumbar segments and the tract of Phillippe-Gombault in the sacral segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).
descending branches of the dorsal root fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2642
refers to the white substance of the spinal cord ( Nomina-1983 ).
Substance des Rückenmarks
spinal white matter
Substantia alba
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2643
refers to one of seven parts of the corpus callosum (Witelson). Referred to as 'Region 6', it represents the posterior one-third of the corpus callosum minus the splenium of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ).
isthmus of the corpus callosum
region 6
isthmus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2644
refers to an alternative segmentation of the corpus callosum as defined by dissection. Measurements are based on division of the midsagittal plane of the human corpus callosum into seven parts. The parts are defined by dividing the corpus callosum into halves, thirds, and the posterior one-fifth. Referred to by the author as ‘Regions 1-7’, they are the rostrum of the corpus callosum, genu of the corpus callosum, rostral body of the corpus callosum, anterior midbody of the corpus callosum, posterior midbody of the corpus callosum, isthmus of the corpus callosum and splenium of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ). Although Witelson applied this segmentation to the human corpus callosum, later studies have applied the method to different species, such as the chimpanzee ( Dunham-2006 ) and the capuchin ( Phillips-2007 ).
corpus callosum (Witelson)
human corpus callosum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2645
refers to one of seven parts of the corpus callosum (Witelson). Referred to as 'Region 3', It represents the anterior one-third of the corpus callosum minus the rostrum of the corpus callosum and the genu of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ).
region 3
rostrum body
rostral body
rostral body of the corpus callosum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2646
refers to one of seven parts of the corpus callosum (Witelson). Referred to as 'Region 4', it represents the anterior half of the corpus callosum minus the rostral body of the corpus callosum, the genu of the corpus callosum and the rostrum of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ).
anterior midbody
anterior midbody of the corpus callosum
region 4
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2647
refers to one of seven parts of the corpus callosum (Witelson). Referred to as 'Region 5', it represents the posterior half of the corpus callosum minus the isthmus of the corpus callosum and the splenium of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ).
region 5
posterior midbody
posterior midbody of the corpus callosum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2648
refers to one of two subdivisions of the lingual gyrus, which occur in some instances when the intralingual sulcus is present; the other is the inferior lingual gyrus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
superior lingual gyrus
gyrus lingual, partie supérieure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2649
refers to one of two subdivisions of the lingual gyrus, which occur in some instances when the intralingual sulcus is present; the other is the superior lingual gyrus (human) ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
inferior lingual gyrus
gyrus lingual, partie inférieure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2650
refers to one of several small sulci bordering the superior occipital gyrus ( Stedman's-2006 ). It is a caudal continuation of the intraparietal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
superior occipital sulcus
intra-occipital sulcus
sillon occipital supérieur
sillon intra-occipital
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2651
refers to a vertical gyrus on the medial surface of the occipital lobe at the occipital pole of the human. It is bounded posteriorly by the inferior calcarine sulcus and the superior calcarine sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
gyrus descendens de Ecker
gyrus descendens of Ecker
descending gyrus of Ecker
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2652
refers to the combination of the inferior calcarine sulcus and the superior calcarine sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).
retrocalcarine sulcus
sillon rétrocalcarin
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2653
refers to bulges sometimes visible in the human parahippocampal gyrus medial to the fasciola cinerea and below the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is produced by the heavily folded underlying CA1 field of the hippocampal formation ( Duvernoy-2005 ).
gyri of Andreas Retzius
gyrus d'Andreas Retzius
gyrus Andreae Retzii
gyrus of Andreas Retzius
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2654
refers to the middle part of the superior temporal sulcus ( Shellshear-1927 ).
inferior parallel sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2671
refers to a subdivision of inferior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
bulbocerebellar tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2672
refers to a composite structure that includes the lateral septal nucleus, septofimbrial nucleus and septohippocampal nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral septal complex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2673
refers to a composite structure of the extended cerebral nuclei defined on the basis of embryonic derivation from the medial ventricular ridge. It includes the globus pallidus, substantia innominata, basal nucleus, medial septal complex, triangular septal nucleus, nucleus of stria terminalis, nucleus of the anterior commissure and nucleus of stria medullaris ( Swanson-2004 ).
Pallidum
extended pallidum
pallidum broadly defined
pallidum extended
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674
refers to a composite structure of the extended cerebral nuclei defined on the basis of embryonic derivation from the lateral ventricular ridge. It includes the classical striatum, nucleus accumbens, striatal fundus (rodent), olfactory tubercle, lateral septal complex, anterior amygdalar area, central amygdalar nucleus, medial amygdalar nucleus and intercalated amygdalar nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
Striatum
striatum broadly defined
extended striatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2677
refers to one of three components of the cerebrum. It is a composite structure of the endbrain defined on the basis of origin from the ventricular ridge of the embryonic Encephalon. It consists of the extended striatum and the extended pallidum. The other components of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortex and the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
cerebral nuclei
subcortical nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2678
refers to one of ten subdivisions of the visual cortex (rodent). It is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. It is regarded as topologically equivalent to area 17 of Brodmann (human) ( Swanson-2004 ).
area 17 of Swanson
primary visual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2679
refers to a subdivision of the occipital region of the mouse. It is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture ( Paxinos-2001 ).
area 17 of Paxinos
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2680
refers to one of two ridges in the embryonic Encephalon, the lateral of which gives rise to the extended striatum, and the medial of which gives rise to the extended pallidum ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventricular ridges
ventricular ridge
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2681
refers to the cuneate fasciculus of the medulla, gracile fasciculus of the medulla, internal arcuate fibers and medial lemniscus of the medulla in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ).
dorsal column
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2682
refers to a structure in the midbrain of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ).
dorsal tegmental tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2683
refers to a sulcus in the cerebral cortex of the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
endorhinal groove
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2684
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It contains the medial dorsal nucleus, the perireuniens nucleus, and the submedial nucleus. It is part of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).
medial group of the dorsal thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2685
refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is one of five components of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below). It includes the paratenial nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and the reuniens nucleus of the classical midline nuclear group; it does not include the rhomboid nucleus or the subfascicular nucleus of that group.
midline group of the dorsal thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2686
refers to a pathway that originates in the entorhinal area and terminates in the dentate gyrus and the CA fields. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), part of the pathway originates in layer II of the entorhinal area and projects through the subiculum into the dentate gyrus and the CA3 field of the CA fields. The part that orginates in layer III projects into the subiculum and the CA1 field. In the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), the perforant path originates in layer III of the entorhinal area and projects into the CA1 field, CA3 field and the subiculum ( Witter-2000 ).
perforant path
perforant pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2687
refers to the region between the visual cortex (rodent) and somatosensory areas; it receives inputs from the lateral posterior nucleus and may correspond to the posterior parietal association areas in primates and other mammals ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior parietal association areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2696
refers to fiber degeneration evidence of projections to the right occipital lobe following extirpation of the left occipital lobe in the macaque ( Myers-1962 ).
commissural connections of the occipital lobe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2697
refers to the pulvinar as defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the rhesus macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). It consists of four subdivisions, the inferior pulvinar nucleus, lateral pulvinar nucleus, medial pulvinar nucleus and anterior pulvinar nucleus. The internal architecture of the pulvinar "shows considerable uniformity", thus it is subdivided on a topographical basis. "The basic element... is a lightly-stained cell, medium-sized, multipolar, and plump."
nucleus Pul of Olszewski
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2698
refers to the lateral pulvinar nucleus as defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the rhesus macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). It is one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar. The others are the inferior pulvinar nucleus, the medial pulvinar nucleus and the anterior pulvinar nucleus.
nucleus Pul.l of Olszewski
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2699
refers to a fluid-filled channel that consists of two parts: the central canal of the spinal cord and the central canal of the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
central canal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2700
refers to a cluster of motoneurons located in the anterior gray column of lumbar segments 5 and 6 of the spinal cord in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus of the bulbocavernosus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2701
refers to a group of small neurons located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord at the level of the second sacral vertebra of the rat ( Stedman's-2006; Swanson-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Onuf's nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2702
refers to the embryonic precursor of cerebral cortex. It gives rise to all layers of neocortex and allocortex, except perhaps layer 6b in the rodent. In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it refers to the sum of structures in the mature brain that are derived from the cortical plate, i.e., as a synonym of cerebral cortex excepting layer 6b in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ).
cortical plate
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2703
refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). It is activated by bending of the whiskers (vibrissae).
whisker sensory area
barrel field of the primary somatosensory area
primary somatosensory area, barrel field
barrel field
whisker barrels
barrel cortex
barrel field sensory area
primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2704
refers to the portion of one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).
lower limb primary sensory area
primary somatosensory area, lower limb
lower limb sensory area
primary somatosensory cortex, hindlimb region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2705
refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).
primary somatosensory area, mouth
mouth sensory area
mouth of the primary somatosensory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2706
refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).
nose of the primary somatosensory area
nose sensory area
primary somatosensory area, nose
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2707
refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).
primary somatosensory area, trunk
trunk sensory area
primary somatosensory cortex, trunk region
trunk of the primary somatosensory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2708
refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).
primary somatosensory area, upper limb
upper limb of the primary somatosensory area
primary somatosensory cortex, forelimb region
upper limb sensory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2709
refers to a combination of two structures in the cerebral cortex of the rat: the granular insula, which is known functionally as the visceral area, on the lateral surface of the hemisphere and the infralimbic area on the medial surface near the genu of the corpus callosum ( Swanson-2004 ).
visceral sensory-motor areas
visceral cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2710
refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb, the inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb and the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb.
glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb
main olfactory bulb, glomerular layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2711
refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb, the inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.
outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb
main olfactory bulb, outer plexiform layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2712
refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb, the inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.
main olfactory bulb, mitral layer
mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2713
refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb, the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.
inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb
main olfactory bulb, inner plexiform layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2714
refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb, the inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.
main olfactory bulb, granule cell layer
granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2715
refers to one of three layers of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other two are the mitral layer of the accessory olfactory bulb and the granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb.
accessory olfactory bulb, glomerular layer
glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2716
refers to one of three layers of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other two are the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb and the granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb.
mitral layer of the accessory olfactory bulb
accessory olfactory bulb, mitral layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2717
refers to one of three layers of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other two are the mitral layer of the accessory olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb.
accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer
granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2718
refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); it is located dorsal to the anterior part of anterior commissure and consists of two layers: molecular and pyramidal. The other four parts are the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus.
anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part
dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2719
refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral part ofthe anterior olfactory nucleus, the medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus. The external part is located ventral to the posteroventral part and consists of two layers: molecular and pyramidal.
external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus
anterior olfactory nucleus, external part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2720
refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); it is located lateral to the anterior part of the anterior commissure. The other four parts are: the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus.
anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part
lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2721
refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); it is located medial to the anterior part of the anterior commissure and consists of two layers: molecular and pyramidal. The other four parts are the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus.
anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part
medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2722
refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); it is located ventral to the anterior part of the anterior commissure and consists of two layers: molecular and pyramidal. The other four parts are the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus.
anterior olfactory nucleus, posteroventral part
posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2723
refers to the outermost layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the pyramidal layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and the dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract.
nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, molecular layer
molecular layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2724
refers to the middle layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the molecular layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and the dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract.
nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, pyramidal layer
pyramidal layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725
refers to a composite structure in the cerebral cortex identified by connectivity and function. In the rat it includes the anterior cingulate area, prelimbic area, orbital areas (rodent), agranular insula, retrosplenial area, posterior parietal association areas, temporal association areas, ectorhinal area, perirhinal area, and the hippocampal formation ( Swanson-2004 ).
polymodal association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2726
refers to one of three subdivisions of the agranular insular area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the ventral part of the agranular insular area and the posterior part of the agranular insular area.
agranular insular area, dorsal part
dorsal part of the agranular insular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2727
refers to one of three subdivisions of the agranular insular area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the dorsal part of the agranular insular area and the posterior part of the agranular insular area.
ventral part of the agranular insular area
agranular insular area, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2728
refers to one of three subdivisions of the agranular insular area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the dorsal part of the agranular insular area and the ventral part of the agranular insular area.
agranular insular area, posterior part
posterior part of the agranular insular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2729
refers to one of two divisions of the hippocampal formation (functional) in the rat. It is a composite structure that includes the entorhinal area, presubiculum, postsubiculum, parasubiculum and subiculum. The other division is the hippocampal region ( Swanson-2004 ). See the Functional CNS Model - Rat in 'Models Where It Appears' below.
retrohippocampal region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2730
refers to one of two subdivisions of the subiculum in the rat (Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It consists of three layers. The other subdivision is the ventral part of the subiculum.
dorsal part of the subiculum
subiculum, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2731
refers to one of two subdivisions of the subiculum in the rat (Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It consists of three layers. The other subdivision is the dorsal part of the subiculum.
ventral part of the subiculum
subiculum, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2732
refers to one of three subdivisions of the dentate gyrus in the rat ( Swanson-2004) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the lateral blade of the dentate gyrus and the medial blade of the dentate gyrus. Each of these subdivisions consists of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus.
crest of the dentate gyrus
dentate gyrus, crest
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2733
refers to one of three subdivisions of the dentate gyrus in the rat ( Swanson-2004) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the crest of the dentate gyrus and the medial blade of the dentate gyrus. Each of these subdivisions consists of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus.
dentate gyrus, lateral blade
lateral blade of the dentate gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2734
refers to one of three subdivisions of the dentate gyrus in the rat ( Swanson-2004) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the lateral blade of the dentate gyrus and the crest of the dentate gyrus. Each of these subdivisions consists of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus.
dentate gyrus, medial blade
medial blade of the dentate gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2735
refers to one of two parts of the pallium in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. It is a set of endbrain structures defined on the basis of common embryologic origin from the cortical subplate of the Encephalon. The subplate nuclei include the claustrum, the lateral amygdalar nucleus, the basal nucleus of the amygdala, the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala, the cortical amygdalar nucleus, the dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and, in the rat perhaps, layer 6b of the neocortex. The other part of the pallium is the cerebral cortex ( Swanson-2004 ).
cortical subplate
cortical subplate nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2736
refers to one of two subdivisions of the entorhinal area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) based on internal structure. The other is the medial part of the entorhinal area.
entorhinal area, lateral part
lateral part of the entorhinal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2737
refers to one of two subdivisions of the entorhinal area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) based on internal structure. It consists of two zones, the dorsal zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area and the ventral zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area. The other subdivision is the lateral part of the entorhinal area.
medial part of the entorhinal area
entorhinal area, medial part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2738
refers to one of two subdivisions of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. The accessory basal nucleus is known as the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala. Thus, its anterior part in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004: Franklin-2008 ) is referred to as the anterior part of the basomedial nucleus. The other is the posterior part of the basomedial nucleus.
Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala anterior part
anterior part of the basomedial nucleus
basomedial amygdalar nucleus, anterior part
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2739
refers to one of two subdivisions of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. The accessory basal nucleus is known as the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004: Franklin-2008 ) is referred to as the posterior part of the basomedial nucleus. The other is the anterior part of the basomedial nucleus.
Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala posterior part
posterior part of the basomedial nucleus
basomedial amygdalar nucleus, posterior part
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, posterior part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2740
refers to one of two ( Swanson-2004 ) or three ( Paxinos-2009b ) subdivisions of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala identified by Nissl stain in the rat. The second, reported by both authors, is the posterior part of the basolateral nucleus. The third, if present, is the ventral part of the basolateral nucleus. All three are reported in the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).
basolateral nucleus of the amygdala anterior part
anterior part of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus
basolateral amygdalar nucleus, anterior part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2741
refers to one of two ( Swanson-2004 ) or three ( Paxinos-2009b ) subdivisions of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala identified by Nissl stain in the rat. The second, reported by both authors, is the anterior part of the basolateral nucleus. The third, if present, is the ventral part of the basolateral nucleus ( Paxinos-2009b ). All three are reported in the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).
Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala posterior part
basolateral amygdalar nucleus, posterior part
posterior part of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2742
refers to one of three subdivisions of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala identified by Nissl stain in some strains of rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and in the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). The other two are the anterior part of the basolateral nucleus and the posterior part of the basolateral nucleus.
basolateral amygdalar nucleus, ventral part
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part
ventral part of the basolateral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2743
refers to one of three divisions of the lateral septal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the rostral part of the lateral septal nucleus and the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus. The caudal part consists of a dorsal and a ventral zone each of which has several regions.
lateral septal nucleus, caudal part
caudal part of the lateral septal nucleus
lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2744
refers to one of three divisions of the lateral septal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the caudal part of the lateral septal nucleus and the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus. The rostral part consists of medial, ventrolateral, anddorsolateral zones each of which has several regions.
lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part
rostral part of the lateral septal nucleus
lateral septal nucleus, rostral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2745
refers to one of three divisions of the lateral septal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the lateral septal nucleus, caudal part and the lateral septal nucleus, rostral part.
ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus
lateral septal nucleus, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2746
refers to one of three subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus and the capsular part of the central amygdalar nucleus.
central nucleus of amygdala medial part
central amygdalar nucleus, medial part
medial part of the central amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2747
refers to one of three subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the medial part of the central amygdalar nucleus and the capsular part of the central amygdalar nucleus.
central nucleus of amygdala lateral part
central amygdalar nucleus, lateral part
lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2748
refers to one of three subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the medial part of the central amygdalar nucleus and the lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus.
central amygdalar nucleus, capsular part
central nucleus of amygdala capsular part
capsular part of the central amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2749
refers to one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other four are the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract.
anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus
medial amygdalar nucleus, anterodorsal part
Medial nucleus of the amygdala anterodorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2750
refers to one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other four are the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract.
anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus
medial nucleus of the amygdala anteroventral part
medial amygdalar nucleus, anteroventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2751
refers to one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other four are the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract
medial amygdalar nucleus, posterodorsal part
medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part
posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2752
refers to one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other four are the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract.
medial nucleus of the amygdala posteroventral part
medial amygdalar nucleus, posteroventral part
posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753
refers to one of two divisions of the nuclei of stria terminalis based on topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other division consists of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis. The anterior division includes the anterolateral area of stria terminalis, anteromedial area of stria terminalis, oval nucleus of stria terminalis, juxtacapsular nucleus of stria terminalis, rhomboid nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsomedial nucleus of stria terminalis, fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis, ventral nucleus of stria terminalis, and the magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis.
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division
bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division
anterior nuclei of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754
refers to one of two divisions of the nuclei of stria terminalis based on topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other division consists of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis. The posterior division includes the principal nucleus of stria terminalis, interfascicular nucleus of stria terminalis, transverse nucleus of stria terminalis, premedullary nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal nucleus of stria terminalis, the strial extension of stria terminalis, and the cell sparse zone of stria terminalis.
bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division
bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division
posterior nuclei of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2755
refers to a bundle of fibers that originates in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the medulla, descends ipsilaterally and terminates in lamina VII and lamina VIII of the spinal central gray. It consists of the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the medulla and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Paxinos-2004 ).
ventrolateral vestibulospinal tract
lateral vestibulospinal tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2757
refers to one of two subdivisions of the lateral vestibulospinal tract. The other is the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962; NeuroNames ).
lateral vestibulospinal tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2758
refers to the part of the lateral vestibulospinal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ). It descends in the anterior white column ( Crosby-1962 ). It is a prominent component of the column. Others are the anterior intersegmental tract, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord and the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2759
refers to the portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus located in the spinal cord. The medial longitudinal fasciculus ends in the cervical segments of the cord ( Crosby-1962 ). A prominent part of it is the medial vestibulospinal tract, which contains fibers primarily from the medial vestibular nucleus. The tract is a component of the anterior white column of the cord. Other components are the ventral propriospinal tract, the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord
Tractus vestibulospinalis medialis
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2760
refers to a composite substructure of the spinal white matter that includes the anterior white column, the lateral white column, the posterior white column and the anterolateral white column ( NeuroNames ).
white columns of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2761
refers to the part of olivospinal tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
olivospinal tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2762
refers to the part of the olivospinal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
olivospinal tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2763
refers to the part of the anterior spino-olivary tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
anterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2764
refers to the part of the anterior spino-olivary tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
anterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2765
refers to the part of the posterior spino-olivary tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
posterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2766
refers to the part of the posterior spino-olivary tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
posterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2767
refers to the part of the tectospinal tract in the tectum ( NeuroNames ).
tectospinal tract of the tectum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2768
refers to the part of the tectospinal tract in the pons, where it descends contralaterally in the pontine tegmentum ventral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus ( Hanaway-1998; NeuroNames ).
tectospinal tract of the pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2769
refers to a composite structure that includes the tectospinal tract of the tectum, the tectospinal tract of the pons, the tectospinal tract of the medulla and the tectospinal tract of the spinal cord. The tectospinal fibers originate in the superior colliculus, cross in the dorsal tegmental decussation and terminate in the cervical segments of the spinal cord ( NeuroNames; Hanaway-1998 ).
tectospinal tract
покрышечно-спинномозговый путь
tectospinal pathway
haz tectoespinal
traktus tektospinal
Tractus tectospinalis
tractus tectospinalis
tratto tettospinale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2770
refers to the part of the tectospinal tract in the spinal cord where it descends in the anterior white column ( Hanaway-1998 ).
tectospinal tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2771
refers to the part of the spinotectal tract in the tectum ( NeuroNames ).
spinotectal tract of the tectum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2772
refers to the part of the spinotectal tract in the pons ( NeuroNames ).
spinotectal tract of the pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2773
refers to the part of the spinotectal tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
spinotectal tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2774
refers to the part of the spinotectal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
spinotectal tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2776
refers to the part of the anterior spinothalamic tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
anterior spinothalamic tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2777
refers to the part of the anterior spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ). It is a prominent component of the anterior white column. Others are the anterior intersegmental tract, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2778
refers to the part of the lateral spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
lateral spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2779
refers to the part of the lateral spinothalamic tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2783
refers to the part of the spinothalamic tract in the forebrain where it separates into two components that terminate in various nuclei of the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983; NeuroNames ).
spinothalamic tract of the forebrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2786
refers to the part of the ventral spinocerebellar tract in the cerebellum ( NeuroNames ).
ventral spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2787
refers to the part of the ventral spinocerebellar tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
ventral spinocerebellar tract of the medulla
Tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2788
refers to the part of the ventral spinocerebellar tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
ventral spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2789
refers to the part of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract in the cerebellum ( NeuroNames ).
dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2790
refers to one of two spinocerebellar tracts. Its fibers arise from the thoracic column of the spinal central gray and ascend ipsilaterally in the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord and the dorsolateral fasciculus of the medulla. In the medulla the tract projects into the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle and terminates in the rostral and caudal portions of the vermis of the cerebellum ( Paxinos-2004; Carpenter-1983 ). The tract is composed of three parts: the dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord, the dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the medulla and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum. The other spinocerebellar tract is the ventral spinocerebellar tract.
Tractus spino-cerebellaris posterior
Tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis
dorsal spinocerebellar tract (Flechsig)
traktus spinoserebelar posterior
tratto spinocerebellare posteriore
задний спинно-мозжечковый путь
haz espinocerebeloso posterior
Flechsig's tract
posterior spinocerebellar tract
пучок Флексига
дорсальный спинно-мозжечковый путь
Flechsig's fasciculus
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
Tractus spinocerebellaris posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2791
refers to the part of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2793
refers to the anterior part of the gracile lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).
pars anterior of the paramedian lobule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2794
refers to one of two subdivisions of the pyramis of the vermis; the other is lobule VIIIB ( Madigan-1971 ).
lobule VIIIA
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2795
refers to one of two subdivisions of the pyramis of the vermis; the other is lobule VIIIA ( Madigan-1971 ).
lobule VIIIB
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2796
refers to the anterior part of the superior semilunar lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).
crus Ia
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2797
refers to the posterior part of the superior semilunar lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).
crus Ip
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2798
refers to the anterior part of the inferior semilunar lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).
crus IIa
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2799
refers to the posterior part of the inferior semilunar lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).
crus IIp
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2800
refers to the tract that extends from the medullary core of the cerebellum to the paraflocculus ( Madigan-1971 ).
peduncle of the paraflocculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2801
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum located between lobule III and lobule IV ( Madigan-1971 ).
intracentral fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2802
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum located between folium and lobule VIIIB ( Madigan-1971 ).
intrapyramidal fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2803
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum located between crus Ia and crus Ip ( Madigan-1971 ).
intracrural fissure 1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2804
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum located between crus Ip and crus IIa ( Madigan-1971 ).
intracrural fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2805
refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum located between crus IIa and crus IIp ( Madigan-1971 ).
intracrural fissure 2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2806
refers to the space within the cranium that is occupied by the brain, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid and major blood vessels to and from the brain ( NeuroNames, Gray-1918a ).
intracranial space
cranial cavity
intracranial cavity
Cavitas cranii
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2815
refers to a composite structure of the occipital lobe as defined by topology in the human. It consists of the superior occipital gyrus, the middle occipital gyrus and the inferior occipital gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it consists of the occipital gyrus and the inferior occipital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse
occipital gyri
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2828
N/A
Substantia medullaris fasciolaris
fasciolar white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2838
refers to the part of the lateral reticulospinal tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
traktus retikulospinal medular
medullary reticulospinal tract
medullary reticulospinal fibers
medulläre Fasern
lateral reticulospinal tract of the medulla
traktus retikulospinal medulla oblongata
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2839
refers to the part of the lateral reticulospinal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
lateral reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord
medullary reticulospinal fibers
medullary reticulospinal tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2840
refers to one of three subdivisions of the rubrospinal tract. The others are the rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain and the rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
rubrospinal tract of the midbrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2841
refers to one of three subdivisions of the rubrospinal tract. The others are the rubrospinal tract of the midbrain and the rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2842
refers to one of three subdivisions of the rubrospinal tract. The others are the rubrospinal tract of the midbrain and the rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain ( NeuroNames ).
rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2843
refers to the part of the spinoreticular tract in the pons. Its fibers project bilaterally and terminate primarily in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
spinoreticular tract of the pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2844
refers to the part of the spinoreticular tract in the medulla. Fibers that terminate in the medulla are primarily uncrossed and end upon cells of the gigantocellular nucleus and parts of the lateral reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
spinoreticular tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2845
refers to the part of the spinoreticular tract in the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).
spinoreticular tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2847
refers to the fourth outermost layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus of primates and rodents. Identified by internal structure, it is located between the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus and the middle white layer of the superior colliculus. The remaining layers are the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus and the deep white layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally it is part of the motor superior colliculus in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). In the rat the middle gray layer is further divided into sublayers a, b, and c.
middle gray layer of the superior colliculus
stratum griseum II, mediale
superior colliculus intermediate gray layer
middle gray layer
intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus
intermediate gray layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2848
refers to the fifth outermost layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus in primates and rodents. Identified by internal structure, it is located between the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus and the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus. The remaining layer is the deep white layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally it is one of four middle and deep layers that constitute the motor superior colliculus in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
stratum album mediale, stratum lemnisci
middle white layer of the superior colliculus
superior colliculus intermediate white layer
intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus
intermediate white layer
middle white layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2849
refers to the second from deepest layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus in primates and rodents. Identified by internal structure, it is located between the middle white layer of the superior colliculus and the bottom layer, the deep white layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally it is one of four middle and deep layers that constitute the motor superior colliculus in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
superior colliculus, deep gray layer
deep gray layer
deep gray layer of the superior colliculus
superior colliculus intermediate deep gray layer
stratum griseum III, profundum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2850
refers to the deepest layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus in primates and rodents. Identified by internal structure, it is located between the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus and the periaqueductal gray ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally it is one of four middle and deep layers that constitute the motor superior colliculus in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
superior colliculus intermediate deep white layer
stratum alba profundum
deep white layer
deep white layer of the superior colliculus
superior colliculus, deep white layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2851
refers to one of two potential parts of the trapezoid nucleus in the human. Separated by an indistinct boundary, the other is the lateral trapezoid nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ). The existence of the trapezoid nucleus in the human is disputed ( Bazwinsky-2003 ).
medial trapezoid nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2852
refers to one of two potential parts of the trapezoid nucleus. Separated by an indistinct boundary, the other is the medial trapezoid nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ). The existence of the trapezoid nucleus in the human is disputed ( Bazwinsky-2003 ).
lateral trapezoid nucleus
lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2853
refers to the subdivision of the brainstem tegmentum located in the medulla. It consists of the medullary reticular formation and surrounding nuclei ( Pritchard-1999 ).
medullary tegmentum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2856
refers to one of seven subcortical sensory systems of the cerebrospinal trunk. It consists of three of the circumventricular organs classified on the basis of function; they detect blood-borne substances and send neural signals to other brain structures. They include the organum vasculosum, the subfornical organ and the area postrema ( Duvernoy-2007 ). The other circumventricular organs are classified as secretory circumventricular organs.
sensitive circumventricular organs
sensitive organs
humerosensory system
sensory circumventricular organs
sensory CVOs
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2857
refers to circumventricular organs classified on the basis of function; they discharge neurohormones into the blood stream or ventricles in response to neural input from other structures. The neurohypophysis, the subcommissural organ and, perhaps, the organum vasculosum belong to this group ( Duvernoy-2007 ). The other circumventricular organs belong to the humerosensory system.
secretory circumventricular organs
secretory organs
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2858
refers to a group of cells located in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2004 ) and of the macaque ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is found in the floor of the fourth ventricle, between the nucleus prepositus and the medial vestibular nucleus.
interposed nucleus of the medulla
interpositus nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2859
refers to a dorsal subdivision of the ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ).
medial reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2860
N/A
dorsal reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2861
refers to a composite structure consisting of three nuclei in the dorsomedial part of the medulla beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle. Described in many mammals and birds. It consists of the area postrema, the solitary nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve ( Duvernoy-2007 ).
vagal complex
dorsomedial medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2864
refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial vestibulospinal tract. The other is the medial vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
medial vestibulospinal tract of the medulla
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2865
refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial vestibulospinal tract. It is a component of the ventral white columns of the spinal cord where it is found just ventral to the ventral white commissure ( Jastrow-2007 ). The other subdivision is the medial vestibulospinal tract of the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
medial vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2866
refers to a composite substructure of the cerebral cortex in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. In the rat it includes the motor cortex, the somatosensory areas, the visceral cortex, the gustatory cortex, the olfactory areas (rodent), the auditory cortex, and the visual cortex (rodent) ( Swanson-2004 ).
sensory motor cortex
sensory-motor cortex
sensorimotor areas
sensorimotor cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867
refers to a composite structure in the sensorimotor cortex of the rat. It includes the olfactory bulb, the accessory olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the tenia tecta, the piriform area, the postpiriform transition area, the piriform amygdalar area, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, and the periamygdalar area ( Swanson-2004 ).
olfactory areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2869
refers to one of two components of the central nervous system. It is a type of neural tissue of the brain and spinal cord that, cut fresh or fixed, appears darker compared to the other type, white matter. Gray matter is composed predominantly of nerve and glial cell bodies ( Schiebler-1999 ). In functional models of the CNS it consists of three components: cerebrum, cerebellum and cerebrospinal trunk. It is found in the human, macaque, rat, mouse, and other mammals ( Swanson-2004 ).
basic cell groups and regions
grey matter
graue Substanz
central nervous system gray matter
basic cell groups
Substantia grisea
gray matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2870
refers to one of two components of the central nervous system . It is a type of neural tissue of the brain and spinal cord that, whether fresh or fixed, appears lighter compared to the other type, gray matter. White matter is composed predominantly of myelinated nerve axons, which make up the cortical white matter, tracts and fasciculi of the central nervous system ( Schiebler-1999 ). White matter is found in the human, macaque, rat, mouse.
In functional models of the CNS white matter consists of five components: craniospinal nerves, cerebellar tracts, lateral forebrain bundle system, extrapyramidal fiber systems, and medial forebrain bundle system. ( Swanson-2004 ).
Substantia alba
basic fiber systems
white matter
weisse Substanz
central nervous system white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2871
refers to the outermost layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other layers are the pyramidal layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and the molecular layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract.
nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, layer 3
dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, dorsal cap
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2872
refers to the cerebellar cortex of lobules lateral to the vermis of the cerebellum. Identified by dissection they are present in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-1997 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ).
hemispheric regions
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2873
refers to one of three basic components of the central nervous system (CNS) as defined on the basis of embryogenesis, connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). The other two components are the cerebrum and the cerebellum.
In terms of classical structures, which are defined by dissection on the basis of topology and internal structure, the cerebrospinal trunk includes the interbrain, the midbrain, the hindbrain, and the spinal cord.
The cerebrospinal trunk is composed of three functional systems: the subcortical sensory systems, the behavioral state system, and the subcortical motor system.
cerebrospinal trunk
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2874
refers to one of three basic components of the cerebrospinal trunk of the central nervous system segmented on the basis of embryogenesis, connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ).The other components are the behavioral state system and the subcortical motor system.
The subcortical sensory systems include the set of structures of the cerebrospinal trunk that are primarily involved in processing inputs from the external environment and from internal organs ( Swanson-2003 ). Specifically they include structures of the subcortical visual system, the somatosensory system, the subcortical auditory system, the gustatory system, the viscerosensory system, the humerosensory system and related nuclei of the thalamus.
subcortical sensory systems
sensory system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875
refers to one of three subdivisions of the cerebrospinal trunk. As a part of the central nervous system subdivided on the basis of function and connectivity, it consists of fourteen nuclei. Among the best known are the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the substantia nigra, the pedunculopontine nucleus, the rostral pontine reticular nucleus, the raphe nuclei and the locus ceruleus. For a complete listing click below: Models Where It Appears. Among other functions the behavioral state system is responsible for the intrinsic control of sleep and wakefulness ( Swanson-2003 ). The other subdivisions of the cerebrospinal trunk are the subcortical sensory systems and the subcortical motor system.
behavioral state system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876
refers to one of three functionally defined parts of the cerebrospinal trunk. It consists of eight multinuclear structures, which are involved primarily in the control of external behavior through the somatic musculature and the activity of internal organs through the autonomic nervous system ( Swanson-2003 ). The other subdivisions of the cerebrospinal trunk are the subcortical sensory systems and the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
motor system
subcortical motor system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2877
refers to one of three sets of nuclei of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). The others are the polymodal association thalamus and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (see Models Where It Appears below).
The sensorimotor thalamus includes the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus ventral anterior-lateral complex of the thalamus, the ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus, the ventral posterior complex of the thalamus, the subparafascicular nucleus, the peripeduncular nucleus, the medial geniculate body and the lateral geniculate nucleus the subparafascicular nucleus, the peripeduncular nucleus, the medial geniculate body and the lateral geniculate nucleus,the anterolateral part of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus,.
sensorimotor thalamus
thalamus, sensory-motor cortex related
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2878
refers to a set of substructures of the sensorimotor thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). It includes parts of the classical ventral nuclear group of the thalamus together with the peripeduncular nucleus, and the subparafascicular nucleus.
In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it has five components: the ventral anterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, the ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus, the ventral posterior complex of the thalamus, the subparafascicular nucleus. and the peripeduncular nucleus.
ventral group of the dorsal thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2881
refers to a set of substructures of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function in the functional CNS model ( Swanson-2004 ). It includes the anterior nuclear group, the intralaminar nuclear group and parts of the midline nuclear group, medial dorsal nucleus, lateral nuclear group, and posterior nuclear complex ( see Models Where It Appears below ).
thalamus, polymodal association cortex related
polymodal association thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2882
refers to a set of substructures of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function. It includes the lateral posterior nucleus, the posterior complex of the thalamus, the suprageniculate nucleus, and the posterior limiting nucleus of the thalamus ( Swanson-2004 ). It is part of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).
lateral group of the dorsal thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2883
refers to a set of substructures of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). It includes the nuclei of the anterior nuclear group and the lateral dorsal nucleus of the classical model. It belongs to the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).
anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2884
refers to a set of substructures of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ). One of five components of the polymodal association thalamus. it consists of all nuclei of the classical intralaminar nuclear group except the central dorsal nucleus and the central lateral nucleus; and it includes the rhomboid nucleus of the midline nuclear group.
intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
intralaminar group of the dorsal thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2886
N/A
sensory system, visual
visual sensory system
visual system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2887
refers to a functionally defined set of structures of the nervous system. They process inputs from receptors in the skin, muscles and joints that support: 1) awareness of touch, pressure, temperature, itch, pain and other sensations, 2) identification of objects by touch and manipulation, and 3) smooth movements and postural stability. The structures include somatosensory receptors and somatosensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system and the subcortical somatosensory system and somatosensory cortex of the central nervous system ( Swanson-2004 ).
somesthetic system
somatosensory system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2888
N/A
sensory system, auditory
auditory sensory system
subcortical auditory system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2889
refers to the part of the rostral portion of the solitary nucleus of the medulla that is involved in taste percetion. It is identified on the basis of connectivity and responsivity to stimulation of taste receptors of the tongue and soft palate. In the human and the macaque it includes the gustatory nucleus, which is located laterally in the rostral portion of the solitary nucleus, and in the prefacial extension of the solitary nucleus. It receives taste afferents from the glossopharyngeal nerve and the intermediate nerve ( Pritchard-2012 ). In the rat it is located in the rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
sensory system, gustatory
medullary gustatory area
gustatory sensory system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2890
refers to cell groups in the hindbrain defined on the basis of function and connectivity as receiving neural input from the internal organs ( Swanson-2004 ). They include the parabrachial nuclei of the pontine tegmentum and the solitary nucleus (Swanson) of the medulla.
visceral sensory system
sensory system, visceral
viscerosensory nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2892
refers to one of two parts of the superior colliculus in the functional model of the central nervous system ( Swanson-2004; see Models Where It Appears below). The other part is the motor superior colliculus. The sensory part consists of three layers in the classical CNS model: the zonal layer of the superior colliculus, the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, and the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is found both in primates and in rodents.
superior colliculus, sensory related
sensory superior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2893
refers to the part of the solitary nucleus involved in taste perception in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). Identified by connectivity and response to stimulation of taste receptors, it is considered the sole component of the medullary gustatory area in the rat.
nucleus of the solitary tract, rostral zone of medial part
rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2894
refers to a cell-sparse region located dorsally in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. It contains high levels of melanin-concentrating hormone and hypocretin orexin. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
hypothalamic lateral zone, state related
dorsal region of the lateral hypothalamic area
lateral hypothalamic area, dorsal region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895
refers to a chain of structures in the upper cerebrospinal trunk extending from the medial preoptic nucleus rostrally through the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, descending division of the paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, premammillary nuclei, and mammillary body to the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Functionally it is part of the subcortical motor system. "The rostral segment of this column is involved in controlling ingestive (eating and drinking) and social (defensive and reproductive) behaviors, whereas the caudal segment is involved in controlling general exploratory or foraging behaviors (with locomotor and orienting components) that are required for obtaining any particular goal object." ( Swanson-2000 ).
behavior control column
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2897
refers to seven nuclei in the midbrain, pons, and medulla that constitute a functional part of the subcortical motor system of the cerebrospinal trunk. They include the red nucleus, ventral pontine gray, inferior olivary complex, lateral reticular nucleus, linear nucleus of the medulla, ventral paramedian reticular nucleus, and parasolitary nucleus. Functionally they are part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2900
refers to cell groups located dorsally in the medulla near the fourth ventricle that are part of the system that senses the position of the head in space ( Holstein-2012 ). Found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse, they belong functionally to the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
vestibulomotor regions
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2901
refers to the pontine central gray and embedded nuclei thereof that are functionally part of the subcortical motor system. They include the dorsal tegmental nucleus, the lateral tegmental nucleus, Barrington's nucleus, and the supragenual nucleus. They do not include the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, which is embedded in the pontine central gray but functionally belongs to the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ). All components of the dorsal pontine gray are found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
dorsal pontine gray
pontine central gray, general
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2903
refers to a segmentation of most of the orbital gyri, the straight gyrus, and the anterior cingulate gyrus of the macaque on the basis of internal structure and connectivity ( Carmichael-1994 ). The internal structure was analyzed in three species of macaque using nine histological stains. It is segmented into six subdivisions, which are further divided into 24 primary areas. Each area was shown to differ from adjacent areas by at least three stains. Though all boundaries do not coincide, the areas are named for the most part as subdivisions of prefrontal cortex (Walker) and cingulate areas (macaque).
In the human orbitomedial prefrontal cortex the same subdivisions are found except that area 10 is divided into three parts, the equivalent to area 12 (macaque) is named area 47/12, and an area 32pl is found, which has no equivalent in the macaque. For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse see orbital areas (rodent).
Carmichael's areas
Price's areas
macaque orbitomedial cortex by Carmichael
areas of Carmichael
OMPFC region of Carmichael
orbital and medial prefrontal cortex
orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905
refers to a set of substructures of the hypothalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Functional CNS Model - Rat ). It includes parts of the anterior hypothalamic region and intermediate hypothalamic region ( Swanson-2004 ).
hypothalamic periventricular region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2907
refers to the cell sparse portion of the medial preoptic area in species where parts of the area are occupied by specific nuclei ( BAMS ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial preoptic area proper
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2908
refers to the medial agranular insular area, a subdivision of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior part of the orbital gyri, Iam is one of two areas in the medial agranular insular region. The other is area Iapm (macaque). Iam is differentiated from some neighboring areas by diffuse lamination with no lamina rara revealed by Nissl stain and a band densely stained for cholinesterase in the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its equivalent in the human is area Iam ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.
medial agranular insula cortex
area Iam (macaque)
area Iam of Carmichael
medial agranular insula area
area Iam
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2909
refers to the posteromedial agranular insular area, a subdivision of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior part of the orbital gyri, Iapm is one of two areas constituting the medial agranular insular region. The other is area Iam (macaque).
The lamina rara revealed by Nissl stain is a defining feature of area Iapm. Other significant features are fiber plexi in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) that bracket the lamina rara stained for cholinesterase, and very few cells that stain for parvalbumin. Horizontal fibers in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) also distinguish it from some neighboring areas ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its equivalent in the human is area Iapm ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.
area Iapm (macaque)
area Iapm
area Iapm of Carmichael
posteromedial agranular insula cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2911
refers to a set of substructures of the interbrain grouped on the basis of multiple criteria including connectivity and function. It consists of parts of the anterior hypothalamic region, intermediate hypothalamic region, lateral hypothalamic area and subthalamus. Many neuroanatomists consider this heterogeneous zone to be the interstitial nucleus of the medial forebrain bundle and the rostral end of the reticular formation (functional) ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus
hypothalamic lateral zone, motor related
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912
refers to a composite of twenty six parts, regions and zones of the lateral hypothalamic area defined on the basis of multiple criteria including cytoarchitecture, connections, and function in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related
motor lateral hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2913
refers to a set of cellular substructures of the subthalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat. It includes the zona incerta, the nucleus of field H of Forel and the portions of subthalamus and thalamus overlapped by cells of the dopaminergic A13 cell group. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
zona incerta, general
zona incerta (functional)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2914
refers a set of substructures of the lateral geniculate body grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Functional CNS Model ) by ( Swanson-2004 ).
geniculate group of the ventral thalamus
geniculate group, ventral thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915
refers to a set of substructures of the cerebrospinal trunk grouped on the basis of multiple criteria including connectivity and function. It includes areas of the thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, tectum, midbrain tegmentum, pontine tegmentum and medulla. Functionally it is part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). See also reticular formation (classical).
reticular formation
reticular formation (functional)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2916
refers to a composite substructure of the functionally defined reticular formation (functional). It includes six nuclei classically identified with the pretectal region and the midbrain tegmentum: the olivary pretectal nucleus, the nucleus of the optic tract, the posterior pretectal nucleus, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, the anterior pretectal nucleus and the medial pretectal nucleus. Functionally, the reticular formation (functional) belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
pretectal region
pretectal region (functional)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2917
refers to six groups of large neurons that occupy a large portion of the midbrain of the rat. The largest and most centrally located on each side of the midbrain is the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus. Considerably smaller is the more caudally located ventral tegmental nucleus. Much smaller are the anterior tegmental nucleus and three terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract: the dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, the medial nucleus of the accessory optic tract, and the lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract. Functionally the magnocellular nuclei belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
midbrain reticular nucleus, magnocellular part, general
magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2918
refers to an extensive set of substructures of the cerebrospinal trunk grouped on the basis of connectivity and function. They extend from the hypothalamus rostrally to the lower end of the spinal cord caudally. The 'moto' prefix indicates that their neurons act primarily on the cells of end-organs, such as muscles and glands, rather than other neurons. They are classified into three groups: The neuroendocrine motor zone, the somatic motoneuron pools, and the preganglionic autonomic pools. Functionally they belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
motoneuron groups
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2919
refers to a set of substructures of the anterior hypothalamic region and the intermediate hypothalamic region defined on the basis of connectivity and function. It is composed of two subdivisions: parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups and magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
neuroendocrine motor zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2920
refers to a set of substructures of the anterior hypothalamic region and the intermediate hypothalamic region defined on the basis of connectivity and function. They include the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parts of the neurohypophysis and other nuclei. Functionally they belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
neuroendocrine motor zone, magnocellular
magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2921
refers to a set of substructures of the anterior hypothalamic region and the intermediate hypothalamic region defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat. They include the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Functionally they belong to the neuroendocrine motor zone of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
neuroendocrine motor zone, parvicellular
parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2922
N/A
neuroendocrine motor zone, somatic motoneuron pools
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2923
refers to clusters of neurons in the cerebrospinal trunk grouped on the basis of function. Belonging to motoneuron groups of the subcortical motor system, they are of two types: sympathetic preganglionic pools and parasympathetic preganglionic pools ( Swanson-2004 ).
preganglionic autonomic pools
neuroendocrine motor zone, preganglionic autonomic pools
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2926
refers to one of two subdivisions of the infundibular stem of the neurohypophysis, which extends from the ventral surface of the intermediate hypothalamic region. The other is the external lamina of the infundibulum. Described in the rat, it belongs functionally to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. (The external lamina of the infundibulum belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups.) ( Swanson-2004 ).
infundibulum, internal lamina
internal lamina of the infundibulum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2928
refers to the portion of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus caudal to the preoptic periventricular nucleus and rostral to the intermediate periventricular nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior part of the periventricular nucleus
periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2930
refers to one of two subdivisions of the infundibular stem of the neurohypophysis, which extends from the ventral surface of the intermediate hypothalamic region. The other is the internal lamina of the infundibulum. Described in the rat, it belongs functionally to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. (The internal lamina of the infundibulum belongs to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups.) ( Swanson-2004 ).
infundibulum, external lamina
external lamina of the infundibulum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2931
refers to a group of cells defined on the basis of function as belonging to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ).
efferent cochlear group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2932
refers to one of two divisions of the ambiguous nucleus embedded in the medullary reticular formation and identified by Nissl stain in the rat. The other is the ventral division of the ambiguous nucleus. Functionally it is one of several somatic motoneuron pools in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus ambiguus, dorsal division
dorsal division of the ambiguous nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2933
refers to one of two divisions of the ambiguous nucleus identified by Nissl stain in the rat. It is embedded in the medullary reticular formation. Functionally it is one of several parasympathetic preganglionic pools in the subcortical motor system. The other is the dorsal division of the ambiguous nucleus, which belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus ambiguus, ventral division
ventral division of the ambiguous nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2934
refers to one of two sets of clusters of neurons grouped on the basis of function in preganglionic autonomic pools of the subcortical motor system. It includes the parvocellular oculomotor nucleus, the superior salivatory nucleus, the inferior salivatory nucleus, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the ventral division of the ambiguous nucleus, and the sacral autonomic nuclei. The other set consists of the sympathetic preganglionic pools ( Swanson-2004 ).
preganglionic autonomic pools, parasympathetic
parasympathetic preganglionic pools
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2935
refers to one of two sets of clusters of neurons in the spinal central gray grouped on the basis of function into preganglionic autonomic pools of the subcortical motor system. They include the the thoracolumbar autonomic nuclei, the intermediomedial cell column, the dorsal gray commissure, and the intercalated nucleus of the spinal cord. The other set consists of the parasympathetic preganglionic pools ( Swanson-2004 ).
preganglionic autonomic pools, sympathetic
sympathetic preganglionic pools
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2936
refers to collections of cells in the vicinity of the supraoptic nucleus as defined by Nissl stain in the hypothalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). One such collection is the circular nucleus. Functionally it belongs to magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
accessory supraoptic group
Supraoptic nucleus, accessory supraoptic group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2937
refers to a cortical area defined on the basis of internal structure and located in the hilus of the dentate gyrus in the human ( Duvernoy-2005 ) and the macaque ( Rosene-1987 ). It is not clearly distinguishable in the rat and is often designated as part of the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus ( Amaral-1978 ).
CA4 borders the CA3 field where the pyramidal cell layer of the CA fields enters the hilus of the dentate gyrus and spreads out to occupy most of the hilus ( de No-1934 ). The polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus is clearly distinct from CA4 and serves as its border with the dentate gyrus ( Rosene-1987 ). The internal structure of CA4 is not uniform, the neuronal cell bodies are ovoid, large, few in number and scattered among intertwined myelinated fibers.
CA4 field
CA4 subfield
sub-field CA4
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2938
N/A
alveus of the CA1 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2939
N/A
stratum oriens of the CA1 field
Field CA1 stratum oriens
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2940
N/A
Field CA1, pyramidal layer
Field CA1 pyramidal layer
stratum pyramidale of the CA1 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2941
N/A
Field CA1, stratum radiatum
stratum radiatum of the CA1 field
Field CA1 stratum radiatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2942
N/A
stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 field
Field CA1, stratum lacunosum-moleculare
Field CA1 stratum lacunosum-moleculare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2943
N/A
alveus of the CA2 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2944
N/A
stratum oriens of the CA2 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2945
N/A
Field CA2 pyramidal layer
stratum pyramidale of the CA2 field
Field CA2, pyramidal layer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2946
N/A
Field CA2, stratum radiatum
stratum radiatum of the CA2 field
Field CA2 stratum radiatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2947
N/A
stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA2 field
Field CA2, stratum lacunosum-moleculare
Field CA2 stratum lacunosum-moleculare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2948
N/A
alveus of the CA3 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2949
N/A
stratum oriens of the CA3 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2950
N/A
Field CA3 pyramidal layer
Field CA3, pyramidal layer
stratum pyramidale of the CA3 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2951
N/A
Field CA3 stratum lucidum
Field CA3, stratum lucidum
stratum lucidum of the CA3 field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2952
N/A
stratum radiatum of the CA3 field
Field CA3, stratum radiatum
Field CA3 stratum radiatum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2953
N/A
stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA3 field
Field CA3 stratum lacunosum-moleculare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2954
refers to a subdivision of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. It is formed as 75 to 90% of the corticospinal fibers cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends the length of the spinal cord in the lateral white column ( Carpenter-1983 ).
crossed corticospinal tract
tratto corticospinale laterale
haz corticoespinal lateral
lateral corticospinal tract
corticospinal tract, crossed
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2955
refers to a subdivision of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. It is formed by approximately 8% of the corticospinal fibers that do not cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. In most cases it descends only as far as the upper thoracic segments. This tract is restricted to humans and the higher apes ( Carpenter-1983 ).
anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus
medial corticospinal tract
anterior corticospinal tract
tratto corticospinale anteriore
haz corticoespinal anterior
direct corticospinal tract
ventral corticospinal tract
corticospinal tract, uncrossed
uncrossed corticospinal tract
bundle of Turck
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2956
refers to the broad groove at the junction of the basal endbrain with the medial surface of the temporal lobe in the human ( Goncalves-2005 ) and the macaque ( Meyer-1949 ).
endorhinal sulcus
entorhinal sulcus
sillon endorhinal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2957
N/A
hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2958
refers to a layer of the cerebral cortex that is of lesser visual density than the layers adjacent to it. The cell density is low, so it appears light in cell stains. A well known example is in the rostral entorhinal area, where the lamina rara is sometimes termed a separate layer and sometimes considered part of the layer superficial to it. The term was used by early cortical histologists but is not common today (J. Price, personal communication).
lamina rara
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2960
refers to a component of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of multiple architectonic features. One of two subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex, it is differentiated from the other subdivision, the lateral agranular insular region, by its indistinct lamination, particularly by absence of sublamination of the internal pyramidal layer (V). The medial region is in turn subdivided into two areas: area Iam (macaque) and area Iapm (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
The human has equivalent areas: area Iam and area Iapm ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.
medial region of agranular insular cortex
medial agranular insular areas
medial agranular insular region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2961
refers to a component of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). One of two subdivisions of agranular orbitofrontal cortex, it is differentiated from the other subdivision, the medial agranular insular region, by its distinct lamination into five layers with sublamination of the internal pyramidal layer (V). It has three components: area Ial (macaque), area Iapl (macaque) and area Iai (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
The human has equivalent areas: area Iai and area Ial, and may have an area Iapl (see area Iapl (macaque) ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.
lateral agranular insular region
lateral agranular insular areas
lateral region of the agranular insula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2962
refers to subdivision of a region of the medial wall of cerebral cortex based on cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque. Twelve areas occupying most of the cingulate gyrus are defined and named, largely according to the nomenclature for the guenon in Brodmann-1909 ( Vogt-1987 ). Note that these cortical areas are different, and are described by different authors from the Vogts' areas of Vogts-1919. For a more recent segmentation of these areas see cingulate cortex.
Vogt's areas (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2963
refers to a portion of the posterior cingulate gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). It has three subdivisions: area 23a (macaque), area 23b (macaque) and area 23c (macaque). An equivalent area exists in the human ( Vogt-1995 ). For a more recent segmentation of this area by the same authors later in their studies ( Vogt-2012 ) see area 23.
area 23 (macaque)
area 23 of Vogt (macaque)
area 23
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2965
refers to the lateral agranular insular area, a subdivision of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior portion of the orbital gyri, area Ial is one of three subdivisions of the lateral agranular insular region.
Identifying structural features of area Ial are radial striations observed by Nissl stain in the internal pyramidal layer (V) and two dense bands revealed by Timm stain in the external pyramidal layer (II/III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V). The other two lateral agranular areas are area Iai (macaque) and area Iapl (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its equivalent in the human is area Ial ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.
area Ial
lateral agranular insular area
area Ial (macaque)
area Ial of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2966
refers to the intermediate agranular insular area, a subdivision of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior portion of the orbital gyri, area Iai is one of three subdivisions of the lateral agranular insular region.
A significant structural feature of area Iai is a thick band of cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V) that are immunoreactive for neurofilament protein (by SMI-32 antibody). The area is also distinguished from some adjacent areas by bands stained for cholinesterase in the middle of the internal pyramidal layer (V) and at the boundary of the multiform layer (VI) with underlying white matter. The other two lateral agranular areas are area Ial (macaque) and area Iapl (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its equivalent in the human is area Iai ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.
intermediate agranular insular area
area Iai (macaque)
area Iai of Carmichael
area Iai
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2967
refers to the posterolateral agranular insular area of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior portion of the orbital gyri, area Iapl is one of three subdivisions of the lateral agranular insular region.
Identifying structural features of area Iapl are two bands revealed by Timm stain, intensely in the external pyramidal layer (II/III) and lightly in the internal pyramidal layer (V). The other two lateral agranular areas are area Ial (macaque) and area Iai (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
An equivalent to area Iapl (macaque) has not been reported in the human. Authors of the human study, however, indicate that an equivalent in the human may have been located beyond the portion of cortex they evaluated ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.
area Iapl of Carmichael
posterolateral agranular insular area
area Iapl (macaque)
area Iapl
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2968
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is composed of two areas of orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque): area 10 (macaque) and area 11 (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). The human has equivalent areas: area 10 and area 11 ( Ongur-2003 ). As both are composed of granular cortex, the rat and mouse have no equivalent ( Wallis-2012 ).
rostral orbital cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2969
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of six subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque), where it is also referred to as 'lateral orbital cortex'. It has four components: area 12r (macaque), area 12m (macaque), area 12l (macaque) and area 12o (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some macaque brain atlases divide it into only two parts, a lateral and an orbital part ( Paxinos-2009a ).
Its human equivalent is area 47/12 ( Ongur-2003 ), and some macaque brain atlases now label it area 47 ( Paxinos-2009a ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 12
lateral orbital cortex
area 47
area old 12
area 12 (macaque)
area 12 of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2970
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of six subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, where it is also referred to as 'central orbital cortex'. It is subdivided into four areas: area 13l (macaque), area 13m (macaque), area 13a (macaque), and area 13b (macaque). ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 13 ( Ongur-2003 ). All of its subdivisions except area 13a (macaque) are granular cortex and have no equivalent in the rat. Area 13a, the most caudal of the subdivisions, is agranular ( Wallis-2012 ). For related areas in the rat and mouse, see orbital areas (rodent).
area 13 of Carmichael
area 13
area 13 (macaque)
central orbital cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2971
refers to a portion of the straight gyrus of the frontal lobe defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of six subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. Area 14 is subdivided into two areas: area 14r (macaque) and area 14c (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 14 ( Ongur-2003 ). The more rostral part, area 14r (macaque) is granular and thus has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). The more caudal part, area 14c (macaque) is agranular and may have an equivalent; see orbital areas (rodent).
area 14
gyrus rectus
area 14 of Carmichael
area 14 (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2972
refers to portions of the anterior cingulate gyrus and medial aspect of the superior frontal gyrus defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It together with the orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque) constitute the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). it is subdivided into three areas: area 24 (macaque), area 25 (macaque), and area 32 (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
It is equivalent to the medial prefrontal cortex of the human ( Ongur-2003 ), and, as agranular cortex, may have an equivalent in the rat ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ); see orbital areas (rodent).
medial prefrontal cortex
medial prefrontal cortex (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2973
refers to an area that occupies parts of the orbital gyri and the superior frontal gyrus in the macaque. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is one of two components of the rostral orbital cortex in the orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other is area 11 (macaque). It has two components: area 10m (macaque) and area 10o (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 10, which is segmented differently into three components ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 10 of Carmichael
area 10 (macaque)
area 10
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2974
refers to a part of the orbital gyri that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of the rostral orbital cortex in the orbital prefrontal cortex. The other is area 10 (macaque). It has two subdivisions: area 11m (macaque) and area 11l (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 11 ( Ongur-2003 ). For approximately equivalent areas in the rat and mouse see orbital areas (rodent).
area 11
area 11 (macaque)
area 11 of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2975
refers to a portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of three components of the the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components are area 25 (macaque) and area 32 (macaque). Area 24 has three subdivisions: area 24a (macaque), area 24b (macaque) and area 24c (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
It is equivalent to area 24 in the human, and, as agranular cortex, may have an equivalent in the rat ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ); see orbital areas (rodent) and anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-1998 ).
This description is based on the definition of area 24 as a component of medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It differs somewhat from that of area 24 defined as a component of cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24
area 24 (macaque)
area 24 of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2977
refers to a portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of three components of the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components are area 24 (macaque) and area 25 (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). It is topologically equivalent to area 32ac in the human, but histologically equivalent to area 32pl ( Ongur-2003 ).
pregenual cingulate cortex
area 32 (macaque)
area 32
area 32 of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2978
refers to a part of the superior frontal gyrus at the frontal pole that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 10 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 10o (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Identifying features of area 10m are fiber plexi in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I), the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) that stain moderately for acetylcholinesterase and a second band of neuropil deep in the multiform layer (VI) that stains for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (8b3 antibody). Other features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are radial striations revealed by Nissl stain in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
It is the topological equivalent of area 10m and area 10r in the human ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 10m (macaque)
medial area 10
area 10m of Carmichael
area 10m
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2979
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 11 (macaque) in orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 11l (macaque). Features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are its granularity and a bilaminate internal pyramidal layer (V) as revealed by Nissl stain ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 11m ( Ongur-2003 ). As thin, lightly granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 11m
medial area 11
area 11m (macaque)
area 11m of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2980
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 11 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 11m (macaque). Features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are its granularity and a bilaminate internal pyramidal layer (V) with aggregates of pyramidal cells revealed by Nissl stain and vertical fiber bundles in the external granular layer (II), the internal granular layer (IV), and the internal pyramidal layer (V) as revealed by myelin stain ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 11l ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 11l of Carmichael
lateral area 11
area 11l
area 11l (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2981
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri at the frontal pole that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 10 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 10m (macaque). A significant feature of area 10o (macaque) is the presence of radial striations revealed by Nissl stain in the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal granular layer and the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is the frontopolar part of area 10p ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
orbital area 10
area 10o (macaque)
area 10o of Carmichael
area 10o
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2982
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 12 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 12m (macaque), area 12o (macaque), and area 12l (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some authors divide area 12 (macaque) into only two parts, an orbital part and a lateral part ( Paxinos-2009a ).
Its human equivalent is area 47/12r ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 12r (macaque)
area 12r of Carmichael
area 12r
rostral area 12
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2983
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 12 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 12r (macaque), area 12o (macaque), and area 12l (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). A significant structural feature of area 12m is the small number of vertical fiber bundles. Other features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are a dense horizontal plexus of fibers in the internal granular layer (IV) and a light inner band in the internal pyramidal layer (V). All are features revealed by myelin stain ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some authors divide area 12 (macaque) into only two parts, an orbital part and a lateral part ( Paxinos-2009a ).
Its human equivalent is area 47/12m ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
medial area 12
area 12m
area 12m of Carmichael
area 12m (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2984
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 12 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 12r (macaque), area 12m (macaque), and area 12l (macaque). An identifying feature of area 12o is the sparsity of myelination revealed by myelin stain. Features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are a weakly stained internal granular layer (IV) and lack of sublamination of the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some authors divide area 12 (macaque) into only two parts, an orbital part and a lateral part ( Paxinos-2009a ).
Its human equivalent is area 47/12s ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 12o (macaque)
area 12o
orbital area 12
area 12o of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2985
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 12 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 12r (macaque), area 12m (macaque), and area 12o (macaque). An identifying feature of area 12l is a band of cells in the external granular layer (II) that stain for 8b3 antibody to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Other distinguishing features are large vertical fiber bundles and moderately dense horizontal fiber bundles revealed by myelin stain in the internal granular layer (IV) and internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some authors divide area 12 (macaque) into only two parts, an orbital part and a lateral part ( Paxinos-2009a ).
Its human equivalent is area 47/12l ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 12l (macaque)
area 12l
area 12l of Carmichael
lateral area 12
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2986
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 13 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 13l (macaque), area 13a (macaque), and area 13b (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 13m ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
medial area 13
area 13m of Carmichael
area 13m (macaque)
area 13m
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2987
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 13 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 13m (macaque), area 13a (macaque), and area 13b (macaque). Identifying features of area 13l are: 1) a dense horizontal bundle of fibers stain for myelin in the internal granular layer (IV); 2) bands of cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) stain darkly for neurofilament protein by SMI-32, and 3) dense bands of fibers and cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal granular layer (IV) stain for parvalbumin. Another feature that distinguishes area 13l from some adjacent areas is the presence of large pyramidal cells deep in the external pyramidal layer (III) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 13l ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 13l (macaque)
area 13l
lateral area 13
area 13l of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2988
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 13 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 13m (macaque), area 13l (macaque), and area 13b (macaque). Significant features of area 13a are generally dark staining for acetylcholinesterase, particularly of a fiber plexus in the internal pyramidal layer (V) and a lighter plexus in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I). Other features that distinguish area 13a from some adjacent areas by Nissl stain are agranularity and aggregates of pyramidal cells in a bilaminate internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 13a ( Ongur-2003 ).
area 13a
area 13a of Carmichael
area 13a (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2989
refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 13 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 13m (macaque), area 13l (macaque), and area 13a (macaque). A significant feature of area 13b is the presence of radial striations revealed by Nissl stain in the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal granular layer (IV), and the internal pyramidal layer (V). Another feature that distinguishes area 13b from some adjacent areas is the appearance of vertical fiber bundles in the internal pyramidal layer (V) as demonstrated by myelin stain ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 13b ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 13b (macaque)
area 13b of Carmichael
area 13b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2990
refers to a portion of the straight gyrus segmented on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 14 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 14c (macaque). A significant structural feature of area 14r is the dysgranular appearance compared to the agranular appearance of the adjacent area 14c ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 14r ( Ongur-2003 ). As dysgranular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 14r
area 14r (macaque)
area 14r of Carmichael
rostral area 14
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2991
refers to a portion of the straight gyrus defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 14 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 14r (macaque). An identifying feature of area 14c is a general dark stain for acetylcholinesterase, particularly of fiber plexi in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I), the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI). Another significant structural feature is its agranular appearance compared to the dysgranular appearance of the adjacent area 14r ( Carmichael-1994 ).
Its human equivalent is area 14c ( Ongur-2003 ). For a possible equivalent in the rat and mouse brain see orbital areas (rodent).
caudal area 14
area 14c
area 14c (macaque)
area 14c of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2992
refers to a portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. Located largely in the cortical bank of the callosal sulcus as it curves around the genu of the corpus callosum, area 24a (macaque) is one of three components of area 24 (macaque) in the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components are area 24b (macaque) and area 24c (macaque). Features that distinguish area 24a from some adjacent areas are: 1) its limitation to four layers (lacking the external granular layer (II) and the internal granular layer (IV)); and 2) a homogeneous distribution of fibers that stain for acetylcholinesterase ( Carmichael-1994 ).
This description is based on the definition of area 24a as a component of medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It differs somewhat from that of area 24a defined as a component of cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24a
area 24a of Carmichael
area 24a (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2993
refers to a portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of three components of area 24 (macaque) in the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components are area 24a (macaque) and area 24c (macaque). Features that distinguish area 24b (macaque) from one or the other adjacent area are: 1) vertical striations revealed by Nissl stain in the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal pyramidal layer (V); and 2) few neurons stained for neurofilament protein by SMI-32 ( Carmichael-1994 ).
This description is based on the definition of area 24b as a component of medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque. It differs somewhat from that of area 24b defined as a component of cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24b of Carmichael
area 24b (macaque)
area 24b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2994
refers to a portion of the limbic lobe and medial aspect of the frontal lobe that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. Located largely in the banks of the cingulate sulcus it is one of three components of area 24 (macaque) in the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components are area 24a (macaque) and area 24b (macaque). A feature that distinguishes area 24c from adjacent areas is the presence of many neurons stained for neurofilament protein by SMI-32 ( Carmichael-1994 ).
This description is based on the definition of area 24c as a component of medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It differs somewhat from that of area 24c defined as a component of cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24c
area 24c (macaque)
area 24c of Carmichael
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2995
refers to a portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of three parts of the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components of medial prefrontal cortex (macaque) are area 24 (macaque) and area 32 (macaque). Features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are: 1) intense Nissl staining and lack of sublamination of the internal pyramidal layer (V); and 2) very dark stain for acetylcholinesterase with a light band deep in the external pyramidal layer (III) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
It is topologically equivalent to area 25 of Brodmann (human) and area 25 of Brodmann (guenon) but different from area 25 of Walker ( macaque ), which is located more rostrally.It is equivalent to area 25 classified as part of medial prefrontal cortex in the human ( Ongur-2003 ) and to area 25 as a part of the anterior cingulate cortex in both human and macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). An equivalent in the rat and mouse may be found in the anterior cingulate area (of the rodent) ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).
area 25 (macaque)
area 25 of Vogt (macaque)
area 25 of Carmichael
area 25
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2997
refers to a group of cells located inferior to the lateral dorsal nucleus and medial to the ventral posteromedial nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is part of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).
posterior complex of the thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2999
refers to a group of small cells located at the lateral border of the lateral hypothalamic area just dorsal to the supraoptic decussations in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
parvicellular region of the lateral hypothalamic area
lateral hypothalamic area, parvicellular region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3002
refers to somatic prokoniocortex located in the postcentral gyrus just caudal to the insula. It is defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. The area corresponds to area SII of Woolsey ( Pandya-1973 ).
area proS of Pandya
prostriate cortex
area prostriata
prostriate area
somatic prokoniocortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3004
N/A
cranial nerves, spinal nerves and related
craniospinal nerves
cranial, spinal and related nerves
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3005
N/A
lateral olfactory tract, general
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3006
N/A
midbrain tract of the trigeminal nerve
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3007
N/A
spinohypothalamic pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3008
N/A
spinotelencephalic pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3009
N/A
hypothalamohypophysial tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3010
N/A
cerebellar fiber tracts
cerebellar tracts
cerebellum related fiber tracts
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3013
N/A
thalamus related lateral forebrain bundle system
lateral forebrain bundle system, thalamus related
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3014
N/A
middle thalamic commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3015
N/A
extrapyramidal fiber systems
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3016
N/A
cerebral nuclei related
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3017
N/A
pallidothalamic pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3018
N/A
direct tectospinal pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3019
N/A
crossed tectospinal pathway
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3020
N/A
medial forebrain bundle system, cerebrum related
cerebrum related medial forebrain bundle system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3022
N/A
precommissural fornix, general
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3023
N/A
columns of the fornix
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3024
N/A
medial forebrain bundle system, hypothalamus related
hypothalamus related medial forebrain bundle system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3025
N/A
ventrolateral hypothalamic tract
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3026
N/A
preoptic commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3027
N/A
premammillary commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3028
N/A
propriohypothalamic pathways
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3029
N/A
medial forebrain bundle system, hypothalamus mammillary related
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3030
N/A
dorsal thalamus related medial forebrain bundle system
medial forebrain bundle system, dorsal thalamus related
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3031
N/A
epithalamus related medial forebrain bundle system
medial forebrain bundle system, epithalamus related
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3032
N/A
medial forebrain bundle system, midbrain related
midbrain related medial forebrain bundle system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3033
N/A
cerebral aqueduct, general
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3034
N/A
fourth ventricle, general
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3035
N/A
fourth ventricle proper
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3036
N/A
caudal medullary velum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3038
refers to a portion of the superior temporal gyrus segmented on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the rhesus macaque. This region has two components, the core of the auditory region and the belt of the auditory region, which are subdivided into 14 areas ( Pandya-1973 ).
auditory region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3039
refers to one of two components of the auditory region in the superior temporal gyrus; the other component is the core of the auditory region ( Pandya-1973 ).
belt of the auditory region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3042
N/A
lateral forebrain bundle system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3043
N/A
medial forebrain bundle system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3044
refers to a composite structure in the rat central nervous system defined on the basis of connectivity and function ( Functional CNS Model ) by ( Swanson-2004 ). It includes the following structures: alveus, dorsal part of the fornix, fimbria, precommissural fornix, diagonal band, postcommissural fornix, commissure of the fornix, perforant path and angular bundle.
fornix system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3045
refers to the part of the medial reticulospinal tract in the pons ( NeuroNames ).
pontine reticulospinal tract
pontine reticulospinal fibers
medial reticulospinal tract of the pons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3046
refers to the part of the medial reticulospinal tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).
medial reticulospinal tract of the medulla
pontine reticulospinal tract
pontine reticulospinal fibers
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3047
refers to the part of the medial reticulospinal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).
pontine reticulospinal tract
pontine reticulospinal fibers
medial reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3048
refers to a subdivision of the CA1 field in the macaque. It occupies the dorsomedial part of CA1 and consists of the pyramid-shaped neurons that are smaller and much more densely packed than those in the remainder of CA1 ( Rosene-1987 ).
subfield CA1'
CA1' subfield
dorsomedial CA1' subfield
CA1' subfield of the hippocampus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3050
refers to fibers in the hypothalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
periventricular fibers
Fibrae periventriculares
перивентрикулярные волокна
periventricular bundle of the hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3051
refers to fibers in the midline thalamus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
periventricular bundle of the thalamus
periventricular fiber system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3053
refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial globus pallidus. It is separated from the other subdivision—the inner portion of the medial globus pallidus—by the accessory medullary lamina ( Carpenter-1983 ).
outer portion of the medial globus pallidus
outer portion of the internal pallidal segment
outer portion of the medial pallidal segment
Globus pallidus medialis, pars externa
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3054
refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial globus pallidus. It is separated from the other subdivision, the outer portion of the medial globus pallidus, by the accessory medullary lamina ( Carpenter-1983 ).
inner portion of the internal pallidal segment
inner portion of the medial globus pallidus
Globus pallidus medialis, pars interna
inner portion of the medial pallidal segment
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3062
refers to the unnamed portion of the thalamus in atlases in which the thalamus is not exhaustively segmented. The area designated is not necessarily the same from one atlas to another.
thalamus - not otherwise specified
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3064
refers to a pathway that runs from the medial globus pallidus through the internal capsule, field H2, field H and field H1 to terminate in the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ).
lenticular fasciculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3065
refers to the unnamed portion of the amygdala in atlases in which the amygdala is not exhaustively segmented. The area designated is not necessarily the same from one atlas to another.
amygdala - not otherwise specified
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3112
refers to the main part of the third ventricle. Four other parts are the suprapineal recess, the pineal recess, the optic recess and the infundibular recess.
Corpus (Ventriculus tertius)
body of the third ventricle
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3114
N/A
terminal vein
thalamostriate vein
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3115
refers to a layer of the CA1 field as identified by MRI in the macaque (Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008). It corresponds to the combination of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the oriens layer of the hippocampus in the CA1 field.
layer CA1py
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3116
refers to a layer of the CA2 field as identified by MRI in the macaque (Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008). It corresponds to the combination of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the oriens layer of the hippocampus in the CA2 field.
layer CA2py
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3117
refers to a layer of the CA3 field as identified by MRI in the macaque (Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008). It corresponds to the combination of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the oriens layer of the hippocampus in the CA3 field.
layer CA3py
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3118
refers to a layer of the CA fields as identified by MRI in the macaque (Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008). It corresponds to the combination of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the oriens layer of the hippocampus across the CA1 field, the CA2 field and the CA3 field.
layers CApy
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3119
refers to a group of large cells located in the lateral hypothalamic area of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). They may represent the lateral hypothalamic component of a group of large darkly staining neurons seen by Nissl stain to extend beyond the lateral hypothalamic area into the lateral edges of the medial nuclei of the hypothalamus, the lateral part of the posterior hypothalamic region and adjacent fields of Forel. See: large lateral hypothalamic neurons. Some neuroanatomists regard 'lateral hypothalamic nucleus' as a misnomer of an obsolete concept. The name is a misnomer, because the cells do not form a nucleus, i.e., are not a localized clustering of cells that share morphology, connections or neurotransmitter. The concept is obsolete, because the cells are now known to be distributed well beyond the bounds of the lateral hypothamic area ( Saper-2004; Saper personal communication ).
nukleus lateral hipotalamus
Nucleus hypothalamicus lateralis
lateral hypothalamic nucleus
nucleo ipotalamic laterale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3120
refers to a group of neurons identified by Nissl stain; they are located primarily in the lateral hypothalamic area, but also in adjacent parts of medial nuclei of the hypothalamus, the posterior hypothalamic region and the fields of Forel. They appear in both humans and rats; they are more prominent in the human and more differentiated into subgroups in the rat ( Saper-2004 ).
large lateral hypothalamic neurons
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3121
refers to the cleft between the cerebellum and the medulla identified by dissection ( Mussi-2000 ).
cerebellomedullary fissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3122
refers to a collection of nerve cells identified by Nissl stain located dorsal and medial to the supraoptic nucleus in the preoptic area of the human and macaque . It is sometimes mistaken for a component of the accessory neurosecretory nuclei. It is judged on the basis of galanin-staining to be the primate equivalent of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus in the rodent. The nucleus has been related functionally to male sexuality and to sleep regulation ( Saper-2004 ).
Nucleus intermedius area preoptica
interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus 1
intermediate nucleus
ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
sexually dimorphic nucleus
intermediate nucleus of the preoptic area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3123
refers to the membranous cover of the obex angle at the caudal extreme of the fourth ventricle as viewed on gross dissection ( Crosby-1962 ).
Querbalken
obeks
Obex
Riegel
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3125
refers to a reconceptualization of the classical nucleus of stria terminalis that is based on multiple stains and connectivity. The nuclei include subdivisions of the nucleus of stria terminalis together with groups of similar cells distributed through the anterior hypothalamic region and dorsal part of substantia innominata to the central amygdalar nucleus. Whereas the classical nucleus of stria terminalis is categorized with the septal nuclei ( Andy-1968 ), the current, broader structural concept is assigned to different nuclear groups by different authors. For example, it is classified as part of the extended amygdala ( Heimer-1995 ) and, in the Functional CNS Model - Rat, it is classified as part of the extended pallidum ( Swanson-2004 ). Also, the structure is subdivided differently with partially overlapping terminologies in the human ( six parts in Mai-2004 ), the macaque ( ten parts in Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( sixteen parts in Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( eight parts in Hof-2000 ). In the Functional CNS Model, which is based on the rat, the parts are divided into two groups, the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis and the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis.
bed nuclei stria terminalis (Johnston)
nucleus of stria terminalis
bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
nuclei of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3126
refers to a composite nucleus located rostromedially in the thalamus of the macaque. It consists of two nuclei identified in Olszewski-1952: Nucleus alaris (Olszewski) and Nucleus rotundus ( Ilinsky-2002 ).
nucleus A-Rtd
Nucleus alaris-rotundus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3127
refers to a composite nucleus located in the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus of the macaque. It consists of two nuclei, the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus and the anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus ( Ilinsky-2002 ).
nucleus AM-AV
anteromedial-anteroventral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3128
refers to a composite nucleus located in the midline nuclear group and intralaminar nuclear group of the thalamus of the macaque. It consists of two nuclei identified in Olszewski-1952: the Nucleus centralis superior thalami and the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami ( Ilinsky-2002 ).
Nucleus centralis superior-inferior
nucleus CS-CI
Nucleus centralis superior-centralis inferior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3129
refers to a composite part of the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus in the macaque. It includes the magnocellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus and the parvicellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus ( Ilinsky-2002 ).
magno-parvicellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus
mediodorsal nucleus, pars magno- and parvicellularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3130
refers to a composite structure in the midline nuclear group of the thalamus in the macaque. It includes the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and the paratenial nucleus ( Ilinsky-2002 ).
Nucleus paraventricularis-parataenialis
nucleus PV-PT
paraventricular-paratenial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3131
refers to the unnamed portion of the basal nucleus of the amygdala in atlases in which the basal nucleus of the amygdala is not fully segmented. The structure is not necessarily the same in different atlases.
basal nucleus of the amygdala - not otherwise specified
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3132
refers to a composite structure of the endbrain as defined by dissection or stains for Nissl substance and myelin. It includes white matter located between subcortical structures and the cerebral cortex, namely: frontal white matter, parietal white matter, temporal white matter, occipital lobe white matter, limbic white matter and semioval center ( NeuroNames ).
cortical white matter
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3133
refers to those areas of the neocortex that retain into adulthood the homogeneous six- layered internal structure of neocortex in the third trimester of gestation. It is contrasted to heterotypic cortex, which is neocortex that does not retain the fetal six-layered pattern. By far the majority of neocortical areas remain homotypic ( Brodmann-1909 ).
homotypisch Isocortex
área homotípica
eulaminate cortex
homotypic cortex
homotypical cortex
homotypical formations
homotypische Formationen
homotypisch Neokortex
corteza homotípica
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3134
refers to the reciprocal pathways, or 'loops', of neuronal fibers that run in the thalamocortical radiations to interconnect specific nuclei of the thalamus with specific areas of neocortex. Some involve connections through nuclei of the basal ganglia. In mammals they constitute the major part of the brain. ( Scholarpedia ).
thalamocortical loop
thalamocortical system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3135
usually refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain one of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine ( Fuxe-1970 ) or epinephrine ( Kitahama-1994 ). Thus, it represents the combination of catecholaminergic cell groups and serotonergic cell groups .
monoamine cell groups
monoamine-containing cell groups
monoaminergic cell groups
monoaminergic nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3136
refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain one of the neurotransmitters dopamine or norepinephrine. Thus, it represents the combination of dopaminergic cell groups and noradrenergic cell groups ( Fuxe-1970 ). Some authors include in this category 'putative' adrenergic cell groups, collections of neurons that stain for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin) ( Kitahama-1994 ).
catecholamine cell groups
catecholamine-containing cell groups
catecholaminergic nuclei
catecholaminergic cell groups
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137
refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ( Fuxe-1970 ). The serotonergic cell groups are named B1 cell group, B2 cell group, B3 cell group, B4 cell group, B5 cell group, B6 cell group, B7 cell group, B8 cell group, and B9 cell group ( Felten-1983 ). Since they are for the most part localized to classical brainstem nuclei, particularly the raphe nuclei (classical), they are more often referred to by the names of those nuclei than by the B1-9 nomenclature.
serotonergic nuclei
5-HT cell groups
serotonin nuclei
serotonergic cell groups
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138
refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter dopamine ( Fuxe-1970 ). They are named A8 cell group, A9 cell group, A10 cell group, A11 cell group, A12 cell group, A13 cell group, A14 cell group, A15 cell group, A16 cell group, A17 cell group ( Smeets-1994 ), Aaq cell group ( Felten-1983 ) and telencephalic DA cell group ( Dubach-1994 ).
dopaminergic cell groups
DA cell groups
dopaminergic nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139
refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin) ( Fuxe-1970 ). They are named A1 cell group, A2 cell group, A4 cell group, A5 cell group, A6 cell group, A7 cell group ( Smeets-1994 ), A6sc cell group ( German-1975 ) and Acg cell group ( Felten-1983 ).
noradrenergic nuclei
noradrenergic cell groups
NA cell groups
NE cell groups
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3140
refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that stain for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin). Thus, it is postulated that the neurotransmitter they produce may be epinephrine (adrenalin) . Located in the medulla, they are named C1 cell group, C2 cell group, and C3 cell group ( Smeets-1994 ).
adrenergic cell populations
adrenergic cell groups
adrenergic nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3141
refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial part of the entorhinal area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) The other is the ventral zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area.
entorhinal area, medial part, dorsal zone, layers 1-6
dorsal zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area
Entorhinal area, medial part, dorsal zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3142
refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial part of the entorhinal area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) The other is the dorsal zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area.
Entorhinal area, medial part, ventral zone
ventral zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area
entorhinal area, medial part, ventral zone [Haug]
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3143
refers to one of two divisions of the anterior hypothalamic area as defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is not found in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It differs from the other division, the anterior hypothalamic area proper, in that the cellular distribution is more compact. In the rat and mouse the nucleus is composed of four parts: the anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, the posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior hypothalamic area
anterior hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3144
refers to a portion of the anterior hypothalamic area of the macaque defined on the basis of Nissl stain ( Paxinos-2009 ).
anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3145
refers to a collection of cells in the medial preoptic area demonstrated by Nissl stain in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is not found in the human ( Saper-2004 ). It is divided into a medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus and lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus in all three species. The rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ) have a central part of the medial preoptic nucleus as well. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial preoptic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3146
refers to one of two or three parts of the medial preoptic nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). All three species have a medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus. The rat and the mouse have in addition a central part of the medial preoptic nucleus. Functionally the medial preoptic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus
medial preoptic nucleus, lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3147
refers to one of two or three parts of the medial preoptic nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). All three species have a lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus. The rat and the mouse have in addition a central part of the medial preoptic nucleus. Functionally the medial preoptic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus
medial preoptic nucleus, medial part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3148
refers to one of three parts of the medial preoptic nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus and the lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus. Functionally the medial preoptic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial preoptic nucleus, central part
central part of the medial preoptic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3149
refers to one of two divisions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl and vasopressin stains in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is distinguishable by stain for vasopressin in the human, but not by Nissl stain ( Saper-2012 ). The other is the core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
dorsal part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsomedial region
shell of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part
suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsal part
suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsolateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3150
refers to one of two divisions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009 ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is distinguishable by failure to stain for vasopressin in the human, but not by Nissl stain ( Saper-2012 ). The other is the doral part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The other is the shell of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus, ventromedial part
core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
suprachiasmatic nucleus, ventral part
suprachiasmatic nucleus, ventrolateral region
ventral part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3151
refers to one of two parts of the supraoptic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the human ( Mai-1997 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Also called 'supraoptic nucleus proper', it is located at the lateral boundary of the hypothalamus. It extends from the anterior hypothalamic region, where it lies dorsal to the optic chiasm, into the intermediate hypothalamic region, where it moves laterally to the dorsolateral surface of the optic tract. The other part is the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus. Functionally both belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsolateral part of the supraoptic nucleus
supraoptic nucleus, dorsolateral part
supraoptic nucleus, proper
supraoptic nucleus proper
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3152
refers to one of two parts of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in some humans ( Saper-2004 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ); it is one of four parts in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Another part in both primates and rodents is the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus. The remaining parts in the rat and mouse are the anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus and the central part of the ventromedial nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, dorsomedial part
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part
dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3153
refers to one of two parts of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in some humans ( Saper-2004 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ); it is one of four parts in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Another part in both primates and rodents is the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus. The remaining parts in the rat and mouse are the anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus and the central part of the ventromedial nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, ventrolateral part
ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventrolateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3154
refers to one of four parts of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is defined on the basis of Nissl stain. The other parts in the rat and mouse are the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus, the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus and the central part of the ventromedial nucleus. The anterior and central parts are not distinguished in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part
anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, anterior part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3155
refers to one of four parts of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is defined on the basis of Nissl stain. The other parts are the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus, the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus and the anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus. The anterior and central parts are not distinguished in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, central part
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, central part
central part of the ventromedial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3156
refers to a composite structure of three cell groups found in the posterior hypothalamic region of the rat. It is defined on the basis of large oval cells that stain darkly for Nissl substance and also stain by immunohistochemistry for GAD and Met-Enk-Arg6-Phe7 heptapeptide. The cell groups include the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus, the dorsal tuberomammillary nucleus and the diffuse tuberomammillary nucleus. Together they form a 'shell' around ventral parts of the ventral premammillary nucleus, the lateral mammillary nucleus and the medial mammillary nucleus ( Koehler-1985 ). Functionally they are part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
caudal magnocellular nuclei
tuberomammillary complex
tuberomammillary nucleus
magnocellular tuberomammillary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3157
refers to three overlapping anatomical concepts. Histologists and neurophysiologists tend to mean the CA fields ( Nomina-1983 ), also known as 'hippocampus proper', to designate most precisely the location of their cells of interest. Psychologists, neuroimagers and neurosurgeons tend to mean the hippocampal formation, which includes the CA fields, the dentate gyrus, the subiculum and associated white matter structures ( Crosby-1962 ), because that is the level of anatomical resolution that correlates best with the functions that interest them. Comparative anatomists and biologists tend to use the term to mean the entire archicortex, which includes the hippocampal formation, the fasciola cinerea, the supracallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus, because all of those structures develop from the same part of the embryonic brain ( Stephan-1975 ). Click the one that you have in mind.
hippocampus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3158
refers to the central of three components of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei that are identifiable by Nissl stain in the posterior hypothalamic region of the rat. It consists of large darkly stained neurons scattered across parts of the posterior periventricular nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area and the ventral premammillary nucleus between the other two components of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei: the dorsal tuberomammillary nucleus dorsomedially and the tuberomammillary nucleus ventrolaterally ( Koehler-1985 ).
diffuse part of the tuberomammillary nucleus
diffuse tuberomammillary nucleus
tuberomammillary nucleus, diffuse part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3159
refers to a cell column within the posterior gray column of the spinal cord of the rat. Identified by Nissl stain, it is located laterally in the basal nucleus of the dorsal horn, general ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral spinal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3160
refers to a composite structure in the precentral gyrus defined on the basis of connectivity in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). It consists of areas in the caudal part of the gyrus that receive their primary input from the parietal lobe: the primary motor cortex (F1), the caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex (F2), the SMA proper (F3) and the ventral premotor cortex (F4 and F5). It is contrasted to the prefronto-dependent motor areas, which receive primary input from the prefrontal cortex (macaque).
parieto-dependent motor areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3161
refers to a composite structure in the precentral gyrus defined on the basis of connectivity in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). It consists of areas in the rostral part of the gyrus that receive their primary input from the prefrontal cortex (macaque): pre-SMA (F6) and the rostral part of dorsal premotor cortex (F7). It is contrasted to the parieto-dependent motor areas, which receive primary input from the parietal lobe.
prefronto-dependent motor areas
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3162
refers to the vertical axis of the human brain in Talairach space. It passes through the caudal-most point of the anterior commissure in the midline as viewed by ventriculography. It lies in the mid-sagittal plane and is perpendicular to the bicommissural line, which in Talairach space passes through the most dorsal point of the anterior commissure and most ventral point of the posterior commissure in the mid-sagittal plane ( Talairach-1988 ). The Talairach coordinate system is widely used in human MRI studies.
In other stereotaxic frameworks, particularly for research on the macaque, the origin is placed at the center of the anterior commissure with the bicommissural line passing through the center of the posterior commissure ( Bowden-2000 ); or the origin is located at the intersection of the interaural line with the mid-sagittal plane ( Paxinos-2000 ).
VCA line
verticofrontal line
Y Axis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3163
refers to one of three areas of premotor cortex defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function in the human and the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). In the human it is located in the caudal parts of the inferior frontal gyrus including portions of the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. It is identified with the inferior part of area 6 of Brodmann (human), area 44 of Brodmann and possibly area 45 of Brodmann. In the macaque the ventral premotor cortex is located in the inferior portion of the precentral gyrus. It is identified with the inferior part of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) that is not occupied by primary motor cortex, and it is composed of two parts: the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (PMVr) and the caudal part of ventral premotor cortex (PMVc). These structures are involved in: 1) the motor aspect of speech,as Broca's area in the human; 2) hand movements in both human and macaque; and 3) recognition of hand movements made by another individual ( mirror function ) in both species. The other components of premotor cortex are the dorsal premotor cortex and the mesial premotor cortex.
area PMV
ventral premotor cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3164
refers to one of three areas of premotor cortex defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function in the human and the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located in the rostral part of the precentral gyrus and caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus, In both species it is also associated with the superior part of area 6a of Vogts and subdivided into the caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex and rostral part of dorsal premotor cortex. The other components of premotor cortex are the ventral premotor cortex and the mesial premotor cortex.
area PMD
superior area 6
dorsal premotor cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3165
refers to the more anterior of two areas of ventral premotor cortex defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). Electrical stimulation of the area elicits coordinated goal-directed motor acts of the hand and/or mouth. Neuronal firing there is associated with visual inputs and motor actions toward three-dimensional objects. It consists of two sectors: area F5ab and area F5c. The other area is the caudal part of ventral premotor cortex (area F4).
area PMVr
ventral premotor cortex, rostral part
rostral part of ventral premotor cortex
area F5
ventral sector of area 6, rostral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3166
refers to the more posterior of two areas of ventral premotor cortex defined in the precentral gyrus of the macaque on the basis of internal structure, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). Electrical stimulation of the area elicits movements of the upper body: arms, neck, face and mouth. Neurons in the area fire in response to touch and to visual stimuli. The response fields of neurons that respond to stimuli of both modalities cover the same body part(s) regardless of the direction of gaze. Some fire during arm movements toward or a way from the body, others during movements of the face and mouth. The caudal part of the ventral premotor cortex in the macaque is also known as area F4. The more anterior area is the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (area F5).
area PMVc
area F4
ventral premotor cortex, caudal part
ventral sector of area 6, caudal part
caudal part of ventral premotor cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3167
refers to one of three areas of premotor cortex defined on the basis of internal structure, neurochemistry, connections and function in the human and the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located on the mesial surface of the rostral part of the precentral gyrus and caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus. It is associated with the mesial part of area 6a of Vogts (mesial part of area 6 of Brodmann). It is divided into two parts: pre-SMA, which is involved in the sequencing of movements and SMA proper, which is involved in the execution of movements. The other components of premotor cortex are the dorsal premotor cortex and the ventral premotor cortex.
mesial premotor area
mesial area 6
mesial premotor cortex
supplementary motor area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3168
refers to one of two sectors of the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex in the precentral gyrus; it is defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The other is area F5c. Located in the posterior bank of the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus, area F5ab contains cells that contribute to the corticospinal tract. It's neurons are active during the viewing of three-dimensional objects suitable for grasping or manipulation and with the act of grasping or manipulation, but not with the individual muscle movements involved in the act. Area F5ab receives inputs primarily from area AIP of the parietal lobe; it receives relatively little input from prefrontal cortex (macaque).
area F5ab
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3169
refers to one of two sectors of the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex in the precentral gyrus; it is defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The other is area F5ab. Area F5c is located in the convexity of the precentral gyrus immediately adjacent to the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and is considered the macaque equivalent of Broca's area in the human. The predominant input to area F5c is from area PT of the parietal lobe. It's involvement in motor acts is similar to that of area F5ab. It's visual function, however, is quite different. During observation of another animal performing an act, such as grasping an object, the same cells are activated as when the animal itself performs the act, the 'mirror neuron' phenomenon. Unlike cells in F5ab, cells in F5c do not respond during observation of the object alone.
F5 of the cortical convexity
area F5c
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3170
refers to the more posterior of two sectors of dorsal premotor cortex in the macaque and the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located in the dorsal and rostral part of the precentral gyrus. In the human it comprises the dorsolateral part of area 6a alpha of Vogts. In the macaque it surrounds the superior precentral sulcus and is associated with area F2, which is subdivided into area F2d and area F2vr. The other sector is the rostral part of dorsal premotor cortex.
caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex
dorsal sector of area 6, caudal part
area F2
area PMDc
dorsal premeotor cortex, caudal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3171
refers to the more medial of two areas of the caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex (F2) in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). As the larger part, it surrounds the superior precentral sulcus in the precentral gyrus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function. Its primary inputs are from area PEC and area PEip; it receives little or no input from prefrontal cortex (macaque). Most neurons are responsive to proprioceptive somatosensory stimuli. Electrical stimulation of the area medial to the sulcus elicits leg movements; stimulation lateral to it elicits arm movements. The more ventral and rostral of the two areas is area F2vr.
F2 dimple
area F2d
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3172
refers to the more ventral and rostral of two areas of the caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex (F2) in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The smaller of the two, it occupies the ventrorostral corner of the caudal part. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function. Its major inputs are from area MIP and area V6A with a minor projection from area 46 of Walker. Neurons there respond to visual and tactile as well as proprioceptive stimulation. Individual neurons integrate information about target location and the arm to be used in a reaching task. The more dorsal of the two areas is area F2d.
area F2vr
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3173
refers to a vertical line through the posterior commissure of the human brain in Talairach space ( Matelli-2004 ). It lies in the mid-sagittal plane and is perpendicular to the bicommissural line, which in Talairach space passes through the most dorsal point of the anterior commissure and most ventral point of the posterior commissure in the mid-sagittal plane ( Talairach-1988 ). The Talairach coordinate system is widely used in human MRI studies. See also VCA line.
VCP line
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3174
refers to the more anterior of two sectors of dorsal premotor cortex in the macaque and the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located in the caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus. In the human it comprises the dorsolateral part of area 6a beta of Vogts. In the macaque it is associated with area F7, which contains the supplementary eye field. It's primary input is from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Some neurons fire in response to visual stimuli unrelated to motor responses. Some respond to stimuli that match the target of an intentional arm movement. That finding, together with the observation that a lesion of the area eliminates performance of a learned arm response in the absence of other motor impairment suggests that it mediates working memory for spatial position in conditioned stimulus-response association tasks. The other sector is the caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex.
area F7
dorsal sector of area 6, rostral part
dorsal premotor cortex, rostral part
rostral part of dorsal premotor cortex
area PMDr
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3175
refers to an area within the rostral part of dorsal premotor cortex that is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function in macaque and the human ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located in the caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus. In the human it is within the dorsolateral part of area 6a beta of Vogts. In the macaque it is within area F7. Micro-electrical stimulation in the area elicits saccadic eye movements. It, possibly together with area F2vr, is considered to be involved in encoding saccadic eye movements relative to the location of observed objects and to monitoring the consequences of eye movements.
supplementary eye field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3176
refers to the more posterior of two parts of mesial premotor cortex in the macaque and the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, neurochemistry, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located on the mesial surface rostrally in the precentral gyrus. In the human it extends to the VCA line caudally in the superior frontal gyrus; in the macaque it occupies more of the precentral gyrus and less of the superior frontal gyrus than in the human. It is associated with area 6a alpha of Vogts. In the macaque it is also known as area F3. Its major input is from the adjacent dorsal part of the anterior cingulate gyrus, and the posterior mesial part of the superior parietal lobule (area PECg). It is more activated with the performance of simple motor tasks than in motor tasks requiring selection between actions. Electrical stimulation elicits multi-joint movements of the proximal, postural musculature more than of distal musculature. Unlike primary motor cortex, the parts of SMA proper mediating movements of different body parts overlap, but, as in primary motor cortex, there exists a rostrocaudal face-arm-leg gradient. It is proposed to control motor function globally by mediating postural adjustments appropriate to simple actions and in executing automatic motor sequences. In the human, the SMA proper is subdivided into to two areas: a rostral area SMAr and a more caudal area SMAc. The more anterior part of mesial premotor cortex itself is the pre-SMA.
area F3
supplementary motor area (M II)
area motoria supplementare
supplementary motor area
supplementär-motorischer Kortex
SMA proper
area motorik suplementar
supplementary motor cortex
korteks motorik suplementar
área motora suplementaria (MII)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3177
refers to the more anterior of two parts of mesial premotor cortex in the human and the macaque. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located caudally on the mesial surface of the superior frontal gyrus. In the human it is associated with area 6a beta of Vogts, and its posterior boundary correlates with the VCA line; in the macaque it is known as area F6.
Unlike other parts of motor cortex, whose primary inputs are from visual and somatosensory areas of the parietal lobe, the pre-SMA in the macaque has primary inputs from area 46 of Walker (caudal parts of the middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus) and banks of the anterior cingulate sulcus as well. It is regarded as a convergence zone for inputs from working memory, motivation and perception as triggers of complex actions.
Stimulation of the area in the human can be associated with a conscious urge to move the arm or a sense that it is about to move. The area is activated as a person decides the direction of an action, such as a finger movement, in a task where any of several directions is appropriate. It is involved in learning sequential movement patterns. For example, the hand area is activated in a pianist playing an unfamiliar piece, whereas the SMA proper is activated as he plays much-practiced scales. The area is activated when a person holds in mind the appropriate response to a stimulus until the opportunity to respond arrives ( Geyer-2012 ). The more posterior part of mesial premotor cortex is SMA proper.
preSMA
area F6
pre-SMA
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3178
refers to an area located caudally on the mesial surface of the superior frontal gyrus in the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure and function ( Matelli-2004 ). It is the more rostral of two parts of the SMA proper. It is activated when one imagines making a movement, such as a finger tap; observing another person make the same movement; or performing the movement repeatedly in a rhythm unassisted by external stimulation, as by a metronome. The other part of SMA proper is caudal SMA proper.
rostral SMA proper
area SMAr
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3179
refers to an area located caudally on the mesial surface of the superior frontal gyrus in the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure and function ( Matelli-2004 ). The more caudal of two parts of the SMA proper, it is activated with the performance of a simple movement, such as a finger tap, in response to an unambiguous stimulus, such as a metronome. The other part of SMA proper is rostral SMA proper.
area SMAc
caudal SMA proper
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3180
refers to an area at the caudal extreme of the anterior cingulate gyrus that is defined on the basis of internal structure. It is the part of the posterior midcingulate cortex located caudal to area a24c' and rostral to area 23c in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). In the human it is divided into to subareas: area p24dv in the ventral bank of the cingulate sulcus and area p24dd in the dorsal bank. In the macaque it is distinguishable from area a24c' by: 1) larger cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V), 2) cells of medium size in the lower part of the external pyramidal layer (III), 3) a more prominent columnar pattern, and 4) greater myelinization with a horizontal plexus ( Matelli-1991 ).
area 24d
area p24d
gigantopyramidal field
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3182
refers to one of two parts of the inferior precentral sulcus identified by dissection in the human ( Matelli-2004 ). The other part is the descending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus. Located caudally in the frontal lobe, it is the portion that extends dorsally from the intersection of the vertical inferior precentral sulcus with the horizontal inferior frontal sulcus. It is the boundary between the precentral gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. It is not found in the macaque.
ascending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3183
refers to one of two parts of the inferior precentral sulcus identified by dissection in the human ( Matelli-2004 ). The other part is the ascending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus. Located caudally in the frontal lobe, it is the portion that extends dorsally from the intersection of the vertical inferior precentral sulcus with the horizontal inferior frontal sulcus. It is the boundary between the precentral gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. It is not found in the macaque.
descending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3184
refers to the more anterior of two parts of primary motor cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and neurotransmitter binding in the human ( Matelli-2004 ). The other part is area 4p of Geyer. The relation of area 4a to the rostral sector of primary motor cortex, which is defined in the macaque on the basis of function and connectivity, is undetermined. It is not related to area 4a of Vogts, which is one of three subdivisions defined by other criteria.
area 4a
area 4a of Geyer
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3185
refers to the more posterior of two parts of primary motor cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and neurotransmitter binding in the human ( Matelli-2004 ). The more anterior part is area 4a of Geyer. The relation of area 4p to the caudal sector of primary motor cortex, which is defined in the macaque on the basis of function and connectivity, is undetermined.
area 4p of Geyer
area 4p
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3186
refers to the more anterior of two parts of primary motor cortex defined on the basis of function and connectivity in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The more posterior part is the caudal sector of primary motor cortex. The relation of the rostral sector to area 4a of Geyer in the human is undetermined.
rostral sector of primary motor cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3187
refers to the more posterior of two parts of primary motor cortex defined on the basis of function and connectivity in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The more anterior part is the rostral sector of primary motor cortex. The relation of the caudal sector to area 4p of Geyer in the human is undetermined.
caudal sector of primary motor cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3188
refers to a venous channel that runs in the junction of the posterior falx cerebri and the cerebellar tentorium ( Ranson-1959 ). It is identified by dissection.
Sinus rectus
straight sinus
tentorial sinus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3189
refers to one of two subdivisions of the hippocampal formation (functional) in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. It is a part of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. Located on the ventromedial surface of the hemisphere in the rat, it is composed of the dentate gyrus, the CA fields, the fasciola cinerea and the indusium griseum.
The hippocampal region contains the same cellular structures as the classical archicortex except for the subiculum and the paraterminal gyrus. In the functional model the subiculum belongs to the retrohippocampal region and the tenia tecta, which may be the rodent equivalent of the primate paraterminal gyrus, is considered part of olfactory areas (rodent) ( Swanson-2004 ).
hippocampal region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3190
does not refer to a part of the brain. From a Google search it appears to be a Turkish term meaning central pharmacy. Eczane in Turkish means pharmacy. Medulla, or medula, is a Turkish word presumably derived from the same word in Latin, where it means the center portion of an object. (In English medulla refers specifically to the center portion of an organ.) 'Medulla eczane' has appeared among the top ten search terms submitted to BrainInfo every month since the fall of 2010. We are curious as to why that should be so. If you have an idea please email Doug Bowden: dmbowden@u.washington.edu.
medulla eczane
medula eczane
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3191
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 of Paxinos in the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ). It is located in the superior frontal gyrus between the longitudinal fissure medially and the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus laterally. The other subdivisions are area 10M of Paxinos and area 10V of Paxinos. It corresponds topologically to the portion of area 10m (macaque) located on the dorsal surface of the superior frontal gyrus.
area 10D of Paxinos
area 10 of cortex, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3192
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 of Paxinos in the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ). It is located on the mesial surface of the most rostral part of the superior frontal gyrus. The other subdivisions are area 10D of Paxinos and area 10V of Paxinos. It corresponds topologically to the portion of area 10m (macaque) located on the mesial surface of the superior frontal gyrus.
area 10 of cortex, medial part
area 10M of Paxinos
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3193
refers to a cytoarchitecurally defined area of cortex located most rostrally in the frontal lobe of the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ). It has three subdivisions: area 10M of Paxinos, area 10D of Paxinos and area 10V of Paxinos. As with most parcellations of this area since the publication of Walker-1940, area 10 of Paxinos is topologically equivalent to area 10 of Walker, not to area 10 of Brodmann (guenon). The latter is different cytoarchitecturally and is more caudal, lateral and ventral in location. Walker renamed several areas of the macaque prefrontal cortex to coincide with the names Brodmann had given to cytoarchitecturally equivalent areas in the human ( Brodmann-1909 ).
area 10 of Paxinos
area 10 of cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3194
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 of Paxinos in the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ). It is located in the most rostral part of the orbital gyri. The other subdivisions are area 10M of Paxinos and area 10D of Paxinos. It is topologically equivalent to area 10o (macaque).
area 10V of Paxinos
area 10 of cortex, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3195
refers to a small horizontal depression variably present on the dorsal surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is located near the frontal pole anterior to the posterior supraprincipal dimple ( Paxinos-2004 ). It has no equivalent in humans or rodents.
anterior supraprincipal dimple
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3196
refers to a small oblique depression variably present on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is located near the frontal pole ventral to the principal sulcus ( Krieg-1975; Paxinos-2009a ). Many macaques and humans have a much more prominent fronto-orbital sulcus located at about the same anterior-posterior level. Neither the dimple nor the sulcus has an equivalent in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or the mouse.
frontoorbital dimple
infraprincipal dimple
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3197
refers to one of three parts of the retrosplenial area as defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is located on the mesial surface of the cerebral cortex dorsal to the retrosplenial granular area. Rostrally its lateral boundary is with the premotor cortex. Caudally its lateral boundary, according to some authors is directly with the mediomedial area of the secondary visual cortex ( Paxinos-2009b; Franklin-2008 ); according to others it abuts an intervening retrosplenial agranular area ( Swanson-2004; Dong-2004 ).
dorsal part of the retrosplenial area
retrosplenial area dorsal part
retrosplenial dysgranular area
retrosplenial dysgranular cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3198
refers to one of two divisions of the retrosplenial area of cerebral cortex in the primate and one of two or three divisions in the rodent. It is defined by Nissl stain and located near the splenium of the corpus callosum. Cytoarchitecturally it is distinguished from the retrosplenial granular area, by the absence of a distinct granular layer. In primates it occupies a narrow strip of the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus deep in the callosal sulcus. It is identified with area 30 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-2004 ) and with area 30 (macaque) ( Vogt-1987 ). When seen in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ) it is on the dorsomedial surface of the cerebral cortex lateral to the retrosplenial dysgranular area and medial to the mediomedial area of the secondary visual cortex.
retrosplenial agranular area
retrosplenial agranular cortex
lateral retrosplenial agranular area
lateral part of the retrosplenial area
retrosplenial area lateral agranular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3199
refers to the most caudal and ventral of two or three parts of the retrosplenial granular area defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other parts are zone b of the retrosplenial granular area and zone c of the retrosplenial granular area or zone b-c of the retrosplenial granular area.
retrosplenial area ventral part zone a
retrosplenial granular cortex, a region
zone a of the retrosplenial agranular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3200
refers to the more rostral and dorsal of two subdivisions of the retrosplenial granular area defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is zone a of the retrosplenial granular area . Some authors divide the b-c zone into two separate zones: zone b of the retrosplenial granular area and zone c of the retrosplenial granular area in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
retrosplenial area ventral part zone b/c
zone b-c of the retrosplenial granular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3201
refers to one of two subdivisions of the endopiriform claustrum as defined by Nissl stain in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the ventral endopiriform claustrum. In rodents both are located between the external capsule medially and the piriform area ventrolaterally. In the rodent the dorsal endopiriform claustrum is clearly located superior to the ventral endopiriform claustrum. The temporal lobe of the macaque, which corresponds to the ventrolateral cortical area of the rodent, is a much expanded, medially rotated structure where the location of the ventral part of the endopiriform claustrum is medial and superior to the dorsal part ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the human the endopiriform claustrum is not divided into dorsal and ventral parts ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ). Functionally it belongs to the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal part of the endopiriform nucleus
dorsal endopiriform claustrum
Area claustralis amygdalae
endopiriform nucleus dorsal part
endopiriform nucleus, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3202
refers to one of two subdivisions of the endopiriform claustrum as defined by Nissl stain in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the dorsal endopiriform claustrum. In rodents both are located between the external capsule medially and the piriform area ventrolaterally. In the rodent the dorsal endopiriform claustrum is clearly located superior to the ventral endopiriform claustrum. The temporal lobe of the macaque, which corresponds to the ventrolateral cortical area of the rodent, is a much expanded, medially rotated structure where the location of the ventral part of the endopiriform claustrum is medial and superior to the dorsal part ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the human the endopiriform claustrum is not divided into dorsal and ventral parts ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ). Functionally it belongs to the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
endopiriform nucleus, ventral part
ventral endopiriform claustrum
ventral endopiriform nucleus
endopiriform nucleus ventral part
ventral part of the endopiriform nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3204
refers to the more lateral of two subdivisions of area 29, which are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). It is located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus between the subiculum laterally and area 29m medially ( Vogt-1987 ),
area 29a-c of Vogt
area 29l
lateral area 29a-c
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3205
refers to the more medial of two subdivisions of area 29, which are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). It is located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus between area 29l laterally and area 30 medially ( Vogt-1987 ),
area 29m
medial area 29d
area 29d (macaque)
area 29d of Vogt
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3206
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture by Nissl stain in the macaque. It is located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, deep in the callosal sulcus where the gyri join the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is less differentiated than the equivalent area in the rodent. It consists of two subdivisions, area 29a-c (macaque) ( area 29l ), laterally and area 29d (macaque) ( area 29m ) medially ( Vogt-1987; Vogt-2012 ).
area 29 (macaque)
area 29 of Vogt (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3207
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture by Nissl stain in the macaque. It is located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, deep in the callosal sulcus where the gyri join the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is located medial to area 29 (macaque). It is topologically equivalent to area 30 of the human, area 30 of Brodmann (human) and to the retrosplenial agranular area of rodents ( Vogt-1987 ).
area 30 of Vogt (macaque)
area 30 (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3208
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture by Nissl stain in the macaque. It is located in the the rostral part of the precuneus and the most caudal part of the posterior cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-1987 ). It is topologically equivalent to area 31 of Brodmann in the human. For a more recent account of this area see area 31.
area 31 (macaque)
area 31 of Vogt (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3209
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterolateral area of stria terminalis
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, anterolateral area
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterolateral area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3210
refers to a group of cells identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture in an early segmentation of anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the rat. Subsequent connectional data led investigators to combine the anterodorsal, anteroventral, and dorsolateral areas of stria terminalis into the anteromedial area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterodorsal area of stria terminalis
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anterodorsal area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3211
refers to a group of cells identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture in an early segmentation of anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the rat. Subsequent connectional data led investigators to combine the anteroventral, anterodorsal, and dorsolateral areas of stria terminalis into the anteromedial area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).
anteroventral area of stria terminalis
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anteroventral area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3212
refers to a group of cells identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture in an early segmentation of anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the rat. Subsequent connectional data led investigators to combine the dorsolateral, anteroventral, and anterodorsal areas of stria terminalis into the anteromedial area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsolateral area of stria terminalis
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division dorsolateral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3213
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. It is composed of three parts: the anterodorsal area of stria terminalis, the anteroventral area of stria terminalis and the dorsolateral area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).
anteromedial area of stria terminalis
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, anteromedial area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3214
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, oval nucleus
oval nucleus of stria terminalis
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3215
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
juxtacapsular nucleus of stria terminalis
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, juxtacapsular nucleus
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis juxtacapsular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3216
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis rhomboid nucleus
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, rhomboid nucleus
rhomboid nucleus of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3217
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, dorsomedial nucleus
dorsomedial nucleus of stria terminalis
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division dorsomedial nucleus
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, dorsomedial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3218
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, fusiform nucleus
fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division fusiform nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3219
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral nucleus of stria terminalis
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division ventral nucleus
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, ventral nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3220
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division magnocellular nucleus
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, magnocellular nucleus
magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3221
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
principal nucleus of stria terminalis
bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, principal nucleus
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division principal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3222
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division interfascicular nucleus
bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, interfascicular nucleus
interfascicular nucleus of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3223
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, transverse nucleus
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division transverse nucleus
transverse nucleus of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3224
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division premedullary nucleus
premedullary nucleus of stria terminalis
bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, premedullary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3225
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division dorsal nucleus
bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, dorsal nucleus
dorsal nucleus of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3226
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, strial extension
strial extension of stria terminalis
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division strial extension
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3227
refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division cell-sparse zone
Bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, cell-sparse zone
cell sparse zone of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3228
refers to a group of cells identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture in an early segmentation of anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the rat. Subsequent connectional data led investigators to combine it into the anterolateral area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, subcommisural zone
bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, subcommisural zone
subcommissural zone of stria terminalis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3229
refers to one of three divisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as defined by multiple methods in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is located in the medial zone of the anterior hypothalamic region, caudal to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and rostral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2000 ).
The descending division is further divided into four parts: the ventromedial parvicellular zone of the paraventricular nucleus, the dorsal parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, the lateral parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, and the fornical part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system. The other divisions are the neuroendocrine motor zone and the somatic motoneuron pools of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).
Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division
descending division of the paraventricular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3230
refers to one of three divisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as defined by multiple methods in the rat. It is located in the medial zone of the anterior hypothalamic region dorsomedial to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. It has three components: the anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, the medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, and the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus.
Functionally it and the parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. The third division, the descending division of the paraventricular nucleus, belongs to the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular division
Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3231
refers to one of three divisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as defined by multiple methods in the rat. It is located in the medial zone of the anterior hypothalamic region, dorsomedial to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally it and the magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus belong to the neuroendocrine motor zone of the subcortical motor system. The third division, the descending division of the paraventricular nucleus, belongs to the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvicellular division
Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division
parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3232
(PNS) refers to one of two components of the nervous system defined by dissection; the other component is the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS includes the cranial nerves, the spinal nerves, the peripheral ganglia and plexuses to which they attach, and the peripheral nerves that attach those to the skin, muscles and other end organs. The nerves are composed of neuronal fibers that conduct sensory information from, and motor control information to, the end organs ( Carpenter-1983 ). The short segments of the fibers that run between central nuclei and the surface of the brain or spinal cord are referred to as 'nerve fibers' and are considered parts of the CNS. The longer segments of the fibers that run in the nerves attached to the brain and spinal cord belong to the PNS ( Swanson-2004 ).
peripheral nervous system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3233
refers to the embryonic precursor of the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
cortical subplate
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3234
refers to the embryonic precursor to the brain and the retina as defined by dissection of the embryo of vertebrates, including mammals. It is composed of the Prosencephalon (sum of Telencephalon and Diencephalon), the Mesencephalon and the Rhombencephalon, embryonic precursors of the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain respectively.
Latin terms are frequently used as synonyms of the English terms. However, some primary structures of the mature brain originally believed to originate from one subdivision of the Encephalon have subsequently been found to originate from another. Thus, the classical organization of the mature brain and of the Encephalon differ in some respects. For that reason, in NeuroNames we shall eventually use the Latin term as the standard name for subdivisions of the embryonic nervous system that are precursors to a somewhat different combination of mature structures than the combination classically represented by the English term. Use of the term 'Encephalon' to represent the embryonic precursor of the mature brain and retina is a good example.
Encephalon
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3235
refers to a subdivision of the multiform layer of neocortex in the rat that may, unlike the other layers, derive from the cortical subplate of the Encephalon rather than from the cortical plate ( Swanson-2004 ).
layer 6b, isocortex
layer 6b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3236
denotes a composite structure that consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system ( Carpenter-1983 ).
нервная система
Systema nervosum
nervous system
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3237
refers to one of three parts of the retrosplenial granular area defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) by some authors. It is located between the other parts, ventral to zone a of the retrosplenial granular area and anterodorsal to zone c of the retrosplenial granular area .
retrosplenial granular cortex, b region
zone b of the retrosplenial granular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3238
refers to the most dorsal of three parts of the retrosplenial granular area defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) by some authors. The other parts are zone a of the retrosplenial granular area and zone b of the retrosplenial granular area .
zone c of the retrosplenial granular area
retrosplenial granular cortex, c region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3239
refers to a subdivision of cerebral cortex at the frontal pole. In the human it is defined on the basis of topology as a composite substructure of the frontal lobe that includes the frontomarginal gyrus and the three transverse frontopolar gyri ( Mai-1997 ). While it is to a large extent identifiable with area 10 as defined by internal structure, it is not regarded as a separate division of prefrontal cortex ( Preuss-1995; Petrides-2009 ).
In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is identified by cytoarchitecture as the site where the motor cortex, prelimbic area, frontal association area, and orbital areas (rodent) converge. Some authors do not regard it as a separate structure but continue to segment those areas as they converge at the frontal pole ( Franklin-2008 ). Others regard it as the termination of the frontal association area rostral to termination of the other two ( Paxinos-2009b ). ( See also: frontal pole. )
frontopolar cortex
Area frontopolaris
Frontal pole, cerebral cortex
frontopolar area
fronto-polar area
frontal polar area
frontal pole
frontal association cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3240
refers to one of two components of the cerebrum in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. It is defined on the basis of development from the embryonic Pallium. It consists of two parts, the cerebral cortex and the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ). The term was sometimes used earlier to refer to the cerebral cortex alone ( Nomina-1983 ). The other component of the cerebrum is the cerebral nuclei.
pallium
Cerebral cortex (pallium)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3241
refers to a composite structure that includes those portions of the cerebral cortex that are part of the somatosensory system. In the human and the macaque it is located almost totally in the parietal lobe. It includes four components: the anterior parietal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex, the somatosensory cortex of the medial wall and the somatosensory cortex of the lateral fissure ( Kaas-2004 ).
somatosensory cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3242
refers to a composite structure of the ventral part of the limbic lobe defined primarily on the basis of connectivity and function. In the human ( Insausti-2004 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it includes the archicortex, the presubiculum, the parasubiculum and the entorhinal area. It is the same in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ) except that it includes the postsubiculum of those species as well.
hippocampal formation (functional)
hippocampal formation (Swanson)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3243
refers to the more rostral component of the medial amygdalar nucleus as identified by Nissl stain. The other component is the posterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) the anterior part is located deep to the entorhinal sulcus on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It is bounded laterally by the anterior amygdalar area, ventrally by the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala and, in the human, medially by the cortical amygdalar nucleus. In the macaque it is located similarly relative to the anterior amygdalar area, but is bounded ventrally by the cortical amygdalar nucleus, or by the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract by authors who identify that structure in the primate ( Amaral-1992 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) its rostral portion extends from the endorhinal groove medially; it is bounded dorsomedially by the lateral hypothalamic area, dorsolaterally, laterally and ventrally by the anterior amygdalar area and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. More caudally the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract intervenes between it and the sulcal surface and the optic tract intervenes between it and the lateral hypothalamic area; it is bounded dorsolaterally by the central amygdalar nucleus, laterally by the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala and ventrolaterally by the cortical amygdalar nucleus. Its topology in the mouse is similar to that in the rat except that it is partially bounded dorsally by the substantia innominata ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). In the rat and mouse the anterior part of the nucleus is further subdivided into two parts: the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus.
anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus
anterior cortical nucleus (Amaral)
anterior part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3244
refers to the more caudal component of the medial amygdalar nucleus as identified by Nissl stain; the other is the anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) it is located deep to the entorhinal sulcus on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It is bounded dorsally by the substantia innominata, laterally by the central amygdalar nucleus, ventrolaterally by the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala and ventromedially by the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus. Some authors report that, in the macaque, the anterior amygdalar area extends almost to the posterior extreme of the amygdala ( Paxinos-2009 ); by their interpretation this area, instead of substantia innominata, forms the dorsal boundary of the nucleus; according to this parcellation the nucleus itself extends further caudally, where its ventromedial border is formed by the amygdalohippocampal area. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the posterior part of the medial nucleus has three components: the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract. Caudal to the anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and ventrolateral to the optic tract it is bounded laterally and ventrally by the same structures as in the primate including, according to some authors, the amygdalohippocampal area at its caudal extreme ( Paxinos-2009b; Franklin-2008 ). In the Functional Nervous System all parts of the medial amygdalar nucleus are classified in the extended striatum ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus
posterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus
posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus
medial nucleus (Amaral)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3245
refers to a group of cells in the caudal third of the amygdala of the macaque. It is located ventral to the medial amygdalar nucleus in the dorsomedial portion of amygdalohippocampal area ( Amaral-1992 ).
posterior cortical nucleus (Amaral)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3246
refers to one of two parts of the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus as identified by cytoarchitectonis in the human. The other is the ventral part of the posterior cortical nucleus ( Mai-1997 ). Some authors identify a transitional intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus.
dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus
superior subdivision of the caudal VCo division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3247
refers to one of two parts of the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus as identified by cytoarchitectonis in the human. The other is the dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus ( Mai-1997 ). Some authors identify a transitional intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus.
ventral part of the posterior cortical nucleus
inferior subdivision of the caudal VCo division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3248
refers to a transitional zone between the dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus and the ventral part of the cortical nucleus of the amygdala in the human ( Olmos-2004 ).
intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus
intermediate subdivision of the caudal VCo division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3249
refers to one of two parts of the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the posteromedial cortical amygdalar nucleus.
posterolateral part of the cortical nucleus
cortical amygdalar nucleus, posterior part, lateral zone
posterolateral cortical amygdalar nucleus
posterolateral cortical amygdaloid area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3250
refers to one of two parts of the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the posterolateral cortical amygdalar nucleus.
posteromedial cortical amygdalar nucleus
posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus
cortical amygdalar nucleus, posterior part, medial zone
posteromedial part of the cortical nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3253
refers to a bundle of nerve fibers that cross the midline of the forebrain. It forms a "small crescent at the anterior margin of the anterior commissure." ( Lamantia-1990 ).
basal telencephalic commissure
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3275
refers to the convergence of the posterior orbital gyrus and the medial orbital gyrus at their junction with the anterior insula. Identified by dissection its boundaries are ill-defined; it is continuous rostrally with the orbital gyri and caudally with the transverse insular gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is present only in the human.
posteromedial orbital lobule
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3276
refers to a surgical landmark in the insula of the human. Identified by dissection it is the most prominent point of the insular cortex. It is a surface feature located at the junction of the anterior short gyrus, the posterior short gyrus and the accessory insular gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque or rodents.
insular apex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3279
refers to a groove identified by dissection in the anterior insula of the human. It separates the anterior short gyrus from the middle short gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Mufson-1997 ) or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).
short insular sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3280
refers to a groove identified by dissection in the anterior insula of the human. It separates the middle short gyrus from the posterior short gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Mufson-1997 ) or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).
precentral insular sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3281
refers to a superficial feature of the junction of the insula with the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe and the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobe. It as identified by dissection in the human. It is composed of the limen insula laterally and the surface of the transverse insular gyrus medially ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Mufson-1997 ) or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).
insular stem
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3282
refers to a superficial landmark identified by dissection in the human insula. It represents the surfaces of the accessory insular gyrus and the transverse insular gyrus located at the most anteroinferior aspect of the anterior insula where it meets the frontal lobe ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).
insular pole
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3283
refers to a surgical landmark identified in the human insula by dissection. It is the border of the anterior short gyrus at the junction of the anterior limiting sulcus and the superior limiting sulcus. In 28% of hemispheres a small sulcus develops at the point splitting the upper end of the gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). The anterior point is not found in macaques or rodents.
anterior insular point
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3284
refers to a surgical landmark of the insula identified by dissection in primates. It is the site of junction of the superior limiting sulcus and the inferior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in rodents ( NeuroNames ).
posterior insular point
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3285
refers to all somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex except the primary somatosensory cortex. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is a single horizontal strip of cortex located on the lateral surface of the hemisphere ventral to the primary somatosensory cortex and dorsal to the visceral area. It is wedge-shaped with the apex rostral and the base abutting the auditory cortex caudally. In the human and macaque the somatosensory cortex is subdivided into a large number of areas distributed caudal and ventral to the primary somatosensory cortex, including the postcentral gyrus of the anterior parietal lobe, the ventrocaudal corner of the inferior frontal gyrus, the adjacent upper bank of the superior temporal gyrus, and the adjoining long insular gyri ( Kaas-2012 ).
secondary somatosensory cortex
supplemental somatosensory areas
supplemental somatosensory area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3286
refers to the more rostral of two parts of the human insula defined on the basis of topology. It consists of five convolutions: three short insular gyri, the accessory insular gyrus and the transverse insular gyrus. It is larger than the more caudal part, the long insular gyri (also known as 'posterior insula'), from which it is separated by the oblique central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ).
Some authors describe a sixth convolution, the precentral gyrus of the insula, as locted between the the short insular gyri and the central insular sulcus ( Roberts-1970 ). The defining feature of the anterior insula, the central insular sulcus, is found in the baboon but not the macaque ( Mufson-1997 ); and the anterior insula has no topological equivalent in the rat or the mouse ( NeuroNames ).
anterior insula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3287
refers to one of two parts of the granular insula reported by some authors in the human. It was defined by automated analysis of images of silver-stained coronal sections ( Kurth-2010a ). It is located between the other part, area Ig2 of Kurth, and the posterodorsal margin of the long insular gyri. Both parts are distinguished by a well-developed internal granular layer (IV). Area Ig1 of Kurth is distinguished from area Ig2 of Kurth by a broader external granular layer (II), a more homogeneous external pyramidal layer (III), and a less distinct internal pyramidal layer (V). A contemporary study in the human conducted manually on the basis of multiple stains did not report subdivision of the granular insula ( Morel-2013 ).
Results of studies in the macaque are also mixed. The area Ig1 of Gallay ( Gallay-2012 ), identified on the basis of multiple stains, showed a similar homogeneity of external pyramidal layer (III) compared to area Ig2 of Gallay, but it differed topologically. It was located rostroventrally to area Ig2 of Gallay, whereas area Ig1 of Kurth was located caudodorsally to area Ig2 of Kurth. Subdivision of the granular insula was not reported in other studies of the macaque ( Mesulam-1984, Paxinos-2009a ), nor of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area Ig1 of Kurth
area Ig1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3288
refers to one of two parts of the granular insula reported by some authors in the human. It has been defined by automated analysis of images of silver-stained coronal sections ( Kurth-2010a ). Located in the posterodorsal portion of the long insular gyri, rostral to the other part, area Ig1 of Kurth, it is defined by automated analysis of silver-stained coronal sections. Both parts are distinguished by a well-developed internal granular layer (IV). Area Ig2 is distinguished from area Ig1 of Kurth, by a narrower external granular layer (II), a bifurcated external pyramidal layer (III), and a more distinct internal pyramidal layer (V). A contemporary study in the human conducted manually on the basis of multiple stains did not report subdivision of the granular insula ( Morel-2013 ).
Results of studies in the macaque are also mixed. Area Ig2 of Gallay ( Gallay-2012 ), identified on the basis of multiple stains, showed a similar stratification of pyramidal layer (III), but it differed topologically from area Ig1 of Kurth in the human. It was located caudodorsally to Ig1 of Gallay, whereas Ig2 of Kurth was located rostroventrally to Ig1 of Kurth. Subdivision of the granular insula was not reported in other studies of the macaque ( Mesulam-1984, Paxinos-2009a ), nor of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area Ig2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3289
refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of multiple criteria including function and connectivity. In the human it has been defined by meta-analysis of data from studies involving noninvasive measures of neural activation associated with interoceptive sensations, such as visceral sensations, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal, change in body temperature, listening to one's own heart beat, and resisting the urge to void. A study of the insula showed primary activation of the central part of the structure ( Kurth-2010b ). If the internal structure of the central part of the human insula is comparable to that of the macaque, it is predominantly dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) ( Mesulam-1984 ) with some involvement of agranular insular cortex (Roberts) ( Paxinos-2009a ). Most authors regard the topological equivalent of the visceral cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) to be granular insula.
visceral area
visceral cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3290
refers to the part of the parietal lobe that overlies the caudal portion of the insula in primates. It is defined by dissection. The posterior one-third of the superior limiting sulcus separates it from the insula deep in the lateral fissure. It is the part of the superior bank of the lateral fissure that extends from the plane of the central sulcus caudally to the end of the insula. In the human it is composed of the ventrolateral lips of the postcentral gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus, which overlie the posterior insula ( Mai-2004; Schiebler-1999 ). In the macaque only the postcentral gyrus is involved. The parietal operculum together with the frontal operculum constitute the frontoparietal operculum ( Martin-2000 ). It is not found in rodents.
opercolo parietale
parietal operculum
opérculo parietal
Operculum parietale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3291
refers to one of three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus that overlie the insula and form the lower boundary of the gyrus with the lateral fissure. Its boundary with the insula is the superior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Defined by dissection, it is the most rostral of the three. The others are the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. A component of the frontal operculum in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), it is not present in macaques or rodents.
gyrus frontal inférieur, pars orbitalis
porción orbitaria
parte orbitale
Pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris
глазничная часть нижней лобной извилины
Operculum orbitale
girus frontal inferior pars orbital
inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part
Gyrus frontalis inferior, pars orbitalis
глазничная часть нижней фронтальной извилины
orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3292
refers to one of three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus that overlie the insula and form the lower boundary of the gyrus with the lateral fissure. Its boundary with the insula is the superior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Defined by dissection, it is the middle of the three. The others are the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. A component of the frontal operculum in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), it is not present in macaques or rodents.
parte triangolare
inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part
gyrus frontal inférieur, pars triangularis
girus frontal inferior pars triangular
Operculum frontale
Gyrus frontalis inferior, pars triangularis
Pars triangularis of frontal operculum
треугольная часть нижней фронтальной извилины
triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus
Pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris
porción triangular
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3293
refers to one of three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus that overlie the insula and form the lower boundary of the gyrus with the lateral fissure. Its boundary with the insula is the superior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Defined by dissection, it is the most caudal of the three. The others are the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. A component of the frontal operculum in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), it is not present in macaques or rodents.
inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part
opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus
girus frontal inferior pars operkular
Pars posterior of inferior frontal gyrus
Gyrus frontalis inferior, pars opercularis
Pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris
opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus
parte opercolare
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3294
refers to the ventrolateral lip of the precentral gyrus, which overlies the insula and is bounded by the lateral fissure. Its boundary with the insula is the superior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Defined by dissection, it is part of the frontal operculum of the human ( Roberts-1970 ), the guenon ( Mauss-1908 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). It is not present in the smooth cerebral cortex of rodents.
precentral operculum (of Rolando)
precentral operculum
Operculum Rolando
Operculum precentrale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3296
refers to the part of the superior temporal gyrus that overlies the ventral portion of the insula in primates, including the human ( Roberts-1970 ) and the macaque ( Pandya-1973 ). It is defined by dissection. The inferior limiting sulcus separates it from the insula deep in the lateral fissure. It is one of three parts of the opercular cortex. The others are the basal operculum and the frontoparietal operculum. It is not present in rodents.
Operculum temporale
supratemporal plane
facies supratemporalis
temporal operculum
opercolo temporale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3297
refers to the parts of the cerebral cortex that cover the insula in primates. In the human it consists of the basal operculum, the frontoparietal operculum, and the temporal operculum. The opercular cortex of the macaque is the same except that it lacks a basal operculum and the inferior frontal gyrus components of the frontoparietal operculum. Opercular cortex is not present in rodents.
operculum (brain)
opercular cortex
opercula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3298
refers to the most rostral of three parts of the frontoparietal operculum as defined for the human in Duvernoy-1992 and for the macaque in Krieg-1975. In the human it is the same as the frontal operculum except that it does not include the precentral operculum. In the macaque it is the same except that it only includes the most rostral part of the precentral operculum. The other parts are the subcentral operculum and the parietal operculum (Krieg). It is not present in rodents.
frontal operculum (Krieg)
opercule frontal
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3299
refers to the middle of three parts of the frontoparietal operculum as defined for the human in Duvernoy-1992 and for the macaque in Krieg-1975. In the human it includes the precentral operculum and the opercular part of the postcentral gyrus that overlies the insula. In the macaque it consists of the caudal portion of the precentral operculum and the rostral portion of the part of the postcentral gyrus that overlies the insula. The other parts are the frontal operculum (Krieg) and the parietal operculum (Krieg). None of the three is present in rodents.
opercule central
subcentral operculum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3300
refers to the most caudal of three parts of the frontoparietal operculum as defined for the human in Duvernoy-1992 and for the macaque in Krieg-1975. In the human it is the same as the parietal operculum except that it does not include the part of the postcentral gyrus that overlies the insula. In the macaque it is the same except that it only includes the most caudal part of the postcentral gyrus that overlies the insula. The other parts are the frontal operculum (Krieg) and the subcentral operculum. It is not present in rodents.
opercule pariétal
parietal operculum (Krieg)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3301
refers to an alternate definition of the frontal operculum in the human. It is the same as the standard definition in that it includes the three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus that overlie the insula, but differs in that it excludes the precentral operculum ( Roberts-1970 ).
frontal operculum (Roberts)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3302
refers to an alternate definition of the frontal operculum in the human. It is the same as the standard definition in that it includes two structures that overlie the insula: the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus; but it differs in that it excludes the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the precentral operculum ( Ono-1990 ).
frontal operculum (Ono)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3303
refers to an alternate definition of the frontoparietal operculum in the human. It is the same as the standard definition except that it excludes the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ).
frontoparietal operculum (Ono)
Operculum frontoparietale
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3304
refers to a portion of the frontal lobe that overlies the insula in the human. It consists of the basal operculum and the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ture-1999 ).
frontoorbital operculum
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3305
refers to an alternate definition of the frontoparietal operculum in the human. It is the same as the standard definition except that it excludes the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ture-1999 ).
frontoparietal operculum (Ture)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3309
refers to an area or granular cortex on the rostral inner surface of the frontal operculum that is regarded as the location of gustatory cortex in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is identified by its internal structure and by input from the thalamic gustatory nucleus, the parvicellular part of the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPMpc) ( Pritchard-2012 ).
area Gu
area Gu of Paxinos (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3311
refers to the most caudoventral of three parts of the dysgranular insula in the human. The others are insular dysgranular area 2 and insular dysgranular area 3 ( Zilles-2012 ).
area Id1
insular dysgranular area 1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3312
refers to the central of three parts of the dysgranular insula in the human. The others are insular dysgranular area 1 and insular dysgranular area 3 ( Zilles-2012 ).
insular dysgranular area 2
area Id2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3313
refers to the most rostrodorsal of three parts of the dysgranular insula in the human. The others are insular dysgranular area 1 and insular dysgranular area 2 ( Zilles-2012 ).
insular dysgranular area 3
area Id3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3315
refers to a part of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure. It is classified as neocortex ( proisocortex component ). It forms a wide diagonal, caudoventral to rostrodorsal band across the center of the insula. It is bounded dorsally by the granular insula, from which it differs by lack of two distinct granular layers. And it is bounded ventrally by the agranular insula, from which it differs by the presence of granule cells grouped in a single layer or as distinct clusters ( Mesulam-1982 ). The density of granule cells follows a declining gradient from the border with the granular insula to the border with the agranular insula.
The dysgranular insula differs from the dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) by its much greater width. A study based on thicker histological sections than examined in the Roberts-1963 study revealed clusters of granule cells in the agranular insular cortex (Roberts) and led to incorporation of that area into the dysgranular insula ( Mesulam-1982 ).
In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) the dysgranular insula is identified with the gustatory cortex.
dysgranular field
dysgranular domain
dysgranular insula
area Idg
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3316
refers to a portion of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure: it lacks granular cell layers. It is found in the human ( Zilles-2012 ) and the macaque ( Mesulam-1982 ). It is bounded dorsally by the dysgranular insula and laterally by the inferior limiting sulcus. Classified as peripaleocortex, it is located between the piriform area ( paleocortex ) and the dysgranular insula ( proisocortex ).
It is distinguished from surrounding areas by the absence of the external granular layer (II) and the internal granular layer (IV). It has a superficial layer of pyramidal cells, which is continuous with the pyramidal layer of the piriform area, and a deeper layer that is continuous with the claustrum. An intermediate layer of pyramidal cells appears near the boundary with, and continues through, the dysgranular insula. It contains a few granule cells, but they are scattered and do not form clusters or layers as in the other two histologically defined parts of the insula: the dysgranular insula and granular insula.
It is the insular component of a three-part agranular area. The others, with which it is continuous, are the agranular orbitofrontal cortex and the medial part of the temporal pole ( Mesulam-1984 ).
Note that the agranular sector of the insula is not the same as agranular insular cortex (Roberts), which is illustrated in many textbooks and brain atlases ( Paxinos-2009a ).
agranular insula
insular periallocortical belt
area IPro
agranular domain
agranular periallocortex of the insula
agranular-periallocortical cortex
Insula, agranular periallocortical
agranular-periallocortical belt
area Ia-p
agranular sector of the insula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3317
refers to a portion of cerebral cortex identified in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ) on the basis of internal structure. Lacking granular layers, it is located on the ventrolateral surface of the cerebral cortex rostrally; it is dorsal to the piriform area and ventral to the gustatory cortex and the visceral area ( granular insula ). In rodents it has three subdivisions: dorsal part of the agranular insular area, ventral part of the agranular insular area, and posterior part of the agranular insular area. In the functional CNS model it is a subdivision of polymodal association cortex ( Swanson-2004 ). It is most likely equivalent to the insulo-orbital agranular cortex of the human ( Ongur-2003 ) and the macaque ( Carmichael-1994 ).
agranular insular cortex
agranular insular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3318
refers to the more ventral of two subdivisions of the agranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The other is area Ia2.
area Ia1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3319
refers to the more dorsal of two subdivisions of the agranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The other is area Ia1.
area Ia2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3320
refers to the most ventral of three subdivisions of the dysgranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The others are area Id2 and area Id3.
area Id1
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3321
refers to the middle of three subdivisions of the dysgranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The others are area Id1 and area Id3.
area Id2
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3322
refers to the most dorsal of three subdivisions of the dysgranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The others are area Id1 and area Id2.
area Id3
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3323
refers to one of two parts of the granular insula reported by some authors in the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). Identified by multiple stains, it is located between the other part, area Ig2 of Gallay, and the posterodorsal border of the dysgranular insula. Both parts are distinguished by well-developed external granular layer (II) and internal granular layer (IV). Area Ig1 of Gallay is distinguished from area Ig2 of Gallay by a narrower internal granular layer (IV) and less distinct sublamination of the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal pyramidal layer (V). Other descriptions have not reported subdivision of the granular insula in the macaque ( Mesulam-1984, Paxinos-2009a ).
Results of studies of the granular insula in the human are also mixed. Area Ig1 of Kurth ( Kurth-2010a ), identified by automated scans of silver-stained sections of the insula, showed a similar homogeneity of the external pyramidal layer (III) compared to area Ig2 of Kurth but it differed topologically. It was located caudodorsally to Ig2 of Kurth, whereas Ig1 of Gallay was located rostroventrally to Ig2 of Gallay. Subdivision of the granular insula was not reported in a contemporary study of the human ( Morel-2013 ), nor in studies of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area Ig1
area Ig1 of Gallay
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3324
refers to one of two parts of the granular insula reported by some authors in the macaque ( Gallay-1012 ).. Identified by multiple stains, it is located between the other part, area Ig1 of Gallay, and field G. Both parts are distinguished by well-developed external granular layer (II) and internal granular layer (IV). Area Ig2 of Gallay is distinguished from area Ig1 of Gallay by a thicker internal granular layer (IV) and more distinct sublamination of the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal pyramidal layer (V). Other descriptions have not reported subdivision of the granular insula in the macaque ( Mesulam-1984, Paxinos-2009a ).
Results of studies of the granular insula in humans are also mixed. Area Ig2 of Kurth ( Kurth-2012 ), identified by automated scans of silver-stained sections of the insula, showed a similar stratifications of pyramidal layer (III) compared to area Ig1 of Kurth, but it differed topologically. It was located rostroventrally to Ig2 of Kurth, whereas Ig2 of Gallay was located caudodorsally to Ig1 of Gallay. Subdivision of the granular insula was not reported in a contemporary study of the human ( Morel-2013 ), nor in studies of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area Ig2
area Ig2 of Gallay
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3325
refers to a narrow strip of 'hypergranular' neocortex located along the dorsal and caudal boundaries of the insula in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). It is located between the opercula, namely the frontoparietal operculum and the most caudal part of the temporal operculum, and the dysgranular insula and granular insula. Most authors regard it as representing extensions of architectonically defined areas of the cerebral cortex, such as the primary somatosensory cortex and secondary somatosensory cortex, across the limiting sulcus into the insula ( Mesulam-1982 ). The limiting sulcus, which defines the outer boundary of the field, is not present in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
domain G
field G
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3326
refers to the portion of the insula of the macaque not occupied by field G ( Gallay-2012 ).
insula proper
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3327
refers to a composite structure of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the human ( Kurth-2010a ) and the macaque ( Pandya-1973 ). Located at the caudal extreme of the insula, it is composed of two subdivisions: area reIpt of Pandya, which is separated from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus, and area reIt of Pandya, which is separated from it by the inferior limiting sulcus.
retroinsular cortex
retroinsular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3328
refers to a depression in the precentral gyrus of the macaque ( Krieg-1975 ). While some authors refer to it as the anterior subcentral sulcus ( Szabo-1984; Martin-2000 ), it differs from that sulcus in the human by lack of connection to the lateral fissure. The structure in the macaque is in closer proximity to the central sulcus than to the lateral fissure.
Equivalent features are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
anterior subcentral sulcus
subcentral dimple
anterior subcentral dimple
inferior precentral dimple
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3329
refers to a segmentation of the orbital gyri on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. One of two subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque), it is composed of six areas: area 10 (macaque), area 11 (macaque), area 12 (macaque), area 13 (macaque), area 14 (macaque), and agranular orbitofrontal cortex. The other division is the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Its equivalent in the human is the orbital prefrontal cortex ( Ongur-2003 ).
In both the human and the macaque the orbital prefrontal cortex is largely granular cortex, which has no equivalent in the rat. Only the most caudal strip of the orbital prefrontal cortex is agranular. The equivalent of that narrow area may be found in the orbital areas (rodent) and the agranular insular cortex of the rodent ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).
orbital prefrontal cortex
orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3330
refers to one of two parts of the interposed nucleus of the cerebellum identified by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the parvicellular part of the interposed nucleus. Neither is identified in mouse brain atlases ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).
interposed nucleus, main part
main part of the interposed nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3331
refers to one of two parts of the interposed nucleus of the cerebellum identified by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the main part of the interposed nucleus. Neither is identified in the mouse brain atlases of Dong-2004 and Franklin-2008.
parvicellular part of the interposed nucleus
interposed nucleus, parvicellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3332
refers to one of two divisions of the sensorimotor thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function (see Models Where It Appears below). It is the same as the metathalamus of the classical brain model except that it does no include the pregeniculate nucleus. The other division is the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus ( Swanson-2004 ) .
geniculate group, dorsal thalamus
geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3333
refers to one of two parts of the subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus identified by internal structure in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus.
magnocellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus
subparafascicular nucleus, magnocellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3334
refers to one of two parts of the subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus identified by internal structure in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other is the magnocellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus.
parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus
subparafascicular nucleus, parvicellular part
subparafascicular thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3335
refers to one of two parts of the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus identified by internal structure in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the lateral division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus.
medial division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus
subparafascicular nucleus, parvicellular part, medial division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3336
refers to one of two parts of the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus identified by internal structure in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the medial division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus.
subparafascicular nucleus, parvicellular part, lateral division
lateral division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3337
refers to one of two parts of the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the ventral part of the anteromedial nucleus.
dorsal part of the anteromedial nucleus
anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3338
refers to one of two parts of the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the dorsal part of the anteromedial nucleus.
anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, ventral part
ventral part of the anteromedial nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3339
refers to one of two divisions of the reuniens nucleus in the thalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004).
The other is the caudal division of the reuniens nucleus. It consists of five parts: anterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus, dorsorostral part of the reuniens nucleus, ventrorostral part of the reuniens nucleus, laterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus, and mediorostral part of the reuniens nucleus.
rostral division of the reuniens nucleus
nucleus reuniens, rostral division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3340
refers to one of two divisions of the reuniens nucleus in the thalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004).
The other is the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus. It consists of three parts: caudocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus, dorsocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus, and mediocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus.
nucleus reuniens, caudal division
caudal division of the reuniens nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3341
refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus
nucleus reuniens, rostral division, anterior part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3342
refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsorostral part of the reuniens nucleus
nucleus reuniens, rostral division, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3343
refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventrorostral part of the reuniens nucleus
nucleus reuniens, rostral division, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3344
refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
laterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus
nucleus reuniens, rostral division, lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3345
refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus reuniens, rostral division, median part
mediorostral part of the reuniens nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3346
refers to one of three parts of the caudal division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus reuniens, caudal division, caudal part
caudocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3347
refers to one of three parts of the caudal division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus
nucleus reuniens, caudal division, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3348
refers to one of three parts of the caudal division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus reuniens, caudal division, median part
mediocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349
refers to one of seven subcortical sensory systems in the functional model of central nervous system organization (see Models Where It Appears below). It consists of a set of thirteen nuclei, areas and zones in the cerebrospinal trunk, which are grouped on the basis of connectivity and function. Located in the spinal cord, hindbrain, midbrain, and interbrain, they process inputs from receptors in the skin, muscles and joints that arrive from the peripheral nervous system and provide output to the somatosensory cortex of the forebrain ( Swanson-2004 ).
subcortical somatosensory system
sensory system, somatosensory
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3350
refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.)
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, ventrolateral part
ventrolateral oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3351
refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.)
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, rostral dorsomedial part
rostral dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3352
refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.)
dorsal zone of the middle dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, middle dorsomedial part, dorsal zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3353
refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.)
ventral zone of the middle dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, middle dorsomedial part, ventral zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3354
refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.)
caudal dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, caudal dorsomedial part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3355
refers to one of two parts of the gracile nucleus differentiated by internal structure in the rat. The other is the median part of the gracile nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
gracile nucleus, principal part
principal part of the gracile nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3356
refers to one of two parts of the gracile nucleus differentiated by internal structure in the rat. The other is the principal part of the gracile nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
median part of the gracile nucleus
gracile nucleus, median part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3357
refers to a spinal component of the subcortical somatosensory system in the rat. Located approximately at the level the histologically defined lamina V and lamina VI of the posterior gray column, it consists of three parts: the base of the posterior horn, the lateral cervical nucleus, and the lateral spinal nucleus. In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
basal nucleus of the dorsal horn, general
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3358
refers to one of three parts of the spinal central gray subdivided on the basis of topology. It is located between the other two parts, the anterior gray column and the posterior gray column. In cross sections of the the spinal cord the intermediate zone appears as a horizontal band extending the width of the H-shaped spinal central gray at the level of the crossbar of the H. It contains all of the cytoarchitecturally defined lamina X and most of lamina VII ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).
Zona intermedia
zona gris intermedia
zona intermedia
zona intermedia
intermediate gray of the spinal cord, general
intermediate grey matter
intermediate gray column
intermediate gray substance
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3359
refers to one of two parts of the thoracic column in the rat. The other is the caudal part of the thoracic column ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord, rostral part
rostral part of the thoracic column
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3360
refers to one of two parts of the thoracic column in the rat. The other is the rostral part of the thoracic column ( Swanson-2004 ).
caudal part of the thoracic column
dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord, caudal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3361
refers to the portion of the intermediate gray column not occupied by the central cervical nucleus or the thoracic column in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
intermediate gray of the spinal cord proper
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3362
refers to one of two parts of the superior colliculus in the functional model of the central nervous system ( Swanson-2004 ). The other part is the sensory superior colliculus. The motor part includes the deeper four of seven layers of the superior colliculus: the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus, the middle white layer of the superior colliculus, the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus and the deep white layer of the superior colliculus.( Carpenter-1983 ). Found both in primates and rodents it is functionally part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
motor part of the superior colliculus
motor superior colliculus
Stratum lemnisci
superior colliculus, motor related
strato del lemnisco
stratum lemnisci of the superior colliculus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3363
refers to a saddle shaped area centered dorsally in the ventral cochlear nuclei of the human. It extends down either side... more prominent on the lateral side than the medial side ( Moore-2004 ).
cap area of the ventral cochlear nuclei
ventral cochlear nucleus, capsular part
cap area of the ventral cochlear nucleus
cap area of the ventral division of the cochlear nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3364
refers to a group of multipolar neurons located at the posterior extreme of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus. It is present in the human ( Moore-2004 ). Some authors report it in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) as well.
ventral cochlear nucleus, posterior part, octopus cell area
octopus cell area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3365
refers to a composite structure of the subcortical auditory system in the functional CNS model. It includes the superior olive and, in primates, the periolivary region; in rodents, the periolivary region - obsolete ( Swanson-2004 ). It is the same as the classical superior olivary complex except that it does not include the trapezoid nucleus.
superior olivary nuclei
superior olivary complex (Swanson)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3366
refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex of the human ( Amunts-2012 ). The others are the medial periolivary nucleus, the ventral periolivary nucleus, and the rostral periolivary region. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorso-medial periolivary nucleus
dorsomedial periolivary nucleus
periolivary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3367
refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex of the human ( Amunts-2012 ). The others are the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus, the ventral periolivary nucleus, and the rostral periolivary region. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial periolivary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3368
refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex of the human ( Amunts-2012 ). The others are the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus, the medial periolivary nucleus, and the rostral periolivary region. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral periolivary nucleus
Nucleus preolivaris
preolivary nuclei
preolivary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3369
refers to a group of large multipolar neurons, one of four groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the human superior olivary complex. It extends from the superior olive laterally to the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. The other groups are the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus, the medial periolivary nucleus, and the ventral periolivary nucleus. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Amunts-2012 ).
rostral periolivary region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3370
refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the macaque. The others are the medioventral periolivary nucleus, the lateroventral periolivary nucleus, and the dorsal periolivary region ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is also identified by some authors in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
superior paraolivary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3371
refers to a narrow band of cells located between the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
horizontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, horizontal part
triangular nucleus, lateral lemniscus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3372
refers to an alternate definition of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ). It comprises the ventral part of the nucleus with the more dorsal part designated the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus.
ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Paxinos)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3373
refers to a cell group in the solitary nucleus involved in taste perception in the human and the macaque ( Pritchard-2012 ). It is part of the functionally defined medullary gustatory area of primates.
prefacial extension of the solitary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3374
refers to the portions of the solitary nucleus involved in viscerosensory functions. It includes all of the solitary nucleus except the medullary gustatory area, which is involved in taste perception ( Swanson-2004).
nucleus of the solitary tract
solitary nucleus (Swanson)
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3375
refers to one of eleven or twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
It is one of five subdivisions of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei.
solitary nucleus central part
central part of the solitary nucleus
nucleus of the solitary tract, central part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3376
refers to one of ten to twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
It is one of five subdivisions of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei.
solitary nucleus commissural part
commissural part of the solitary nucleus
solitary nucleus, commissural part
nucleus of the solitary tract, commissural part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3377
refers to one of ten to twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
It is one of five subdivisions of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei.
solitary nucleus, gelatinous part
nucleus of the solitary tract, gelatinous part
solitary nucleus gelatinous part
gelatinous part of the solitary nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3378
refers to one of ten to twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
It is one of five subdivisions of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei.
lateral part of the solitary nucleus
nucleus of the solitary tract, lateral part
solitary nucleus, lateral part
solitary nucleus lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3379
refers to one of five parts of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei. The other zone, the rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus, is involved in taste perception ( Swanson-2004 ).
caudomedial zone of the solitary nucleus
nucleus of the solitary tract, medial part, caudal zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3380
refers to one of five to twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
In the solitary nucleus (Swanson) it is subdivided into the rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus and the caudomedial zone of the solitary nucleus, which belong functionally to the medullary gustatory area and the viscerosensory nuclei respectively ( Swanson-2004 ).
nucleus of the solitary tract, medial part
medial part of the solitary nucleus
solitary nucleus medial part
solitary nucleus, medial part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3381
refers to one of four components of the parabrachial nuclei of the human. It is located along the ventrolateral boundary of the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Identified by the presence of neuromelanin containing cells, it is not found in species other than humans ( Paxinos-2012 ).
subpeduncular pigmented nucleus
subpeduncular nucleus
nucleus "X" of Fix
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382
denotes a composite midline structure that extends from the caudal medulla to the midbrain of the upper cerebrospinal trunk. It includes all of the raphe nuclei (classical) plus the interfascicular nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe, the caudal linear nucleus of the raphe, and the nucleus incertus ( Swanson-2004 ).
All of the component nuclei are found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). All except the nucleus incertus are found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the nuclei are part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).
raphe nuclei (functional)
raphe nuclei
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3383
refers to one of three or four subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is one of five to seven subnuclei in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ).
interpeduncular nucleus, rostral part
interpeduncular nucleus, rostral subnucleus
rostral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3384
refers to one of three subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ). It is one of five to seven subnuclei in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is not identified in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ).
interpeduncular nucleus, apical subnucleus
apical subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3385
refers to one of three subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). While it is not reported in the human, the human has a dorsolateral subnucleus, which is lacking in the macaque ( Paxinos-2012 ).
The lateral subnucleus is one of five to seven subnuclei in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). In rodents it is further subdivided into a dorsal part of the lateral subnucleus, intermediate part of the lateral subnucleus, ventral part of the lateral subnucleus and rostral part of the lateral subnucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus
interpeduncular nucleus, lateral part
lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3386
refers to one of four parts of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus, dorsal part
interpeduncular nucleus, dorsolateral part
dorsal part of the lateral subnucleus
interpeduncular nucleus, dorsolateral subnucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3387
refers to one of four parts of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus, intermediate part
intermediate part of the lateral subnucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3388
refers to one of four parts of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral part of the lateral subnucleus
interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3389
refers to one of four parts of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).
rostral part of the lateral subnucleus
interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus, rostral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3390
refers to one of five to seven subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is not identified in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ).
interpeduncular nucleus, intermediate part
interpeduncular nucleus, intermediate subnucleus
intermediate subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3391
refers to one of five or six subdivisions of the interpeduncular nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
interpeduncular nucleus, central part
interpeduncular nucleus, central subnucleus
central subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3392
refers to one of three or four subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is one of seven subnuclei in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).
interpeduncular nucleus, caudal subnucleus
caudal subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3393
refers to one of six or seven subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b; Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ).
dorsomedial subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus
interpeduncular nucleus, dorsomedial subnucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394
refers to a functionally defined set of nuclei and parts of nuclei in the midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord of the cerebrospinal trunk, which contain neurons with axons that pass in cranial nerves and spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system to innervate the extraocular muscles, muscles of the face, and skeletal musculature. The pools include the oculomotor nuclear complex, trochlear nucleus, abducens nucleus, accessory abducens nucleus, motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, facial nucleus, accessory facial nucleus, efferent cochlear group, efferent vestibular nucleus, dorsal division of the ambiguous nucleus, accessory nerve nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus and anterior gray column of the spinal cord. Functionally the somatic motoneuron pools comprise one of two motoneuron groups. The other is the neuroendocrine motor zone ( Swanson-2004 ).
somatic motoneuron pools
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3395
N/A
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division, medial parvicellular part, ventral zone
ventromedial parvicellular zone of the paraventricular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3396
N/A
dorsal parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division, dorsal parvicellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3397
N/A
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division, lateral parvicellular part
lateral parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3398
N/A
fornical part of the paraventricular nucleus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division, forniceal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3399
refers to a small group of dopaminergic cells located rostral to most of the A8 cell group, which is located in the retrorubral field of the human ( Halliday-2012 ).
midbrain reticular fields
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3400
refers to one of two components of the lateral reticular nucleus as identified by Nissl stain in the medullary reticular formation of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It may be equivalent to the combination of two parts of the nucleus identified by multiple stains: the lateral reticular nucleus proper and the subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus.
magnocellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus
lateral reticular nucleus, magnocellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3401
refers to a component of the lateral reticular nucleus as identified by Nissl stain and by multiple stains ( Paxinos-2012 ). Part of the medullary reticular formation, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). A second component defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) is the magnocellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus. Two other components defined by multiple stains in primates and the rat are the lateral reticular nucleus proper and the subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus. The mouse has one other part identified by multiple stains, the lateral reticular nucleus proper ( Franklin-2008 ).
parvicellular division of the lateral reticular nucleus
parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus
lateral reticular nucleus, parvicellular part
parvicellular part of LRt
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3402
refers to the largest component of the lateral reticular nucleus as identified by multiple stains. Part of the medullary reticular formation, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Two other components in the primates and the rat are the parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus and the subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus. The mouse has one other part, the parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus ( Franklin-2008 ).
lateral reticular nucleus proper
lateral reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3403
refers to one of three components of the lateral reticular nucleus as identified by multiple stains. Part of the medullary reticular formation, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), and the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ). The other two components are the lateral reticular nucleus proper and the parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus.
lateral reticular nucleus, subtrigeminal part
subtrigeminal division
subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3404
refers to the more rostral of two cell groups located in the floor of the fourth ventricle between the nucleus prepositus and the midline of the medulla in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Oertel-1969 ). The other is the oral paramedian nucleus. Some authors regard the oral nucleus as part of the dorsal nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
nucleo paramediano dorsale
núcleo reticular paramediano dorsal
dorsal paramedian nucleus
Nucleus paramedianus dorsalis
заднее парамедианное ядро
caudal dorsal paramedian nucleus
Nucleus paramedianus posterior
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3405
refers to the more caudal of two cell groups located in the floor of the fourth ventricle between the nucleus prepositus and the midline of the medulla in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). The other is the dorsal paramedian nucleus. Some authors regard the oral nucleus as part of the dorsal nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).
oral dorsal paramedian nucleus
oral paramedian nucleus
Nucleus paramedianus oralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3406
refers to one of two parts of the medial habenula of the rat. The other is the ventral part of the medial habenula. In this segmentation of the habenula, the lateral habenula is not subdivided ( Swanson-2004 ).
Other authors do not subdivide the medial habenula in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) or the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) but divide the lateral habenula of into a medial part of the lateral habenula and lateral part of the lateral habenula.
Neither nucleus of the habenula is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial habenula, dorsal part
dorsal part of the medial habenula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3408
refers to one of two parts of the lateral habenula of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the lateral part of the lateral habenula. In this segmentation of the habenula, the medial habenula is not subdivided.
Other authors do not subdivide the lateral habenula in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) but divide the medial habenula into a dorsal part of the medial habenula and ventral part of the medial habenula.
Neither nucleus of the habenula is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral habenular nucleus, medial part
medial part of the lateral habenula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3409
refers to one of two parts of the lateral habenula of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the medial part of the lateral habenula. In this segmentation of the habenula, the medial habenula is not subdivided.
Other authors do not subdivide the lateral habenula in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) but divide the medial habenula into a dorsal part of the medial habenula and ventral part of the medial habenula.
Neither nucleus of the habenula is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral part of the lateral habenula
lateral habenular nucleus, lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3410
refers to one of two parts of the medial habenula of the rat. The other is the dorsal part of the medial habenula. In this segmentation of the habenula, the lateral habenula is not subdivided ( Swanson-2004 ).
Other authors do not subdivide the medial habenula in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) or the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) but divide the lateral habenula into a medial part of the lateral habenula and lateral part of the lateral habenula.
Neither nucleus of the habenula is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial habenula, ventral part
ventral part of the medial habenula
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411
refers to the part of the functionally-defined central gray that largely surrounds the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain tegmentum ( Swanson-2004 ). Based primarily on studies in the rat, it includes four nuclei in addition to the classical periaqueductal gray: the precommissural nucleus, medial accessory oculomotor nucleus, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and nucleus of Darkshevich.
In the motor definition, the periaqueductal gray is subdivided somewhat differently than in the classical version. It is composed of a narrow medial division of the periaqueductal gray, which surrounds the cerebral aqueduct throughout its course; the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray, which caps the aqueduct as it emerges from beneath the posterior commissure and extends caudally to the junction of the aqueduct with the fourth ventricle; the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray that lies lateral to it throughhalf of its course; the commissural nucleus, the rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray, and the rostrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray, which occupy the area ventral to the dorsomedial and dorsolateral divisions and lateral to the medial division in the rostral quarter of the periaqueductal gray, and the ventrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray, which occupies that area in the caudal three quarters of the structure.
Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray is a component of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
motor periaqueductal gray
periaqueductal gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3413
refers to a small group of neurons staining for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase) in the periaqueductal gray of the human. They are located about one third of the length of the periqueductal gray from its caudal extreme. The cells are distributed on both sides of the boundary between the lightly staining lateral periaqueductal gray and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray ( Carrive-2012 ). Functionally the intercalated periaqueductal gray belongs to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column in the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ).
intercalated periaqueductal gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3414
refers to a subdivision of the periaqueductal gray as segmented in the functionally defined motor periaqueductal gray. It is a narrow band of cells that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct throughout its course. It represents the medial most portion of each of the four longitudinal columns of the classical periaqueductal gray. Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.
medial division of the periaqueductal gray
periaqueductal gray, medial division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3417
refers to the largest of three divisions of the rostral third of the periaqueductal gray as segmented in the functionally defined motor periaqueductal gray. It is a wide band of cells bounded by the other divisions: medially by the medial division of the periaqueductal gray and laterally, through a portion of its extent, by the rostrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray. Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.
periaqueductal gray, rostromedial division
rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3418
refers to one of three divisions of the rostral third of the periaqueductal gray as segmented in the functionally defined motor periaqueductal gray. It is a narrow band of cells bounded medially by the rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray and laterally by the nucleus of the posterior commissure and the midbrain reticular nucleus. The third component of the rostral third of the motor periaqueductal gray is the rostral third of the medial division of the periaqueductal gray. Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.
rostrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray
periaqueductal gray, rostrolateral division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3421
refers to one of eleven components of the motor periaqueductal gray. It represents the combination of the lateral periaqueductal gray and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in the classical segmentation of periaqueductal gray ( Carrive-2012 ).
For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat. The motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ).
Griseum centrale mesencephali, subnucleus lateralis
lateroventral periaqueductal gray
PAGvl
lateral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray
periaqueductal gray, ventrolateral division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3424
refers to one of three parts of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat as subdivided on the basis of multiple criteria. The others are the posterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the dorsomedial nucleus is part of the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part
anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3425
refers to one of three parts of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat as subdivided on the basis of multiple criteria. The others are the anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the dorsomedial nucleus is part of the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part
posterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3426
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of small, moderately packed neurons located lateral to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
juxtaparaventricular region of the lateral hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, juxtaparaventricular region
juxtaparaventricular region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3427
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of small to medium sized, densely packed neurons located lateral to the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
juxtadorsomedial region
juxtadorsomedial region of the lateral hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, juxtadorsomedial region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3428
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of loosely packed neurons located lateral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
juxtaventromedial region
juxtaventromedial region of the lateral hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, juxtaventromedial region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3429
refers to one of two zones of the juxtaventromedial region in the rat. The other is the ventral zone of the juxtaventromedial region. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of loosely packed neurons that receive input from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. They are located lateral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally the cell groups belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal zone of the juxtaventromedial region
juxtaventromedial region, dorsal zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3430
refers to one of two zones of the juxtaventromedial region in the rat. The other is the dorsal zone of the juxtaventromedial region. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of neurons that differ from those of the dorsal zone in that they are even less densely packed and they receive no input from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. They are located lateral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally the cell groups belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
juxtaventromedial region, ventral zone
ventral zone of the juxtaventromedial region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3431
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections. It is composed of three zones: the dorsal zone of the anterior region, the intermediate zone of the anterior region, and the ventral zone of the anterior region. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, anterior region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3432
refers to one of three zones of the anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. They are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections.The other parts are the intermediate zone of the anterior region and the ventral zone of the anterior region. Functionally, the motor lateral hypothalamus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
dorsal zone of the anterior region
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, anterior region, dorsal zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3433
refers to one of three zones of the anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. They are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections.The other parts are the dorsal zone of the anterior region and the ventral zone of the anterior region. Functionally, the motor lateral hypothalamus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, anterior region, intermediate zone
intermediate zone of the anterior region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3434
refers to one of three zones of the anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. They are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections.The other parts are the intermediate zone of the anterior region and the dorsal zone of the anterior region. Functionally, the motor lateral hypothalamus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, anterior region, ventral zone
ventral zone of the anterior region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3435
refers to the most medial part of the tuberal nucleus defined by multiple criteria in the lateral hypothalamic area at the base of the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. The intermediate part of the tuberal nucleus lies lateral to it. Functionally the tuberal nucleus belongs to the lateral motor zone of the subcortical motor nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
tuberal nucleus, subventromedial part
subventromedial part of the tuberal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3436
refers to the part of the tuberal nucleus located between the subventromedial part of the tuberal nucleus and the tereta hypothalamic nucleus components of the tuberal nucleus in the rat. Defined by multiple criteria, the four components line the lateral hypothalamic area at the base of the intermediate hypothalamic region. Functionally the tuberal nucleus belongs to the lateral motor zone of the subcortical motor nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).
intermediate part of the tuberal nucleus
tuberal nucleus, intermediate part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3437
refers to a group of small cells located ventrolaterally in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region in the human ( Saper-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), and rat ( Swanson-2004 ). In the rat it is found lateral to the terete hypothalamic nucleus. Some authors do not regard the lateral tuberal nucleus of the rat equivalent to that of the human ( Saper-2012 ).
Functionally the lateral tuberal nucleus is considered one of four parts of the tuberal nucleus, which belongs to the lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus as part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral tuberal nucleus
Nucleus tuberis hypothalami
lateral part of the tuberal nucleus
Nucleus tuberis lateralis
Nucleus tuberis
tuberal nucleus, lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3438
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. Located in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat, it is bounded ventrally by the fornix, dorsally by the zona incerta, medially by the juxtadorsomedial region and laterally by the dorsal region of the lateral hypothalamic area. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
suprafornical region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3439
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. It is located ventral to the fornix in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. It is composed of three parts: the anterior zone of the subfornical region, the posterior zone of the subfornical region and the premammillary zone of the subfornical region. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
subfornical region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3440
refers to one of three zones of the subfornical region in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. The others are the posterior zone of the subfornical region and the premammillary zone of the subfornical region. Functionally all belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
subfornical region, anterior zone
subfornical region, anterior zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3441
refers to one of three zones of the subfornical region in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. The others are the anterior zone of the subfornical region and the premammillary zone of the subfornical region. Functionally all belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior zone of the subfornical region
subfornical region, posterior zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3442
refers to one of three zones of the subfornical region in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. The others are the posterior zone of the subfornical region and the anterior zone of the subfornical region. Functionally all belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
premammillary zone of the subfornical region
subfornical region, premammillary zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3443
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. It is located laterally and ventrally in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. It differs from the dorsal region of the lateral hypothalamic area in that its cells are much more densely packed. It is composed of two parts: the medial zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus and the lateral zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, ventral region
ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3444
refers to one of two zones of the ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. It differs from the other, the lateral zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus, in that its cells are less densely distributed.Functionally both belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus
ventral region, medial zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3445
refers to one of two zones of the ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. It differs from the other, the medial zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus, in that its cells are more densely distributed. Functionally both belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 )
lateral zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus
ventral region, lateral zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3446
refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. It is located laterally and ventrally in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the posterior hypothalamic region of the rat. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 )
lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, posterior region
posterior region of the lateral hypothalamus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3447
refers to one of two parts of the pregeniculate nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is distinguished from the other part, the lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus, in that it is composed of smaller cells ( Franklin-2008 ). In that regard, it is equivalent to the rostral part of the pregeniculate nucleus in the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus
pregeniculate nucleus, parvicellular part
ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex, medial zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3448
refers to one of two parts of the pregeniculate nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is distinguished from the other part, the medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus, in that it is composed of larger cells ( Franklin-2008 ). In that regard, it is equivalent to the caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus in the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex, lateral zone
pregeniculate nucleus, macrocellular part
lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3449
refers to one of two parts of the pregeniculate nucleus in the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). It is distinguished from the other, the caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus, in that it is composed of smaller cells. In that regard, it is equivalent to the medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus in the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
rostral part of the pregeniculate nucleus
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars oralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3450
refers to one of two parts of the pregeniculate nucleus in the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). It is distinguished from the other, the caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus, in that it is composed of larger cells. In that regard, it is equivalent to the lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus in the rodent ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars caudalis
caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3451
refers to one of two components of the parapyramidal nucleus in the ventral medullary reticular formation of the rat. It is closely adjacent to the inner surface of the pyramidal tract. The other component is the superficial part of the parapyramidal nucleus. Functionally the parapyramidal nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
deep part of the parapyramidal nucleus
parapyramidal nucleus, deep part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3452
refers to one of two components of the parapyramidal nucleus in the ventral medullary reticular formation of the rat. It is located on the ventral surface of the medulla lateral to the pyramidal tract. The other component is the deep part of the parapyramidal nucleus. Functionally the parapyramidal nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
parapyramidal nucleus, superficial part
superficial part of the parapyramidal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3453
refers to one of two parts of the magnocellular reticular nucleus, the most ventral portion of the gigantocellular nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. Functionally the magnocellular reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
gigantocellular reticular nucleus, alpha part
alpha part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3454
refers to one of two parts of the magnocellular reticular nucleus, the most ventral portion of the gigantocellular nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the alpha part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. Functionally the magnocellular reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus
gigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3455
refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular division, anterior magnocellular part
anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3456
refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular division, medial magnocellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3457
refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. It has two subdivisions: the medial zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the lateral zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus.The other parts are the anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular division, posterior magnocellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3458
refers to one of two components of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The other is the lateral zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior magnocellular part, medial zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3459
refers to one of two components of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The other is the medial zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
lateral zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior magnocellular part, lateral zone
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3460
refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the periventricular parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvicellular division, anterior parvicellular part
anterior parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3461
refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the anterior parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the periventricular parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvicellular division, medial parvicellular part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3462
refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the anterior parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvicellular division, periventricular parvicellular part
periventricular parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3463
refers to the portion of the anterior gray column of the rat not occupied by the nucleus of the bulbocavernosus, Onuf's nucleus, and phrenic nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior gray column not otherwise specified
ventral horn of the spinal cord
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3464
refers to a column of cells in lamina VII of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of function as belonging to the sympathetic preganglionic pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
intercalated nucleus of the spinal cord
intercalated nucleus, spinal cord
intercalated nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3465
refers to a column of neurons in the spinal central gray located along the lateral gray column in the first thoracic (T1) through the third lumbar (L3) segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally they belong to the sympathetic preganglionic pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).
thoracolumbar autonomic nuclei
thoracolumbar system
intermediolateral spinal column, thoracolumbar division
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3466
refers to the portion of cerebral cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) that corresponds to the frontal cortex of the primate. It consists of the frontal association area, the motor cortex, the orbital areas (rodent), the prelimbic area, and the infralimbic area. Some authors define part of the infralimbic area as a separate dorsal peduncular area ( Paxinos-2009b ).
frontal cortex (rodent)
frontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3467
refers to the portion of cerebral cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) that corresponds to the temporal lobe of the primate. It consists of the piriform area, the amygdala, the hippocampal formation, the perirhinal area, the ectorhinal area, the entorhinal area, the auditory cortex, the temporal association areas, the parasubiculum, and the postsubiculum. Some authors define areas of transition between the primary areas, for example, the piriform amygdalar area ( Franklin-2008 ) and the postpiriform transition area ( Swanson-2004 ).
temporal cortex (rodent)
temporal lobe
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3472
refers to the transition from the anterior insula to the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the posterior orbital gyrus in the human ( HumanBrainInfo ).
Area orbitoinsularis
area orbitoinsularis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3473
refers to the more dorsal of two portions of the optic radiation; the other is the inferior optic radiation. The superior portion projects almost directly from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the superior bank of the calcarine sulcus, the lower border of the precuneus. Found in the human and the macaque, it conveys information from the superior part of the retina, which 'sees' the lower part of the visual field ( Crosby-1962; Carpenter-1983 ).
superior optic radiation
Baum's loop
upper optic radiation
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3474
refers to a composite superficial feature of the frontal lobe identified by dissection in the human. It is a discontinuous sulcus that consists of 2 to 4 segments located rostral and parallel to the central sulcus. The most common segments are the superior precentral sulcus and the inferior precentral sulcus. They separate the precentral gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus respectively, and they occur in most brains. Less common segments are the intermediate precentral sulcus, which appears in up to 20% of brains and separates the precentral gyrus from the middle frontal gyrus, and the marginal precentral sulcus located between the upper end of the superior segment and the longitudinal fissure ( Ono-1990 ).
The macaque has a superior precentral sulcus and an anterior subcentral sulcus. Both are short horizontal grooves embedded in the precentral gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Neither is clearly homologous to a segment of the precentral sulcus of the human. (See arcuate sulcus of the macaque.)
Equivalent features are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
sillon prérolandique
Sulcus precentralis
precentral sulcus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3475
refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe in the macaque. It is a short horizontal depression located just anterior to the central sulcus near its dorsal margin ( Bonin-1947 ). Though sometimes referred to as the superior precentral sulcus ( Szabo-1984 ), it is probably not homologous to the superior precentral sulcus of the human. (See arcuate sulcus of the macaque.)
An equivalent feature is not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
superior precentral sulcus
precentral dimple
Sulcus precentralis superior
superior precentral dimple
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3476
refers to a depression in the postcentral gyrus of the macaque ( NeuroNames ). While some authors refer to it as the posterior subcentral sulcus ( Martin-2000 ), it differs from that sulcus in the human by lack of connection to the lateral fissure. The structure in the macaque is in closer proximity to the central sulcus than to the lateral fissure.
Equivalent features are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).
posterior subcentral sulcus
inferior postcentral dimple
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3477
refers to a minor vertical groove near the occipital pole of the occipital lobe in the human. It is Identified by dissection ( Duvernoy-1992 ), In many cases it is intersected by the the lateral occipital sulcus, of which some authors consider it a part ( Van Essen Lab-2002 ). It is not topologically equivalent to the lunate sulcus of the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the macaque or the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).
lunate sulcus of the human
sulcus lunatus
Sulcus lunatus
полулунная борозда
lunate sulcus
solco lunato
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478
refers to the lateral portion of the orbital gyri in the human segmented on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. Composed of granular cortex, it is located between the agranular orbitofrontal cortex posteriorly, area 11 anteriorly, and area 13 medially.
It is one of ten subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex; the others in addition to the three mentioned, are area 10, area 14, area 24, area 25, area 32ac and area 32pl.
It is subdivided into four areas: area 47/12r, area 47/12m, area 47/12l, and area 47/12s.
The acronym 47/12 reflects its equivalence to area 47 of Brodmann in the human and area 12 (macaque). For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
The equivalent area in the macaque is area 12 (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
lateral orbital cortex
area 12
area 47/12
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3479
refers to one of four subdivisions of area 47/12 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Composed of granular cortex, it is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. Located in the medial part of the ventral surface of the lateral orbital gyrus, it is bounded laterally by area 47/12l, medially by area 13l, caudally by area 47/12s, and rostrally by area 47/12r and area 11l. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
The equivalent area in the macaque is area 12m (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 47/12m
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3480
refers to one of four subdivisions of area 47/12 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Composed of granular cortex, it is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. It is located at the lateral margin of the lateral orbital gyrus. It is bounded medially by area 47/12m, rostrally by area 47/12r, and caudally by the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. The fourth subdivision is area 47/12s. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
The equivalent area in the macaque is area 12l (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 47/12l
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3481
refers to one of four subdivisions of area 47/12 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Composed of granular cortex, it is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. It is located adjacent to the agranular orbitofrontal cortex in the posterior part of the lateral orbital gyrus and in the dorsal bank of the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure. It is bounded medially by area 47/12m. The other subdivisions are area 47/12l and area 47/12r. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
The equivalent area in the macaque is area 12o (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 47/12s
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3482
refers to one of four subdivisions of area 47/12 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Composed of granular cortex, it is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. it is located at the lateral margin of the orbital gyri, rostral to area 47/12l, and lateral to area 11l. It is bounded medially by area 47/12m. The other subdivision of area 47/12 is area 47/12s. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 12r (macaque) ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 47/12r
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483
refers to an area in the posteromedial part of the orbital gyri identified on the basis of multiple stains in the human. It is located between the agranular orbitofrontal cortex posteriorly, area 11 anteriorly, area 14 medially and area 47/12m laterally. It is one of nine subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex in the human; the others besides those mentioned are area 24, area 25, area 32ac, and area 32pl. Area 13 is subdivided into four areas: area 13a, area 13b, area 13l, and area 13m. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
The equivalent area in the macaque is area 13 (macaque). The rat has no equivalent to the rostral portion, which is composed of granular cortex. It may have an equivalent to the caudal portion, which is agranular cortex ( Wallis-2012 ). See orbital areas (rodent).
area 13
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3484
refers to one of four subdivisions of area 13 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a small area of agranular cortex located just rostral to the junction of the olfactory tract with the cerebral cortex. It is bounded medially by another small agranular area 14c, laterally by area 13m, and rostrally by area 13b. The other subdivision is area 13l. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 13a (macaque). Unlike most prefrontal cortex, which is uniquely primate and granular, it may have an equivalent in the agranular cortex of the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). See orbital areas (rodent).
area 13a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3485
refers to one of four subdivisions of area 13 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow granular area located rostral to area 13a. It is bounded medially by area 14r, laterally by area 13m, and rostrally by area 11m. The fourth subdivision is area 13l. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 13b (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 13b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3486
refers to one of four subdivisions of area 13 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow, largely granular area located rostral to the junction of the olfactory tract with the cerebral cortex. It is bounded medially by area 13b rostrally and area 13a at the caudal end. It is bounded laterally by area 13l and rostrally by area 11m. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 13m (macaque). As primarily granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 13m
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3487
refers to one of four subdivisions of area 13 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow, largely granular area located rostral to the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. It is bounded medially by area 13m, laterally by area 47/12m, and rostrally by area 11l. The other subdivisions are area 13a and area 13b. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 13l (macaque). As primarily granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 13l
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3488
refers to one of two parts of area 32 identified by Ongur-2003 in the human. It is an architectonic area identified by multiple stains in the external cingulate gyrus rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum. It is located between area 10p rostrally, area 10r ventrally, and area 9 and area 8 dorsally. Area 24a and area 24b separate it ventrocaudally from the other part of area 10, area 32pl. It is one of four subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex in the human; the others are area 32pl, area 25, and parts of area 24. It is the same as area 32 of Brodmann (human) ( Ongur-2003 ). For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Topologically it is equivalent to the pregenual part of area 32 (macaque), but architectonically it is different. In the human, only area 32pl is architectonically equivalent to area 32 (macaque). As agranular cortex it may have an equivalent in the rat; see orbital areas (rodent) ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).
area 32ac
anterior cingulate area 32
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3489
refers to an architectonic area identified by multiple stains in the subcallosal area ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum of the human. It is located between area 25 dorsally, area 10m rostrally, and area 14c ventrally. Area 24a and area 24b separate it dorsally from area 32ac.
It is one of four subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex; the others are area 32ac, area 25, and parts of area 24. For more on the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Though its location is more ventral and caudal than area 32 (macaque) ( Vogt-1987; Carmichael-1994 ), it is architectonically more similar to area 32 (macaque) than area 32ac, which is more similar topologically ( Ongur-2003 ). As agranular cortex it may have an equivalent in the rat; see orbital areas (rodent) ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).
prelimbic area 32
area 32pl
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3490
refers to an area identified architectonically by multiple stains in the subcallosal area, ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum of the human and the macaque. Considered as part of the anterior cingulate cortex, it is described as bounded rostrally by area 24 and caudally by the paraterminal gyrus and lamina terminalis. Other parts of the anterior cingulate cortex are area 24 and area 32. It is equivalent to area 25 (macaque), which is located similarly in the subcallosal area ( Vogt-2012 ).
Considered as part of the medial prefrontal cortex, it is described as located between the rostrum of the corpus callosum and lamina terminalis caudodorsally, and area 24 and area 32pl rostroventrally. It together with area 32ac, area 32pl and parts of area 24 constitute the medial prefrontal cortex in the human, A small, poorly laminated agranular area, it together with area 32pl are topologically equivalent to area 25 of Brodmann (human) ( Ongur-2003 ). For more on the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003 and Vogt-2012 ).
As agranular cortex it may have an equivalent in the orbital areas (rodent) and/or the anterior cingulate area (of the rodent) ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).
area anterogenualis simplex
area 25
visceromotor cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3491
refers to an area occupying the part of the straight gyrus that forms the lower margin of the medial surface of the frontal lobe in the human. It is identified on the basis of multiple stains. On the medial surface of the lobe it is bounded dorsally by area 10m and caudally by area 32pl. On the ventral surface it is bounded laterally and caudally by area 13. On both surfaces it is bounded rostrally by area 11m. It is one of nine subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex in the human; the others besides those mentioned are area 24, area 25, and area 32ac. Area 14 is divided into two areas: area 14r and area 14c. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
The equivalent area in the macaque is area 14 (macaque). The rat may have an equivalent to the caudal portion, area 14c, which is agranular cortex ( Wallis-2012 ). See orbital areas (rodent).
area 14
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3492
refers to one of two subdivisions of area 14 in the straight gyrus of the human frontal lobe. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow area located on the lower margin of the medial surface of the frontal lobe. On the medial surface it is bounded caudally by area 32pl and dorsally by area 10m. On the ventral surface it is bounded caudally by area 13a, and laterally by area 13b. On both surfaces it is bounded rostrally by the other subdivision, area 14r. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 14c (macaque). Unlike most prefrontal cortex, which is uniquely primate and granular, it may have an equivalent in the agranular cortex of the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). See orbital areas (rodent).
area 14c
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3493
refers to one of two subdivisions of area 14 in the straight gyrus of the human frontal lobe. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow granular area located rostral to the other subdivision, area 14c, which is agranular. On the medial surface of the lobe it is bounded dorsally by area 10m. On the ventral surface it is bounded laterally by area 13b. On both surfaces it is bounded rostrally by area 11m. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 14r (macaque).
area 14r
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3494
refers to an area occupying the transverse frontopolar gyri and the most rostral portion of the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe in the human. Granular cortex identified on the basis of multiple stains it is bounded on the orbital surface of the lobe by area 47/12. Although considered part of orbital prefrontal cortex in the macaque ( Carmichael-1994 ), in the human it extends well onto the medial surface of the frontal lobe, where it is bounded dorsally and caudally by area 9, area 32ac, area 24, and area 32pl; ventrally it is bounded by area 14 caudally and by area 11m rostrally.
It is one of 10 subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex; the others besides those mentioned are, area 13, area 25, and the agranular orbitofrontal cortex.
It has three subdivisions: area 10p, area 10r, and area 10m. The equivalent area in the macaque is area 10 (macaque), which differs in that it has only two subdivisions: area 10m (macaque) and area 10o (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, area 10 has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 10
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3495
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10, an area defined on the basis of multiple stains that occupies the transverse frontopolar gyri and most rostral portion of the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe in the human. On the ventral surface of the lobe it is bounded, from medial to lateral, by area 11m, area 11l and area 47/12r. On the medial surface of the lobe it is bounded caudally by area 9 dorsally and by area 10r ventrally. The other subdivisions of area 10 in the human are area 10r and area 10m. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 10o (macaque). The rat has a tiny area at the frontal pole that is similar in that it is granular cortex with input from the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus ( Krettek-1977 ), but it is not regarded as equivalent to area 10p in the human ( Wallis-2012 ) or area 10o (macaque) ( Preuss-1995 ).
polar portion
area 10p
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3496
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 in the human. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it occupies parts of the superior rostral gyrus and the inferior rostral gyrus on the medial surface of the frontal lobe. It is bounded rostrally by area 10p, caudally by area 10m, dorsally by area 32ac and area 9, and ventrally by area 11m. The other subdivisions of area 10 in the human are area 10p and area 10m. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
It has no architectonic equivalent in the macaque but is similar and topologically equivalent to the part of area 10m (macaque) nearest area 10o (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 10r
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3497
refers to an area occupying the middle of the orbital gyri on the underside and ventromedial margin of the frontal lobe in the human. Identified on the basis of multiple stains it is bounded rostrally by area 10, laterally by area 47/12, medially by area 10, and caudally, from lateral to medial, by area 47/12, area 13, and area 14. It has two subdivisions: area 11m and area 11l.
It is one of ten subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex in the human; the others besides those mentioned are the agranular orbitofrontal cortex, area 24, area 25, area 32ac, and area 32pl. For more on the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
The equivalent area in the macaque is area 11 (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 11
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3498
refers to the more medial of two components of area 11 in the human. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it occupies the medial one-third of the center of the orbital gyri. It is bounded rostrally by area 10p; caudally, from lateral to medial, by area 13m, area 13b, and area 14r; laterally by the other component of area 11, area 11l; and medially by area 10r. For more on the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
It is equivalent topologically and by internal structure to area 11m (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 11m
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3499
refers to the more lateral of two components of area 11 in the human. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it occupies the lateral two-thirds of the center of the orbital gyri. It is bounded rostrally by area 10p; caudally, from lateral to medial, by area 47/12m and area 13l; medially by the other component of area 11, area 11m; and laterally by area 47/12r. For more on the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area 11l (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 11l
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3500
refers to a portion of cerebral cortex that spans the junction of the anterior part of the insula and the orbital gyri in the human ( Zilles-2004 ) and the macaque ( Mesulam-1982 ). The insular component is the agranular sector of the insula, also known as 'area Ia-p'; the orbital component is the agranular orbitofrontal cortex, which has four or five components, whose acronyms begin similarly 'Ia'.
Identified on the basis of internal structure as peripaleocortex, it has a few scattered granule cells, but no clusters of granule cells that would define it as dysgranular or granular cortex. Having neither an external granular layer (II) nor an internal granular layer (IV) it is agranular cortex ( Mesulam-1984 ).
While it has no topological equivalent in the smooth cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ), it is architecturally equivalent to the rodent's agranular insular cortex, which is located rostrally on the ventrolateral surface of the cerebral cortex. It is dorsal to the piriform area and ventral to the gustatory cortex and visceral cortex.
insulo-orbital agranular cortex
insulo-orbital cortex
agranular insula
area Ia
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501
refers to one of two components of the insulo-orbital agranular cortex of the human ( Ongur-2003 ) and the macaque ( Carmichael-1994 ). While the authors of both studies refer to it as 'agranular_insula', or the orbital part thereof, it is topologically located entirely on the posterolateral surface of the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe. The other component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex is the agranular sector of the insula.
Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is identified by multiple stains. Caudally it is continuous with the agranular sector of the insula. It is bounded rostrally by area 13 and area 47/12. It is one of nine subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex in the human; the others besides those mentioned are area 10, area 11, area 24, area 25, area 32ac, and area 32pl. In the human it has four (perhaps five, see below) subdivisions: area Iam, area Iapm, area Iai, and area Ial ( Ongur-2003 ).
The macaque has corresponding areas ( Carmichael-1994 ): area Iam (macaque), area Iapm ( macaque), area Iai (macaque), and area Ial (macaque)...plus an area Iapl (macaque), which may have an equivalent in the human located beyond the portion of cortex evaluated by authors of the human study ( Ongur-2003 ).
In the macaque, the agranular orbitofrontal cortex is one of six components of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). In that context it consists of two subdivisions: the medial agranular insular region and the lateral agranular insular region ( Carmichael-1994 ). It is considered to be the periallocortex of two paleocortical structures, the claustrum and the piriform area ( Mesulam-1982; Carmichael-1994; Zilles-2004 ).
While it has no topological equivalent in the smooth cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ), its parent structure, insulo-orbital agranular cortex, is architecturally equivalent to the rodent's agranular insular cortex. That is located rostrally on the ventrolateral surface of the cerebral cortex, dorsal to the piriform area and ventral to the gustatory cortex and visceral cortex.
Note that the insulo-orbital agranular cortex is different from, and does not overlap, the agranular insular cortex (Roberts), which is based on a different segmentation of the insula.
orbitofrontal cortex, agranular-periallocortical
agranular insula
orbito-insular cortex
agranular orbitofrontal cortex
orbito-insular area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3502
refers to one of four subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. Located at the posterior border of the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex, it is defined by internal structure on the basis of multiple stains. It is bounded laterally by area Iapm, medially by the anterior olfactory nucleus, rostrally by area 13l, and caudally by the agranular sector of the insula. The other three subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex are area Iapm, area Iai, and area Ial. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area Iam (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse, see agranular insular cortex.
area Iam
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3503
refers to one of four subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. Located at the posterior border of the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex, it is defined by internal structure on the basis of multiple stains. It is bounded laterally by area Iai, medially by area Iam, rostrally by area 47/12m, and caudally by the agranular sector of the insula. The other three subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex are area Iam, area Iai, and area Ial. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area Iapm (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse, see agranular insular cortex.
area Iapm
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3504
refers to one of four subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is located on the lateral part of the posterior orbital gyrus. Occupying the dorsal wall of the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure, it is bounded medially by area Iai, and caudally by the agranular sector of the insula. The other three subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex are area Iam, area Iapm, and area Iai. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area Ial (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse, see agranular insular cortex.
area Ial
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3505
refers to one of four subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. Located at the posterior border of the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex, it is defined by internal structure on the basis of multiple stains. It is bounded laterally by area Ial, medially by area 47/12s, rostrally by area 47/12l, and caudally by the agranular sector of the insula. The other three subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex are area Iam, area Iapm, and area Ial. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
Its equivalent in the macaque is area Iai (macaque) ( Ongur-2003 ). For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse, see agranular insular cortex.
area Iai
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3506
refers to one of two parts of prefrontal cortex in the human ( Ongur-2003 ) and the macaque ( Carmichael-1994 ). It is defined and segmented on the basis of connectivity and internal structure as defined by multiple histological and immunohistological stains. In the human it occupies the entire orbital gyri, the transverse frontopolar gyri, the straight gyrus, the inferior rostral gyrus, the superior rostral gyrus, and part of the anterior cingulate gyrus. It is composed of the orbital prefrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex, which are segmented into ten general areas: the agranular orbitofrontal cortex, area 10, area 11, area 47/12, area 13, area 14, area 24, area 25, area 32ac and area 32pl. Those are further divided into more than 20 primary areas, each of which was shown to differ from adjacent areas by at least two stains.
The orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque) has architechturally equivalent areas that are similarly named except that the equivalent to area 47/12 is area 12 (macaque). The only substantive difference is that the macaque lacks an area 32ac, and area 32 (macaque), which is topologically equivalent to area 32ac, is architectonically more similar to the human area 32pl ( Ongur-2003 ).
In both species the orbital prefrontal cortex is largely granular cortex, which has no equivalent in the rat. Only the most caudal strip of the orbital prefrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex are agranular ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ). Their equivalents may be found in the orbital areas (rodent) and the agranular insular cortex of the rodent.
orbitomedial prefrontal cortex
orbital and medial prefrontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3508
refers to one of two components of prefrontal cortex defined on the basis of internal structure in the human and the macaque. It is located on the outer and upper surfaces of the frontal lobe. In the human it occupies the lateral and rostral parts of the transverse frontopolar gyri, the superior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, and the inferior frontal gyrus. It is topologically similar in the macaque, except that the macaque lacks transverse frontopolar gyri.
In both human and macaque it is composed of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The other component of prefrontal cortex is the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. Some authors distinguish a frontopolar area in the human ( Petrides-2012 ), but not the macaque ( Petrides-2009 ).
Early authors used the term 'dorsolateral' prefrontal cortex to refer to the entire lateral prefrontal cortex, as distinct from the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex ( Preuss-1995 ).
The rat, lacking significant granular cortex at the frontal pole does not have an equivalent cortical area ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
lateral prefrontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3509
refers to the more dorsal of two components of lateral prefrontal cortex in primates. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located predominantly in the rostral parts of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. It includes area 8, area 9, area 9/46, and area 46 of both the human and the macaque ( Petrides-2012 ). The other component of lateral prefrontal cortex is the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Early authors used the term "dorsolateral prefrontal cortex" to refer the entire lateral prefrontal cortex as distinct from the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, and some have used it in reference to other combinations of areas in the lateral prefrontal cortex and orbitomedial prefrontal cortex ( Preuss-1995 ).
Lateral prefrontal cortex is granular cortex rostral to the motor cortex and thus has no equivalent in the rat ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3510
refers to the more ventral of two components of lateral prefrontal cortex in primates. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located predominantly in the rostral parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. It is found in both the human and the macaque. It is composed of area 44 and area 45. Some authors include the lateral part of area 47/12, area 47/12l, which is located at the ventrolateral margin of the frontal lobe ( Petrides-2012 ). That, as one of four components of area 47/12, is more parsimoniously considered part of orbitomedial prefrontal cortex.
The other component of lateral prefrontal cortex is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( Petrides-2012 ). The lateral prefrontal cortex has no equivalent in the rat ( Preuss-1995 ).
ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3511
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 in the human. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it occupies caudal parts of the superior rostral gyrus and the inferior rostral gyrus on the medial surface of the frontal lobe. It is bounded rostrally by area 10r, caudally by area 32pl, dorsally by area 24, and ventrally by area 14. The other subdivisions of area 10 in the human are area 10p and area 10r. It is equivalent to area 10m (macaque). For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.
It is equivalent to area 10m (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).
area 10m
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512
refers to a segmentation of the orbital gyri on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. One of two subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, it is composed of six areas. In the human they are: area 10, area 11, area 47/12, area 13, area 14, and the agranular orbitofrontal cortex ( Ongur-2003 ). In the macaque they are the same, except that area 47/12 is named area 12 (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). The other division of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex is the medial prefrontal cortex.
In both the human and the macaque the orbital prefrontal cortex is largely granular cortex, which has no equivalent in the rat. Only the most caudal strip of the orbital prefrontal cortex is agranular. The equivalent of that narrow area may be found in the orbital areas (rodent) and the agranular insular cortex of the rodent ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).
orbital prefrontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3513
refers to a cortical area on the medial surface of the frontal lobe that is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure, as well as by connectivity and functional criteria ( Vogt-2012 ). Topologically, in the human, it coincides approximately with the superior rostral gyrus and inferior rostral gyrus, which lie rostral to the anterior cingulate gyrus and subcallosal area. In the macaque it lies in a rostral extension of the anterior cingulate gyrus.
Architectonically it is the largest and most rostral part of the anterior cingulate cortex. In the human, it is bounded caudoventrally by area 24b and caudodorsally by area 24c; rostrally it is bounded by area 9 and area 10; ventrally it abuts area 47/12; and dorsally it is continuous with area 32'. It is subdivided into area s32, area p32, and area d32. In the macaque the boundaries are similar except that it abuts area 25 (macaque) caudoventrally and area 10m rostroventrally. The combination of area 32 and area 32' in the human corresponds to area 32 of Brodmann (human) ( Vogt-2012 ).
There is considerable diversity of opinion with regard to appropriate cytoarchitectonic parcellation of this region within species and regarding equivalent areas of the region in the human and the macaque ( Carmichael-1994, Ongur-2003; and Vogt-2012 ). Some authors classify the area as part of medial prefrontal cortex (see area 32ac and area 32pl of the human, Ongur-2003, and area 32 (macaque) of Carmichael-1994 ). Others classify it as part of anterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
The equivalent in the rat and mouse may be the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
area paragenualis
area 32
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3515
refers to an area defined by internal structure posteriorly in the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains in the human, it is bounded rostrally by area 9 and area 9/46, caudally by area 6. It extends onto the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus where it is bounded, approximately at the cingulate sulcus, by area 24 and/or area 32ac, depending on the author. On the lateral surface it is bounded caudoventrally by area 44. It has two subdivisions: area 8A and area 8B.
Architectonically it is part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is perhaps the most variably segmented part of human cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ). In this segmentation it is one of four parts. The others are area 9, area 9/46, and area 46 ( Petrides-2012 ).
Its equivalent in the macaque is similarly located ( Petrides-2009 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 8
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3516
refers to the more lateral of two components of area 8 in the human. It is located posteriorly in the medial frontal gyrus. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded dorsally by area 8B, rostrally by area 9/46; caudally by area 6, and ventrocaudally by area 44. It has two parts, area 8Ad and area 8Av.
Its equivalent in the macaque is located in the angle of the arcuate sulcus ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 8a of cortex
area 8A
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3517
refers to the more dorsal and medial of two components of area 8 in the human. It is located posteriorly in the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded rostrally by area 9 and caudally by area 6; on the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus it is bounded ventrally by area 24 and area 32ac; on the dorsal surface it is bounded laterally by the other component of area 8, area 8A.
Its equivalent in the macaque is similarly located, with the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus representing the boundary between it and area 8A ( Petrides-2012 ). Functionally it is referred to as the Premotor Ear-Eye Field, (PEEF) ( Lanzilotto-2015 ).
As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 8 of cortex
Premotor Ear-Eye Field
area 8B
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3518
refers to the more dorsal of two components of area 8A. In the human it is located posteriorly in the middle frontal gyrus. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded rostrally by area 9/46d, caudally by area 6; dorsally by area 8B and ventrally by the other component of area 8A, area 8Av.
Its equivalent in the macaque is similarly located with its upper boundary at the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus and its lower boundary partially defined by the principal sulcus ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 8Ad of cortex, anterodorsal part
area 8Ad
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3519
refers to the more ventral of two components of area 8A. In the human it is located posteriorly in the middle frontal gyrus. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded rostrally by area 9/46v, caudodorsally by area 6; caudoventrally by area 44 and dorsally by the other component of area 8A, area 8Ad.
Its equivalent in the macaque is similarly located with its lower boundary at the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and its upper boundary partially defined by the principal sulcus ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 8Av
area 8Av of cortex, anteroventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3520
refers to an area defined by internal structure and located rostrally in the superior frontal gyrus. Bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus, it extends onto the medial surface of the hemisphere where it is bounded by the cingulate sulcus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded rostrally by area 10, caudally by area 8, laterally by area 9/46, and on the medial surface, ventrally, by area 32ac ( Petrides-2012 ). Architectonically it is part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is one of the most variably segmented parts of human cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ). In this segmentation it is one of four parts. The others are area 8, area 9/46, and area 46.
Its equivalent in the macaque is similarly located, except that it is partially bounded laterally by area 46. Also, in the macaque it is subdivided into area 9M and area 9L ( Petrides-2009 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 9 of cortex
area 9
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3521
refers to one of two components of area 9 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque. Defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein, it is the part of area 9 located on the dorsal aspect of the superior frontal gyrus. The other component is area 9M ( Petrides-2009 ).
area 9L
area 9L of cortex, lateral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3522
refers to one of two components of area 9 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque. Defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein, it is the part of area 9 located on the medial aspect of the superior frontal gyrus. The other component is area 9L ( Petrides-2009 ).
area 9M of cortex, medial part
area 9M
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3524
refers to an area defined by internal structure and located centrally in the middle frontal gyrus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded caudally by area 8A above and area 44 below, rostrally by area 10, dorsally by the superior frontal sulcus and area 9, and ventrally by the middle frontal sulcus and area 45. Embedded in its rostral portion is area 46. It is subdivided into two parts, area 9/46d and area 9/46v. It is named 9/46, because, while it occupies an area topologically equivalent to area 9 of Brodmann (human) ventral to the superior frontal sulcus, it shares architectonic features both of area 9 of Brodmann (human) and of area 46 of Brodmann ( Petrides-2012 ). Architectonically it is part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is one of the most variably segmented parts of human cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ). In this segmentation it is one of four parts. The others are area 8, area 9, and area 46.
Its equivalent in the macaque is located similarly, except that area 46 is not embedded but extends rostrally from it into area 10. ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 9/46 of cortex
area 9/46
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3525
refers to one of two components of area 9/46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the human ( Petrides-2012 ) and the macaque ( Petrides-2009 ). Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is the part of area 9/46 located dorsal to the middle frontal sulcus in the human and dorsal to the principal sulcus in the macaque. The other component is area 9/46v. As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 9/46d
area 9/46 of cortex, dorsal part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3526
refers to one of two components of area 9/46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the human ( Petrides-2012 ) and the macaque ( Petrides-2009 ). Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is the part of area 9/46 located venral to the middle frontal sulcus in the human and ventral to the principal sulcus in the macaque. The other component is area 9/46d. As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 9/46v
area 9/46 of cortex, ventral part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3527
refers to an area defined by internal structure and located centrally in the middle frontal gyrus. It is identified on the basis of multiple stains. A roughly circular area in the human, it is surrounded, except for its rostral tip, by area 9/46. It is equivalent to area 46 of Brodmann. Architectonically it is one of four parts of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The others are area 8, area 9, and area 9/46 ( Petrides-2012 ).
Its equivalent in the macaque is topologically similar, except that it is more oval in shape and is not embedded in area 9/46; it extends rostrally from area 9/46, ventral to area 9 and dorsal to area 12 ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 46 of cortex
area 46
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3528
refers to one of two components of area 46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque. Defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein, it is the part of area 46 located dorsal to the principal sulcus. The other component is area 46V ( Petrides-2009 ).
area 46D
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3529
refers to one of two components of area 46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque. Defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein, it is the part of area 46 located ventral to the principal sulcus. The other component is area 46D ( Petrides-2009 ).
area 46V
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3530
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe defined by internal structure. It is located caudally in the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow vertical strip separated more or less topologically as follows: caudally, from the precentral gyrus by the precentral sulcus; rostrally, from the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure; dorsally from the middle frontal gyrus by the inferior frontal sulcus; and ventrally from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus.
Architectonically, it and area 45 constitute the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. It is bounded caudally by area 6, rostrally by area 45, and dorsally by area 9/46 and area 8 ( Petrides-2012 ). Equivalent to area 44 of Brodmann, it and area 45 are considered to represent the main part of Broca's area ( Zilles-2012 ).
Functionally area 44 and area 45 are considered part of motor cortex, namely, the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (PMVr in the human, F5 in the macaque) ( Matelli-2004 ).
The macaque equivalent is topologically similar, except that it is smaller in comparison to area 45 and is located entirely in the caudal wall of the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 44
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3531
refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe defined by internal structure. It is located in the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains, it is separated more or less topologically as follows: caudally, from the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure; rostrally, from the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus by the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure; dorsally from the middle frontal gyrus by the inferior frontal sulcus; and ventrally from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus.
Architectonically, it and area 44 constitute the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. It is bounded caudally by area 44, rostroventrally by area 47/12, and rostrodorsally by area 9/46. It has two components: an anterior area 45A and posterior area 45B.( Petrides-2012 ).
Equivalent to area 45 of Brodmann, it and area 44 are considered to represent Broca's area ( Zilles-2012 ). Functionally area 45 and area 44 are considered part of motor cortex, namely, the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (PMVr in the human; F5 in the macaque) ( Matelli-2004 ).
The macaque equivalent is topologically, architectonically, and functionally similar ( Petrides-2012; Matelli-2004 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 45
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3532
refers to the more anterior of two parts of area 45 in the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the human and the macaque; the more posterior part is area 45B ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 45A
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3533
refers to the more posterior of two parts of area 45 in the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the human and the macaque; the more anterior part is area 45A ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).
area 45B
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3534
refers to an area located at the junction of the insula and parietal lobe, which has been proposed by some to be the core vestibular region. though responses to stimulation of vestibular pathways have also been recorded in other parts of the parietal lobe, including somatosensory cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including connectivity, electrophysiology, and fMRI, it involves the granular insula, the adjacent parietal operculum, and the retroinsular area. It is found in the human and the macaeque ( Lopez-2011; see also 'Publications About It' > e-publication).
parieto-insular vestibular cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3535
refers to to a large portion of cerebral cortex on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It is segmented on the basis of multiple criteria including connectivity and internal structure as defined by multiple histological and immunohistological stains ( Vogt-2012 ). It represents essentially the same territory included in the cingulate region of Brodmann-1909.
In the human it includes the entire cingulate gyrus and subcallosal area of the limbic lobe, rostrally adjacent margins of the superior frontopolar gyrus and the superior rostral gyrus of the frontal lobe, and, caudally, part of the precuneus of the parietal lobe. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that the macaque has no superior frontopolar gyrus or superior rostral gyrus.
The cingulate cortex of the primate has four parts: the anterior cingulate cortex, the midcingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex. Equivalents in the rat and mouse may be the anterior cingulate area (of the rodent) ( Swanson-2004 ) and the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ).
four-region neurobiological model
cingulate cortex
cingulate regions
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3536
refers to one of four parts of the cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). It is an area of agranular cortex defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The others are the midcingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex.
In the human the anterior cingulate cortex is located rostrally in the cingulate gyrus and the subcallosal area of the limbic lobe as well as adjacent parts of the frontal lobe: the superior frontopolar gyrus and the superior rostral gyrus. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that the macaque has no superior frontopolar gyrus or superior rostral gyrus.
It has seven components, which, listed in radial order from the corpus callosum, are area 33*, area 25, area 24a, area 24b, area 24cv, area 24cd, and area 32.
An alternate segmentation of the topological area occupied by the anterior cingulate cortex is referred to as the medial prefrontal cortex. In the human it is composed of area 24a, area 24b, area 25, area 32pl, and area 32ac ( Ongur-2003 ). In the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque) it includes area 24 (macaque), area 25 (macaque), and area 32 (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).
The equivalent in the rat and mouse may be the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior cingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3537
refers to a narrow band of thin cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus at its junction with the corpus callosum. Found only in the human, it is located in the depth of the callosal sulcus, it is equivalent to area 33 of Brodmann.
Defined on the basis of internal structure, its outer boundary is with area 24. It is divided into three parts: area 33*, area a33', and area p33'. The nomenclature for this area can be confusing, because authors use the same term for the subdivision, area 33*, as for area 33 itself ( Vogt-2012 ).
ectogenual cortex
area 33
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3538
refers to the part of area 33 located between area 24 and the corpus callosum in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human ( Vogt-2012 ). It has no equivalent in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ).
area 33*
area 33
area 33 of the ACC
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3539
refers to the part of the anterior midcingulate cortex that is located in the upper bank of the callosal sulcus where the anterior cingulate gyrus meets the corpus callosum. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is bounded ventrally by the corpus callosum and dorsally by area a24a'. It has no equivalent in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
area a33'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3540
refers to the part of the posterior midcingulate cortex that is located in the upper bank of the callosal sulcus where the anterior cingulate gyrus meets the corpus callosum. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is bounded ventrally by the corpus callosum and dorsally by area p24a'. It has no equivalent in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
area p33'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3541
refers to the part of cingulate cortex that is located largely in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe. In the human it forms an arc around the genu of the corpus callosum. Its outer border corresponds approximately to the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by area 33, externally by area 32, caudally by area 23, and rostrally, beneath the genu of the corpus callosum, by area 25. It is equivalent to area 24 of Brodmann (human) ( Vogt-1995 ).
In the macaque, area 24 is also located largely in the anterior cingulate gyrus. Its location relative to other cytoarchitecturally defined areas is similar to that of the human, except that it is bounded rostrally by area 32 and, since the macaque lacks an area 33, its inner boundary is directly with the corpus callosum. It is equivalent to area 24 of Brodmann-1909 (guenon) ( Vogt-1987 ).
In both species it has three parts. In radial order, from the corpus callosum out, they are area 24a, area 24b, and area 24c. Each of those has three subdivisions corresponding to its intersection with the anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior midcingulate cortex, or the posterior midcingulate cortex. Altogether, authors list 12 divisions and subdivisions in the human, 9 in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
The description above corresponds to area 24 as a component of the cingulate cortex. Some authors consider parts of it as components of medial prefrontal cortex. Their segmentation in the human is similar ( Ongur-2003 ), but in the macaque is somewhat different ( Carmichael-1994 ). See area 24 (macaque). The nomenclature is confused, because authors use the term ' area 24 ' in referring both to the entire area and to the part restricted to the anterior cingulate cortex. The latter is designated area 24* in NeuroNames.
Equivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).
ventral anterior cingulate area
area 24
Area cingularis anterior ventralis
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3542
refers to the portion of area 14 (macaque) on the medial surface of the frontal lobe. It is defined on the basis of topology. The portion facing the orbital (ventral) surface of the lobe is area 14O ( Paxinos-2009a ).
area 14M
area 14 of cortex, medial part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3543
refers to the portion of area 14 (macaque) on the orbital (ventral) surface of the frontal lobe. It is defined on the basis of topology. The portion facing the medial surface is area 14M ( Paxinos-2009a ).
area 14O
area 14 of cortex, orbital part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3544
refers to an area located between area 9 and area 32 (macaque) on the medial surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein ( Petrides-2009 ).
area 9/32
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3545
refers to an area located between area 8 and area 32 (macaque) on the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus in the superior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is bounded dorsally by area 8 and ventrally by area 32 (macaque). It is defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein ( Petrides-2009 ).
area 8/32
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3546
refers to an area located between area 6 and area 32 (macaque) on the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is bounded dorsally by area 6M and, in the depth of the sulcus, by area 24c (macaque) rostrally and area 23c (macaque) caudally. It is defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein ( Petrides-2009 ).
area 6/32
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3547
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 32 in the human ( Vogt-2012 ). It is the portion located in the subcallosal area caudoventral to area p32. It is topologically equivalent to area 32pl of the medial prefrontal cortex as defined by Ongur-2003. There is considerable diversity of opinion with regard to appropriate cytoarchitectonic parcellation of this region within species and regarding equivalent areas of the region in the human and the macaque. See Carmichael-1994, Ongur-2003; and Vogt-2012. An equivalent in the rat and mouse may be found in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
area s32
subgenual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3548
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 32 in the human ( Vogt-2012 ). It is the part located in the pregenual portion of the external cingulate gyrus, i.e., rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum. It is the middle subdivision, rostrodorsal to area s32 and ventral to area d32.
There is considerable diversity of opinion with regard to appropriate cytoarchitectonic parcellation of this region within species and regarding equivalent areas of the region in the human and the macaque. Vogt-1987 and Vogt-2012 do not subdivide area 32 in the macaque. See Carmichael-1994, Ongur-2003; and Vogt-2012. An equivalent in the rat and mouse may be found in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
area p32
pregenual area 32
pregenual subregion
pregenual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3549
refers to one of three subdivisions of area 32 in the human ( Vogt-2012 ). It is the portion located in the external cingulate gyrus dorsal to area p32 and rostral to area 32'. Its combination with area p32 is topologically equivalent to area 32ac of the medial prefrontal cortex as defined by Ongur-2003. There is considerable diversity of opinion with regard to appropriate cytoarchitectonic parcellation of this region within species and regarding equivalent areas of the region in the human and the macaque. Vogt-1987 and Vogt-2012 do not subdivide area 32 in the macaque. See Carmichael-1994, Ongur-2003; and Vogt-2012. An equivalent in the rat and mouse may be found in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
area d32
dorsogenual area
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3550
refers to the extension of area 32 of the anterior cingulate cortex into the anterior midcingulate cortex in the human. It is located primarily in the external cingulate gyrus caudal to area 32. Its combination with area 32 is equivalent to area 32 of Brodmann (human). It has no architectonic equivalent in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 32'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3551
refers to the innermost of three parts of area 24 in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human and the macaque. The others are area 24b and area 24c. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located in the most rostral part of the anterior cingulate gyrus, which forms the rostral bank of the callosal sulcus ( Vogt-2012 ). Note that in an earlier segmentation of the cingulate cortex of the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ), 'area 24a' referred to the combination of two current areas: area 24a and area a24a' .
As defined here, area 24a is a component of the cingulate cortex. Some authors have analyzed it as a component of medial prefrontal cortex. Their segmentation in the human is not dissimilar, but in the macaque is somewhat different ( Carmichael-1994 ). See area 24a (macaque).
Equivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterogenual simplex
area 24a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3552
refers to the middle of three parts of area 24 in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human and the macaque. The others are area 24a and area 24c. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located on the surface of the most rostral part of the anterior cingulate gyrus between the callosal sulcus and the cingulate sulcus ( Vogt-2012 ). Note that in an earlier segmentation of the cingulate cortex of the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ), 'area 24b' referred to the combination of two current areas: area 24b and area a24b'.
As defined here, area 24b is a component of the cingulate cortex. Some authors have analyzed it as a component of medial prefrontal cortex. Their segmentation in the human is not dissimilar, but in the macaque is somewhat different ( Carmichael-1994 ). See area 24b (macaque).
Equivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterogenual magnoganglionaris
area 24b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3553
refers to the outermost of three parts of area 24 in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human and the macaque. The others are area 24a and area 24b. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, area 24c is located in the walls of the cingulate sulcus where it separates the most rostral part of the anterior cingulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus. In the human, but not the macaque, it is subdivided into two areas: area 24cv in the ventral bank of the sulcus and area 24cd in the dorsal bank ( Vogt-2012 ). Note that in an earlier segmentation of the cingulate cortex of the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ), 'area 24c' referred to the combination of two current areas: area 24c and area a24c'.
As defined here, area 24c is a component of the cingulate cortex. Some authors have analyzed it as a component of medial prefrontal cortex. Their segmentation in the human is not dissimilar, but in the macaque is somewhat different ( Carmichael-1994 ). See area 24c (macaque).
Equivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
area 24c
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3554
refers to the part of area 24c located in the dorsorostral bank of the cingulate sulcus where the cingulate gyrus curves around the genu of corpus callosum in the human. The other part of area 24c, area 24cv, is located in the ventrorostral bank of the sulcus. The equivalent area 24c of the macaque is not subdivided ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24cd
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3555
refers to the part of area 24c in the human that is located in the ventrorostral bank of the cingulate sulcus where the cingulate gyrus curves around the genu of the corpus callosum. The other part of area 24c, area 24cd, is located in the dorsorostral bank of the sulcus. The equivalent area 24c of the macaque is not subdivided ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24cv
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3556
refers to one of four parts of the cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. It is defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The other parts are the anterior cingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex.
In the human the midcingulate cortex is located caudally in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe and the adjacent border of the superior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe...the superior bank of the cingulate sulcus. Its location in the macaque is limited to the cingulate gyrus. In both species it is divided into two parts: the anterior midcingulate cortex and the posterior midcingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
The equivalent in the rat and mouse may be located in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
midcingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3557
refers to the more rostral of two parts of the midcingulate cortex, which is located caudally in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. The more caudal part is the posterior midcingulate cortex. In humans the vertical boundary between the two is approximated by the VCA line. Both are defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function.
In the human the anterior midcingulate cortex is composed of five parts organized from the corpus callosum out as area a33', area a24a', area a24b', area a24c', and area 32'. The latter, area 32', extends across the cingulate sulcus into the adjacent part of the superior frontal gyrus. It is similar in the macaque, except that the macaque lacks an inner area a33' and an outer area 32' ( Vogt-2012 ).
The equivalent in the rat and mouse may be located in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
anterior midcingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3558
refers to the more caudal of two parts of the midcingulate cortex located caudally in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. The other part is the anterior midcingulate cortex. In humans the boundary between the two is approximated by the VCA line. Both are defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function.
In the human the posterior midcingulate cortex is composed of five parts organized from the corpus callosum out as area p33', area p24a', area p24b', and area p24d. It is similar in the macaque, except that the macaque lacks an inner area p33' ( Vogt-2012 ). ( Vogt-2012 ).
The equivalent in the rat and mouse may be located in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior midcingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3559
refers to a part of the anterior midcingulate cortex, which is located rostral to the posterior midcingulate cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. It is located on the lower margin of the gyrus in the upper bank of the callosal sulcus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. In the human it is bounded laterally by area a33' and dorsally by area a24b'. In the macaque, which lacks area a33', it meets the corpus callosum in the depth of the callosal sulcus ( Vogt-2012 ).
area a24a'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3560
refers to the part of the anterior midcingulate cortex located between area 24b rostrally and area p24b' caudally on the medial surface of the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is bounded ventrally by area a24a' and dorsally by area a24c' ( Vogt-2012 ).
area a24b'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3561
refers to the part of the anterior midcingulate cortex located in the banks of the cingulate sulcus bounding the anterior cingulate gyrus. Defined on the basis of internal structure and location, it is found in the human and the macaque. In both it is bounded ventrally by area a24b'. In the human it is bounded dorsally by area 32' ; the macaque has no area 32'.
It is sometimes named differently in the human than in the macaque. In that case, it is simply area 24c'. In the human, but not the macaque, it is divided into two parts, area a24c'v and area a24c'd ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24c'
area a24c'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3562
refers to the part of area a24c' located in the lower bank of the cingulate sulcus bounding the anterior cingulate gyrus in the human. The part in the upper bank of the sulcus is area a24c'd. The area a24c' is not subdivided in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24c'v
area a24c'v
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3563
refers to the part of area a24c' located in the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus bounding the anterior cingulate gyrus in the human. The part in the lower bank of the sulcus is area a24c'v. The area a24c' is not divided in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
area a24c'd
area 24c'd
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3564
refers to a part of the posterior midcingulate cortex, which is located caudal to the anterior midcingulate cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. It is located on the margin of the gyrus, separated from the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. In the human it is bounded laterally by area p33' and dorsally by area p24b'. In the macaque, which lacks area p33', it is bounded by the corpus callosum in the depth of the callosal sulcus ( Vogt-2012 ).
area p24a'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3565
refers to the central part of the posterior midcingulate cortex located caudally in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is bounded ventrally by area p24a' and dorsally by area p24d ( Vogt-2012 ).
area p24b'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3566
refers to the part of area p24d located in the lower bank of the cingulate sulcus, where the sulcus bounds the most caudal part of the anterior cingulate gyrus in the human. The part in the upper bank of the sulcus is area p24dd. It is not found in the macaque where area p24d is not subdivided ( Vogt-2012 ).
area p24dv
area 24dv
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3567
refers to the part of area p24d located in the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus where the sulcus bounds the most caudal part of the anterior cingulate gyrus in the human. The part in the lower bank of the sulcus is area p24dv. It is not found in the macaque where area p24d is not subdivided ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24dd
area p24dd
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3568
refers to one of four parts of the cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). Located on the medial surface of the hemisphere, it is defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The other components of the cingulate cortex are the anterior cingulate cortex, the midcingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex.
In the human the posterior cingulate cortex is located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and rostral portion of the precuneus with narrow extension into the parietal lobe in the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that extension into the parietal lobe is lacking. It has two components, the larger, more rostral and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and the considerably smaller, more caudal and ventral posterior cingulate cortex.
The equivalent in the rat and mouse may be in the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).
posterior cingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3569
refers to the larger of two parts of the posterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). It is defined on the basis of multiple criteria including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The other component is the ventral posterior cingulate cortex.
It is located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and rostral portion of the precuneus with a narrow extension to the parietal lobe in the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus. It has four components: area 23c, area 23d, area d23, and area d31. Its location and composition in the macaque are similar, except that extension into the parietal lobe is lacking.
It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
dorsal PCC
dorsal posterior cingulate cortex
dorsal subregion of the cingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3570
refers to the smaller, more caudal of two parts of the posterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. The other component is the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex. Both are defined on the basis of multiple criteria including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The ventral part has two components: area v23 and area v31. They span the part of the posterior cingulate gyrus caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum and the adjacent part of the precuneus.
Its location and composition in the macaque are similar except that the macaque does not have an area v31 ( Vogt-2012 ).
It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
ventral posterior cingulate cortex
area vPCC
ventral subregion of the posterior cingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3571
refers to one of four parts of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. The other parts are area 23c, area d23, and area d31. It is located in the cingulate gyrus caudal to the posterior midcingulate cortex, rostral to area d23, and ventral to area 23c. It is separated from the corpus callosum by the retrosplenial area, which occupies the upper bank of the callosal sulcus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area 23d
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3572
refers to one of four parts of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex.The other parts are area 23d, area d23, and area d31. In the human it is located in the upper and lower banks of the cingulate sulcus...in the medial parietal lobe and the cingulate gyrus respectively. It is caudal to area p24d of the posterior midcingulate cortex, dorsal to area 23d, and rostral to area d23. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that it does not extend into the upper bank of the sulcus ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area 23c
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3573
refers to one of four parts of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex.The other parts are area 23d, area 23c, and area d31. In the human it is located in the posterior cingulate gyrus dorsal to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is caudal to area 23d, ventromedial to area d31, and dorsal to area v23 of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. It has two parts: area d23a and area d23b. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that it borders the entire area 31 ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area d23
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3574
refers to one of four parts of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex.The other parts are area 23d, area 23c, and area d23. In the human it is located in the most rostral part of the precuneus. It is caudal to area d23 and dorsal to area v31 of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. It is topologically equivalent to the entire area 31 of the macaque, which has no area v31 ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the retrosplenial area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area d31
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3575
refers to one of two parts of area d23 in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. It is the part closer to the retrosplenial cortex and the corpus callosum.The other part is area d23b. ( Vogt-2012 ).
area d23a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3576
refers to one of two parts of area d23 in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. It is the part further from the retrosplenial cortex and the corpus callosum.The other part is area d23a. ( Vogt-2012 ).
area d23b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3577
refers to a cytoarchitectural subdivision of the part of cingulate cortex that is located largely in the precuneus on the medial surface of the parietal lobe. It belongs to the posterior cingulate cortex.
In the human it arches around the caudal boundaries of area d23 and area v23 caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum, and it has two parts: area d31 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and area v31 of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. The macaque area 31 corresponds to area d31 of the human; the macaque has no area corresponding architectonically to area v31. ( Vogt-2012 ).
Equivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ).
area 31
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3578
refers to one of two parts of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex.The other is area v31. In the human it is located in the posterior cingulate gyrus caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is rostroventral to area v31 and caudoventral to area d23 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex. It is divided into two parts: area v23a and area v23b.
Its location in the macaque is similar except that the macaque has no area v31. Thus, in the macaque it constitutes the entirety of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the retrosplenial area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area v23
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3579
refers to one of two parts of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex.The other is area v23. It is located in the precuneus caudal to the posterior cingulate gyrus and the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is caudodorsal to area v23 and caudoventral to area d31 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex.
In the macaque, it has no topological equivalent ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the retrosplenial area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area v31
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3580
refers to one of three parts of the architectonically defined retrosplenial cortex in the human and the macaque.The others are area 30 and area 26. All are narrow bands lined up side by side in the banks of the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, which are separated from the splenium of the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus.It is subdivided into an area 29m and area 29 ( Vogt-2012 ).
An equivalent area in the rat and mouse may be found in the retrosplenial area ( Swanson-2004 ).
area 29
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3581
refers to one of three parts of the retrosplenial cortex.The others, in the human, are area 29 and area 26; the macaque has no area 26. Area 30 is located at the lower margin of the posterior cingulate gyrus, which is separated from the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus. Architectonically it is bounded in the sulcus by area 29 and by area d23 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex on the medial surface of the gyrus ( Vogt-2012 ).
It is equivalent to area 30 (macaque) ( Vogt-1987 ) and may have partial equivalence to the retrosplenial area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
area 30
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3582
refers to a cytoarchitectural subdivision of the part of cingulate cortex that is located largely in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe. In the human it occupies most of the posterior cingulate gyrus in an arc around the splenium of the corpus callosum, as well as a portion of the adjacent precuneus...caudally, beyond the subparietal sulcus.
Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the retrosplenial cortex, which separates it from the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is bounded rostrally by area 24, and caudally by area 31. It is one of two parts of the posterior cingulate cortex, the other being area 31. It has four components: area 23c, area 23d, and area d23 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, and area v23 of the the ventral posterior cingulate cortex.
In the macaque, area 23 is located similarly with regard to the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus. Its location relative to other cytoarchitecturally defined areas is also similar to that of the human ( Vogt-2012 ). In the macaque, the internal segmentation into four components differs somewhat from that reported by the authors earlier in their studies ( Vogt-1987; Vogt-1995 ); see area 23 (macaque).
Equivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ).
area 23
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3583
refers the smallest of four parts of the cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. The others are the anterior cingulate cortex, the midcingulate cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Located in the ventral bank of the posterior cingulate cortex, it arches around the corpus callosum internally; externally it is bounded by area 23. It is continuous rostrally with area 33, which, similarly, separates area 24 from the corpus callosum.
In the human it has three components: area 30, area 29, and area 26; it is the same in the macaque, except that the macaque has no area 26 ( Vogt-2012 ). An equivalent area in the rat and mouse may be found in the retrosplenial area ( Swanson-2004 ).
retrosplenial cortex
area 29/30
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3584
refers to one of three parts of the retrosplenial cortex in the human.The others are area 29 and area 30. All are very narrow bands located side by side in the bank of the callosal sulcus, which belongs to the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus as it curves around the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is bounded externally by area v23a of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex.
Area 26 is the narrowest, shortest part of the retrosplenial cortex. It consists of a single external granular layer (IV) that is continuous rostrallywith layer III/IV of area 29l. It has no equivalent in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
ectosplenial area 26
area 26
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3585
refers to a narrow band of cortex located in the cingulate gyrus at its junction with the corpus callosum deep in the callosal sulcus. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it has two components: area 33, of the anterior cingulate cortex and midcingulate cortex, and area 26 of the posterior cingulate cortex. The more rostral area 33 is bounded by area 24a, the more caudal area 26 by area 29l. It is not found in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
ectocallosal region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3586
refers to the more ventral of two parts of anterior cingulate cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is found in the human and the macaque. It is located in the subcallosal area and is composed largely of area 25 together with area s32, the caudal extension of area 24a ( area s24a ) and of area 24b ( area s24b ). The more dorsal and rostral part is the pregenual areas. It is the same in the macaque except that area 24b of the macaque does not extend into that region ( Vogt-2012 ).
There is some diversity of reporting with regard to the cytoarchitectonic parcellation of this region within species and regarding equivalent areas of the region in the human and the macaque. The subgenual areas are also classified as parts of medial prefrontal cortex (see area 32ac and area 32pl of the human, Ongur-2003, and area 32 (macaque) of Carmichael-1994 ).
subgenual areas
subgenual subregion of the anterior cingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3587
refers to the more dorsal and rostral of two parts of anterior cingulate cortex defined on the basis of multiple criteria in the human and the macaque. Located in the anterior cingulate gyrus rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum, it is composed largely of area 32, area 24a, area 24b, and area 24c. The more ventral and caudal part is the subgenual areas ( Vogt-2012 ).
There is some diversity of opinion with regard to appropriate cytoarchitectonic parcellation of this region within species and regarding equivalent areas of the region in the human and the macaque. It is also classified as part of medial prefrontal cortex (see area 32ac and area 32pl of the human, Ongur-2003, and area 32 (macaque) of Carmichael-1994 ).
pregenual areas
pregenual subregion of the anterior cingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3588
refers to the anterior part of the topologically defined anterior cingulate gyrus. Defined on the basis of fMRI as functionally different from the caudal anterior cingulate cortex it corresponds approximately to the architectonically defined anterior cingulate cortex. The caudal anterior cingulate cortex corresponds to the architectonically defined anterior midcingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
rostral anterior cingulate cortex
rostral ACC
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3589
refers to the posterior part of the topologically defined anterior cingulate gyrus. Defined on the basis of fMRI as functionally different from the rostral anterior cingulate cortex it corresponds approximately to the architectonically defined anterior midcingulate cortex. The rostral anterior cingulate cortex corresponds to the architectonically defined anterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).
caudal ACC
caudal anterior cingulate cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3590
refers to the caudal portion of area 24a, which constitutes part of the subgenual areas of the anterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
area s24a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3591
refers to the caudal portion of area 24b, which constitutes part of the subgenual areas of the anterior cingulate cortex in the human but not the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).
area s24b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3592
refers to a combination of areas defined on the basis of internal structure by H. Braak. It corresponds approximately to the anterior cingulate cortex of the limbic lobe. It includes area 33, area 24a, area 24b, and area 32 ( Vogt-2012 ).
perigenual region
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3593
refers to the more anterior of two parts of area 25 in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human. The other is area 25p. Both are located in the subcallosal area and are differentiated on the basis of internal structure ( Vogt-2012 ),
area 25a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3594
refers to the more posterior of two parts of area 25 in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human. The other is area 25a. Both are located in the subcallosal area and are differentiated on the basis of internal structure ( Vogt-2012 ),
area 25p
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3595
refers to the part of area 24 that intersects the anterior cingulate cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. In NeuroNames, the asterisk is added to the authors' designation 'area 24' to distinguish it from their entire area 24, which extends across both the anterior cingulate cortex and the midcingulate cortex. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it has three parts: area 24a, area 24b, and area 24c ( Vogt-2012 ).
area 24*
area 24
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3596
refers to the intersection of area 24 and the midcingulate cortex in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2009 ). It is located for the most part in the caudal half of the anterior cingulate gyrus. It includes three subareas of the anterior midcingulate cortex: area a24a', area a24b', and area a24c', and three subareas of the posterior midcingulate cortex: area p24a', area p24b', and area p24d ( Vogt-2009; Vogt-2012 ).
area 24'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3597
refers to a physiologically defined group of cells ventral to the postcommissural fornix at the level of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in primates. HACER, Spanish for 'to do', is the acronym for "Hypothalamic Area for Cardiovascular Emotional Response', It refers to a site where electrical stimulation produces the cardiovascular component of the defensive response to threatening stimuli: elevations of blood pressure and heart rate and a characteristic fluctuation of renal blood flow ( Smith-1990 ). The area receives major input from the amygdala, the brain region most involved in fear conditioning ( DeVito-1982; Pare-2004 ). A lesion of the area eliminates naturally occurring hypertension in baboons and owl monkeys ( Smith-2007 ).
lateral hypothalamus-perifornical area
LH/PF region
perifornical area
perifornical hypothalamus
area LH/PF
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3598
refers to the lateral part of area 12 (macaque) as defined by authors who segment the area into only two parts. The other is area 47O. They are labeled '47' in recognition that the human equivalent of area 12 (macaque) is area 47 of Brodmann, or more recently area 47/12 ( Paxinos-2009a; Ongur-2003 ).
area 47L
area 47L of cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3599
refers to the orbital part of area 12 (macaque) as defined by authors who segment the area into only two parts. The other is area 47L. They are labeled '47' in recognition that the human equivalent of area 12 (macaque) is area 47 of Brodmann, or more recently area 47/12 ( Paxinos-2009a; Ongur-2003 ).
area 47O
area 47 of cortex, orbital part
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3600
refers to the prefrontal cortex lining the banks of the principal sulcus in the macaque ( Preuss-1995 ).
principalis cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3601
refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the frontal lobe in the human and the macaque ( Petrides-2012 ). Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the frontal lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.
The frontal cortex has two major components: motor cortex ( with subdivisions primary motor cortex and premotor cortex ) and prefrontal cortex ( with subdivisions lateral prefrontal cortex and orbital prefrontal cortex ).
Some authors include the anterior cingulate cortex, under the name medial prefrontal cortex, as part of frontal cortex ( Ongur-2003; Carmichael-1994 ). Here that area is classified as limbic cortex, because topologically it is located in the limbic lobe and architectonically, unlike prefrontal cortex, which is granular cortex, it is agranular cortex ( Wallis-2012 ).
The rat and mouse have equivalents to the agranular motor cortex component of frontal cortex in primates, but they do not have equivalents to the granular prefrontal cortex of primates ( Wallis-2012 ).
frontal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3602
is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting the type of neocortex that is distinguished by the typical organization of granule cells into an external granular layer (II) and an internal granular layer (IV) ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is distinguished from dysgranular cortex, which has fewer granule cells in a single layer or as distinct clusters, and agranular cortex, which has no granule cells ( Mesulam-1982 ).
granular cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3603
refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined type of neocortex intermediate in structure between granular cortex and agranular cortex. The granular cortex has two layers of granule cells, an external granular layer (II) and an internal granular layer (IV). Dysgranular cortex has fewer granule cells, which are grouped in a single layer or as distinct clusters. Agranular cortex has no granule cells ( Mesulam-1982 ).
dysgranular cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3604
refers to a cluster of large cholinergic neurons that form the rostrolateral part of the basal nucleus in the human and the chimpanzee. It is located deep to the putamen next to the temporal limb of the anterior commissure. In the human the anterior and intermediate parts of the nucleus are densely packed. The cells are fewer and more dispersed in the chimpanzee. The nucleus is not present in the macaque or other Old World and New World monkeys.
As part of the basal nucleus it is thought to play a role in attention, learning, memory, and cortical plasticity ( Raghanti-2011 ). In the human it is more prominent in the left hemisphere than the right, and it sends a projection to the inferior frontal gyrus, which includes Broca's area. Those features suggest that the subputaminal nucleus may play a role in speech and cognition ( Simic-1999 ).
subputaminal nucleus of Ayala
Nucleus subputaminalis
subputaminal nucleus (Ayala)
subputaminal nucleus
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3605
refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the limbic lobe in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the limbic lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.
The limbic cortex has three major components: cingulate cortex, parahippocampal cortex, and hippocampal cortex,
limbic cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3606
area a24
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3607
refers to the part of area 24 that intersects the anterior midcingulate cortex of the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it occupies approximately the middle third of the anterior cingulate gyrus. In the human it consists of four parts: area a24a', area a24b', area a24c'v, and area a24c'd. In the macaque it has only three parts: area a24a', area a24b', and area a24c' ( Vogt-2012 ).
area a24'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3608
refers to the part of area 24 that intersects the posterior midcingulate cortex of the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it occupies approximately the posterior third of the anterior cingulate gyrus. In the human it consists of four parts: area p24a', area p24b', area p24dv, and area p24dd. In the macaque it has only three parts: area p24a', area p24b', and area p24d ( Vogt-2012 ).
area p24'
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3609
refers to the more rostral of two parts of area v23 in the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located in the human in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus between area 26 of the retrosplenial area and area v23b. In the macaque it is located similarly, except that the macaque has no area 26, so it directly abuts the splenium of the corpus callosum ( Vogt-2012 ).
area v23a
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3610
refers to the more caudal of two parts of area v23 in the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus between area v23a and area v31. In the macaque it is located similarly, except that the macaque has no area v31 ( Vogt-2012 ).
area v23b
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3611
refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the parietal lobe in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the parietal lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.
The parietal cortex has two major components: the anterior parietal cortex located in the postcentral gyrus and the posterior parietal cortex located caudal to the postcentral sulcus ( Caspers-2012 ).
parietal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3612
refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the temporal lobe in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the temporal lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.
temporal cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3613
refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the insula in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the insula, which is defined as a lobe on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.
insular cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3614
refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the occipital lobe in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the occipital lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.
occipital cortex
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3615
refers to one of two components of an alternate segmentation of the dopaminergic cell groups found in the ventral midbrain tegmentum of the human and macaque. It includes the dopaminergic cells of the A10 cell group in the ventral tegmental area, the A8 cell group in the retrorubral area, and the compact part of the A9 cell group in pars compacta of the substantia nigra. The other component is the ventral tier dopaminergic cell group. The cells of the dorsal tier are less affected in Parkinson's disease and less vulnerable to MPTP treatment than those of the ventral tier ( Haber-2012 ).
dorsal tier dopaminergic cell group
dorsal tier
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3616
refers to one of two components of an alternate segmentation of the dopaminergic cell groups found in the ventral midbrain tegmentum of the human and macaque. It is composed of columns of dopaminergic cells of the A9 cell group, which are distributed in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. The other component is the dorsal tier dopaminergic cell group. The cells of the ventral tier are more reduced in Parkinson's disease and more vulnerable to MPTP treatment than those of the dorsal tier ( Haber-2012 ).
ventral tier
ventral tier dopaminergic cell group
http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3617
refers to the combination of two architectonically defined areas of the posterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque: the posterior cingulate cortex and the retrosplenial cortex. "Perisplenial region' has been suggested as a unique term for this combination to avoid confusion between the original meaning of the term ' retrosplenial region ' and a second meaning that has come into common usage. The retrosplenial region, as originally defined by Brodmann-1909, and as referred to by most subsequent neuroanatomists, represents the combination of the narrow areas 26, 29, and 30 located in the wall of the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus abutting the splenium of the corpus callosum. 'Perisplenial' is recommended in Vogt-2012 as a substitute for 'retrosplenial' as used in recent stroke and imaging literatures to refer to the much larger combination of posterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex.
perisplenial region
retrosplenial cortex
retrosplenial complex